Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards a ferroelectric memory device. The ferroelectric memory device includes a pair of source/drain regions disposed in a semiconductor substrate. A gate dielectric is disposed over the semiconductor substrate and between the source/drain regions. A first conductive structure is disposed on the gate dielectric. A ferroelectric structure is disposed on the first conductive structure. A second conductive structure is disposed on the ferroelectric structure, where both the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure have an overall electronegativity that is greater than or equal to an overall electronegativity of the ferroelectric structure.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to a method of operation a resistive random access memory (RRAM) cell, comprising the performing of a reset operation to the RRAM cell. A first voltage bias is applied to the RRAM cell. The first voltage bias has a first polarity. The application of the first voltage bias induces the RRAM cell to change from a low resistance to an intermediate resistance. The intermediate resistance is greater than the low resistance. A second voltage bias is then applied to the RRAM cell. The second voltage bias has a second polarity that is opposite to the first polarity. The application of the second voltage bias induces the RRAM cell to have a high resistance. The high resistance is greater than the intermediate resistance.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to a method of operation a resistive random access memory (RRAM) cell, comprising the performing of a reset operation to the RRAM cell. A first voltage bias is applied to the RRAM cell. The first voltage bias has a first polarity. The application of the first voltage bias induces the RRAM cell to change from a low resistance to an intermediate resistance. The intermediate resistance is greater than the low resistance. A second voltage bias is then applied to the RRAM cell. The second voltage bias has a second polarity that is opposite to the first polarity. The application of the second voltage bias induces the RRAM cell to have a high resistance. The high resistance is greater than the intermediate resistance.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards a ferroelectric memory device. The ferroelectric memory device includes a pair of source/drain regions disposed in a semiconductor substrate. A gate dielectric is disposed over the semiconductor substrate and between the source/drain regions. A first conductive structure is disposed on the gate dielectric. A ferroelectric structure is disposed on the first conductive structure. A second conductive structure is disposed on the ferroelectric structure, where both the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure have an overall electronegativity that is greater than or equal to an overall electronegativity of the ferroelectric structure.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to an integrated chip. The integrated chip includes one or more lower interconnect layers arranged within a dielectric structure over a substrate. A bottom electrode is disposed over one of the one or more lower interconnect layers. A lower surface of the bottom electrode includes a material having a first electronegativity. A data storage layer separates the bottom electrode from a top electrode. A reactivity reducing layer contacts the lower surface of the bottom electrode. The reactivity reducing layer has a second electronegativity that is greater than or equal to the first electronegativity.

Abstract: A Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) device and a method of its manufacture are disclosed. The RRAM device comprises a lower oxygen affinity bottom electrode, a hygroscopic solid-state dielectric layer, comprising hydroxyl groups, and a higher oxygen affinity top electrode. In some embodiments, the hygroscopic solid-state dielectric layer is a rare-earth metal oxide layer.

Abstract: a dust collector for electrical drill, comprising: a sleeve portion, a supporting portion, and a dust collecting portion; the sleeve portion disposed in front of the fixing part of the electrical drill; the supporting portion coupled with the sleeve portion, and surrounding and isolating a rotating part of the electrical drill; the dust collecting portion coupled with one end of the supporting portion and covered the drill bit; the dust collecting portion including a telescoping sleeve body and a spring. Besides, the dust collector adds a stop device which comprises a ruler paralleled to the dust collection portion and a stopper disposed in the outside of the supporting portion, whereby collecting the dust when drilling operation and controlling precisely the drilling depth.

Abstract: This invention provides an apparatus for detecting a touching position on a flat panel display, including a display panel for displaying text and picture information, an electrically-controlled swing element with the angle of swing thereof being controlled by an electrically-driven actuator, a light source with a light beam thereof being reflected onto a display plane of the display panel or an upper or lower plane proximate to the display plane by the electrically-controlled swing element, an optical system with the optical axis thereof being parallel to the display plane, and a photo-sensing element disposed at an image plane of the optical system. A one-dimensional position of a touching point on the display panel is obtained from the photo-sensing element. Another one-dimensional position of the touching point is obtained from the said one-dimensional position and the angle of swing of the electrically-controlled swing element.

Abstract: A composite board with landscaping and decorative functions is disclosed. The composite board has a first decoration layer, a first interlayer, and a first protection layer. The first interlayer is located under the first decoration layer. The first decoration layer is located under the first protection layer. The first interlayer is made of 3D fiberglass impregnated with a resin.

Abstract: The invention relates to a positioning sleeve for an electrical drill dust collector and an electrical drill dust collector using the positioning sleeve. The positioning sleeve comprises: a sleeve portion coupled with a flange at a front edge of an electrical drill and a support body forward extended from the sleeve portion, surrounding and isolating a rotated portion of the electrical drill to enhance the drill operating safety. The electrical drill dust collector using the aforesaid positioning sleeve comprises: a fixing base fixing on the support body, a telescoping sleeve having a ring body at an front end thereof, a dust collection section at a front end section thereof and a bellows section at a tail end section thereof, and an elastic member having a positioning end connected to the fixing base and a free end thereof connected to the ring body to improve the dustproof effect.

