Abstract: In a method for controlling a freeze drying process, a frozen product is arranged on temperature controlled surfaces (12) in an air-evacuated chamber (1) and undergoes a main drying and after-drying phase. During the main drying phase, the temperature of the ice surrounding said product is continuously measured. The pressure in the chamber and/or the temperature of the surfaces are modified during transition from the main drying phase to the after-drying phase. In order to avoid longer idle periods between the chamber (1) and the evacuation device (3, 4, 14) and to determine transition from the main drying phase to the after-drying phase, the pressure and/or the temperature of the surfaces during said transition are modified according to changes int he temperature of the ice.

Abstract: New microbicidal, optionally solvent- and emulsifier-free microbicidal active compound combinations and agents comprising known azole fungicides and quaternary ammonium compounds and their use in the preservation of materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of human monoclonal antibodies from human B cells. According to this process, human antibody-producing B cells are immortalized by infection with an Epstein-Barr virus, or derivative thereof, that expresses Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2). EBNA2 function, which is required for immortalization, is subsequently shut off, which results in an increase in antibody production. The invention provides a variety of systems that allow expression of EBNA2 function to achieve immortalization, followed by reduction of EBNA2 expression or function to facilitate antibody production.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the general composition I, Lactate (1), Glycine (1), Valine (4), Isoleucine (1), pipecolic acid (1), Aspartic acid (1), Tyrosine (1), wherein each amino acid residue independently may occur in L- or D- form, and wherein the number in parenthesis indicates the number of occurrences of each moiety, and derivatives thereof are disclosed. The compounds are producible by aerobic cultivation on suitable nutrient media under suitable conditions of a strain of the fungus Curvularia sp., subsequent recovery of the active component from the fermentation medium, and optionally modifying the active compound to obtain a compound of the desired general composition. Disclosed are also microorganisms capable of producing said compounds, compositions containing said compounds, and the use of such compositions for controlling fungi in crops, and in the preservation of wood, paints, cosmetics, and edible products.

Abstract: Fungicidal compositions comprising compounds of the general formula III ##STR1## cyclo-[Pec-MeAsp-MeVal-Val-MeVal-MeIle-Gly-MeVal-TyrOMe-D-Lact] (III) wherein each amino acid residue and the lactate residue independently may occur in L- or D-form, and derivatives thereof in combination with other biocidal agents are disclosed. Said compositions may be used for controlling fungi in crops and in the preservation of wood, paints, cosmetics, and edible products.

Abstract: 1-Thiocarbamoyl-5-hydroxy-pyrazoles have a microbicidal action and are therefore suitable for use for the preservation of materials. Since, in contrast to other microbicides, they are ecologically acceptable and do not discolour plastics, paints and paint films, they are particularly recommended for use in these substances.

Abstract: New synergistic microbicidal active compound combinations, and the use thereof, comprising an azole fungicide, such as hexaconazole, and an iodopropargyl derivative, such as IPBC, if appropriate with the addition of other active compounds.

Abstract: New cyanoalkene derivatives of the formula (I) ##STR1## are described, in which R and R.sup.1 have the meaning given in the description, and a process for their preparation.The new cyanoalkene derivatives are used for combating microorganisms for the protection of industrial materials.

Abstract: There were described microbicidal agents for the protection of aqueous functional fluids which contain, as active substances, a combination of at least one iodopropargyl derivative and benzyl alcohol mono(poly)hemiformal.

Abstract: Microbicidal synergistic combinations of active compounds composed of known azol and benzimidazole derivatives are described, as is their use in the protection of materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of certain 1-[2-pyri(mi)dyl]-5-hydroxy-pyrazoles which are characterized by formula (I) given in the description, as microbicides for the protection of industrial materials, and to certain novel 1-[2-pyri(mi)dyl]-5-hydroxy-pyrazoles which are characterised by formula (II) given in the description.

Abstract: New compounds of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 -R.sup.6 have the meanings given in the description, their preparation and use in plant protection, the protection of materials and in the field of human and veterinary medicine.Formula (I) gives a definition of the compounds which can be prepared by analogous processes, for example from suitable benzothiophene derivatives by oxidation.

Abstract: New synergistic microbicidal active compound combinations, and the use thereof, comprising an azole fungicide, such as tebuconazole, and an iodopropargyl derivative, such as IPBC, if appropriate with the addition of other active compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of certain 1-[2-pyri(mi)dyl]-5-hydroxy-pyrazoles which are characterized by formula (I) given in the description, as microbicides for the protection of industrial materials, and to certain novel 1-[2-pyri(mi)dyl]-5-hydroxy-pyrazoles which are characterized by formula (II) given in the description.

Abstract: A humidifier and heater for air to be inhaled for connection to an inhalation conduit of a respirator comprises a housing having a bundle of vapor permeable fiber tubes which have evaporation fiber wall surfaces extending therethrough. A packing is arranged adjacent each end of the housing in said tubes and seals the space in the housing around the tubes between the packing. The tubes in the interior of the housing in the space have a coating on their exteriors of at least either copper or silver. Warm water is circulated into the housing in the space around the tubes and the inhalation air is directed through the tubes or vice versa.

Abstract: The humidity exchanger for a breathing apparatus and a conduit for the passage of inspiration and expiration air comprises a housing having an opening at each end and with a bundle of fiber tubules extending longitudinally through the housing and embedded at respective ends in packing so as to define a space within the housing around the tubes. Inspiration air is directed upwardly through the tubes past a non-return valve and out through a fitting which also forms a passage for the expiration air. The fitting also extends in communication with an inlet for the tube chamber, the space in the housing around the tubes and between the packing. An outlet is also provided for the chamber around the tubes which extends out to atmosphere.

Abstract: A humidity exchanger for a breathing apparatus includes an outer housing having one end with an opening for the passage of inspiration and expiration air therethrough and an opposite end into which is fitted a separate inner housing. The inner housing carries a first tube bundle of fibrous tubules defining passages therethrough for the passage of either inspiration or expiration air. This passage contains spaced apart packings through which the tubules extend and spaced between the packings defines a heat exchange space around the tubules. Construction includes an inner tube or conduit centrally of the bundle with a passage of heat of the inspiration or the expiration air into the space surrounding the tubules within the inner housing. The inner housing leads into a front space of the outer housing through a conduit connected to the user of the apparatus.

Abstract: A process for fermentatively hydrogenating and reducing ketoisophorone to produce optically active [4R,6R]-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohexanone useful as an intermediate in the production of optically active carotenoids and intermediates in the production of these carotenoids.

Abstract: A process for fermentatively hydrogenating and reducing ketoisophorone to produce optically active [4R,6R]-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-cyclohexanone useful as an intermediate in the production of optically active carotenoids and intermediates in the production of these carotenoids.

Abstract: A protective breathing device comprises a housing having a filter therein and with an inlet air passage through the filter and through an internal passage in the housing to a breathing tube having a mouthpiece which is adapted to be fitted to the wearer. The breathing tube includes an exhaling valve for expelling air which is exhaled through the breathing tube. The housing carries an oxygen cartridge which is fired or opened by a firing pin which penetrates the cartridge in order to supply oxygen into the housing passage for flow through the breathing tube when this is necessary. In addition, the housing has an annular chamber surrounding the inhalation duct carrying an economy bag through which portions of the exhaled air may be recirculated for flow back into the breathing tube on a successive respiration in order to maintain the oxygen content within acceptable limits.