Abstract: An energy storage system includes: multiple cells, each cell having a first end with anode and cathode terminals, and a second end opposite the first end, the cells arranged so that the second ends are aligned; for each of the cells, electrical connections coupled to the anode and cathode terminals at the first end; and a heat pipe having a flat evaporation surface facing the second ends.

Abstract: An energy storage system includes: multiple cells, each cell having a first end with anode and cathode terminals, and a second end opposite the first end, the cells arranged so that the second ends are aligned; for each of the cells, electrical connections coupled to the anode and cathode terminals at the first end; and a heat pipe having a flat evaporation surface facing the second ends.

Abstract: Methods for manufacturing a solar cell are provided. The method may include forming a lower electrode on a substrate, forming a light absorption layer on the lower electrode, forming a buffer layer on the light absorption layer, and forming a window layer on the buffer layer. The window layer may include an intrinsic layer and the transparent electrode which have electric characteristics different from each other, respectively. The intrinsic layer and the transparent electrode may be formed by a sputtering process using a single target formed of metal oxide doped with impurities.

Abstract: Methods for manufacturing a solar cell are provided. The method may include forming a lower electrode on a substrate, forming a light absorption layer on the lower electrode, forming a buffer layer on the light absorption layer, and forming a window layer on the buffer layer. The window layer may include an intrinsic layer and the transparent electrode which have electric characteristics different from each other, respectively. The intrinsic layer and the transparent electrode may be formed by a sputtering process using a single target formed of metal oxide doped with impurities.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatuses which achieve high heat transfer in a fluid cooling system, and which do so with a small pressure drop across the system. The present invention teaches the use of wall features on the fins of a heat exchanger to cool fluid in a fluid cooling system. The present invention also discloses high aspect ratio, high surface area structures applicable in micro-heat exchangers for fluid cooling systems and cost effective methods for manufacturing the same.

Abstract: The rear panel of an electronics enclosure includes one or more heat exchangers. The rear panel can be cooling door configured to provide access to the cables and equipment located within the electronics enclosure. Such access can be provided by swinging the door open on hinges like a standard door. In the case where there are multiple heat exchangers, the door can be configured into segments, one segment per heat exchanger, and each segment includes hinges so as to be opened independently from the other segments. In some embodiments, each segment swivels open like a standard door. In other embodiments, each segment is configured to swivel up or down about a horizontal axis. In still other embodiments, each segment is configured to be disconnected from the electronics enclosure and moved out of the way, in which case each heat exchanger is connected using either flexible tubing that can be bent out of the way or quick disconnects.

Abstract: A duct work assembly is coupled to an end of an electronics enclosure that houses one or more heat generating devices, such as electronics servers. The duct work assembly includes individual duct guides that each have a deformable end, which is configured to locally deform around the electrical connection lines extending from the rear of one or more electronics servers. The deformable end can be made of bristles, as in a brush, or foam that includes slits and/or holes.

Abstract: A thermal bus enables the use of multiple separate heat pipe assemblies instead of using a single heat pipe assembly spanning the distance from heat source to cold plate. The use of a thermal bus can decrease the orientation effects as well as decrease the travel length of any single heat pipe assembly. In addition, the use of multiple heat pipe assemblies enables each individual heat pipe assembly to be optimized to meet localized heat transfer characteristics between each heat source, the thermal bus, and the cold plate. Such optimization can include the use of differently sized heat pipes, wick structures within the heat pipe, and working fluid used within the heat pipe. The thermal bus provides an intermediate thermal transfer from one heat pipe assembly serially coupled to another heat pipe assembly, thereby enabling multiple serially coupled heat pipe assemblies to transfer heat from a given heat source to the cold plate at the edge of the electronics board.

Abstract: A duct work assembly is coupled to an end of an electronics enclosure that houses one or more heat generating devices, such as electronics servers. The duct work assembly includes individual duct guides that each have a deformable end, which is configured to locally deform around the electrical connection lines extending from the rear of one or more electronics servers. The deformable end can be made of bristles, as in a brush, or foam that includes slits and/or holes.

Abstract: A cooling system includes a re-configurable duct work assembly for a server rack or other electronics enclosure. Heat generating devices are positioned within the electronics enclosure and heat exchangers are coupled to the heat generating devices via the duct work. The duct work is positioned within a plenum between the back of the electronics servers and the heat exchangers. The interior of the electronics enclosure is conceptually segmented into heat zones. The duct work is used to selectively direct heated air to the heat exchangers. In some embodiments, the heated air output from a single heat zone is directed by the duct work to a corresponding single heat exchanger. In other embodiments, the heated air output from a group of adjacent heat zones is combined within a single duct work guide that directs the combined heated air to a corresponding number of adjacent heat exchangers.

Abstract: The rear panel of an electronics enclosure includes one or more heat exchangers. The rear panel can be cooling door configured to provide access to the cables and equipment located within the electronics enclosure. Such access can be provided by swinging the door open on hinges like a standard door. In the case where there are multiple heat exchangers, the door can be configured into segments, one segment per heat exchanger, and each segment includes hinges so as to be opened independently from the other segments. In some embodiments, each segment swivels open like a standard door. In other embodiments, each segment is configured to swivel up or down about a horizontal axis. In still other embodiments, each segment is configured to be disconnected from the electronics enclosure and moved out of the way, in which case each heat exchanger is connected using either flexible tubing that can be bent out of the way or quick disconnects.