Abstract: This invention provides a photographing module with optical zoom, which at least includes a focusing lens assembly, a zoom lens assembly, a focusing lens actuator, a zoom lens actuator, a photo sensor and a vibration sensor. The focusing lens actuator at least includes a first movable member, a first fixed member and a first electric unit, wherein the first electric unit can drive the first movable member to proceed axial displacement and incline at an angle with respect to at least one axis. The zoom lens actuator at least includes a second movable member, a second fixed member and a second electric unit, wherein the second electric unit can drive the second movable member to proceed axial displacement. Alternatively, the axial inclination driven by the first electric unit of the focusing lens actuator may be driven by the second electric unit of the zoom lens actuator.

Abstract: This invention provides a photographing module at least including: an electric drive assembly comprising a movable member, a holder, a magnetic circuit system and an elastic member, wherein the magnetic circuit system comprises at least three magnets and at least three coils so as to drive the movable member to perform a linear movement with respect to the optical axis and an angle of inclination with respect to at least an axis, and a magnetic pole direction of each magnet is perpendicular to the optical axis, an axis with respect to the coil winding axis of each coil is perpendicular to the optical axis; a photo sensor positioned on an image side of the photographing module and connected to the holder of the electric drive assembly; and a vibration sensor at a proper position of the photographing module capable of detecting directions and magnitude of a vibration.

Abstract: A driving circuit for a photographing module includes a load comprising three coils and four signal input ends; a power source configured to drive the coils and capable of providing an intermediate level between a supply voltage level and a ground level; and a set of electronic switch elements. The driving circuit controls the magnitudes and directions of the electric currents flowing through the coils by switching the set of electronic switch elements, thereby enabling the photographing module to perform auto-focusing and compensate for an angle of inclination.

Abstract: This invention provides a photographing module with optical zoom, which at least includes a focusing lens assembly, a zoom lens assembly, a focusing lens actuator, a zoom lens actuator, a photo sensor and a vibration sensor. The focusing lens actuator at least includes a first movable member, a first fixed member and a first electric unit, wherein the first electric unit can drive the first movable member to proceed axial displacement and incline at an angle with respect to at least one axis. The zoom lens actuator at least includes a second movable member, a second fixed member and a second electric unit, wherein the second electric unit can drive the second movable member to proceed axial displacement. Alternatively, the axial inclination driven by the first electric unit of the focusing lens actuator may be driven by the second electric unit of the zoom lens actuator.

Abstract: This invention provides a photographing module at least including: an electric drive assembly comprising a movable member, a holder, a magnetic circuit system and an elastic member, wherein the magnetic circuit system comprises at least three magnets and at least three coils so as to drive the movable member to perform a linear movement with respect to the optical axis and an angle of inclination with respect to at least an axis, and a magnetic pole direction of each magnet is perpendicular to the optical axis, an axis with respect to the coil winding axis of each coil is perpendicular to the optical axis; a photo sensor positioned on an image side of the photographing module and connected to the holder of the electric drive assembly; and a vibration sensor at a proper position of the photographing module capable of detecting directions and magnitude of a vibration.

Abstract: The present invention provides a driving circuit for a photographing module comprising: a load comprising three coils and four signal input ends; a power source configured to drive the coils and capable of providing an intermediate level between a supply voltage level and a ground level; and a set of electronic switch elements; wherein the driving circuit controls the magnitudes and directions of the electric currents flowing through the coils by switching the set of electronic switch elements, thereby enabling the photographing module to perform auto-focusing and compensate for an angle of inclination.

Abstract: This invention provides an actuator at least including a holder having a movable member accommodation space and at least three magnet accommodation spaces, a movable member received by the movable member accommodation space of the holder, and a magnetic circuit system comprising at least three magnets and at least three coils, the magnetic circuit system enabling the movable member to move with respect to an axis and incline at an angle with respect to at least one axis; wherein each of the at least three magnets is received by one of the at least three magnet accommodation spaces and the directions of the top and bottom magnetic poles thereof are perpendicular to the axis with respect to which the movable member moves; and wherein each of the at least three coils corresponds to one of the at least three magnets and is associated with the movable member, and the central axis of each of the at least three coils is perpendicular to the axis with respect to which the movable member moves.

Abstract: This invention provides an apparatus for detecting a touching position on a flat panel display, including a display panel for displaying text and picture information, an electrically-controlled swing element with the angle of swing thereof being controlled by an electrically-driven actuator, a light source with a light beam thereof being reflected onto a display plane of the display panel or an upper or lower plane proximate to the display plane by the electrically-controlled swing element, an optical system with the optical axis thereof being parallel to the display plane, and a photo-sensing element disposed at an image plane of the optical system. A one-dimensional position of a touching point on the display panel is obtained from the photo-sensing element. Another one-dimensional position of the touching point is obtained from the said one-dimensional position and the angle of swing of the electrically-controlled swing element.