Abstract: A semiconductor radiation detector having a semiconductor substrate and first and second metal layers. The semiconductor substrate has substantially planar upper and lower opposing surfaces which have respective first and second surface areas. The first and second surface areas are defined by prospective dice lines. The first metal layer is on the substantially planar upper surface such that the first metal layer will have a surface area less than the first surface area of the substantially planar upper surface as defined by spaces on the substantially planar upper surface between the first metal layer and the prospective dice lines which define the first surface area. The second metal layer is on the substantially planar lower opposing surface.

Abstract: Magnetic beads that include polyvalent ligands comprising various carbohydrates are described. Methods for fabricating such magnetic beads are also provided as well as methods of their use to capture and enrich pathogen cell population for subsequent culture, lysis and identification.

Abstract: Highly selective coated-electrode nanogap transducers for the detection of redox molecules are described. In an example, an analyte detection system includes one or more transducer electrodes having a surface for analyte detection. The surface includes a coating to inhibit direct contact of analyte with the surface of the one or more transducer electrodes.

Abstract: Magnetic beads that include polyvalent ligands comprising various carbohydrates are described. Methods for fabricating such magnetic beads are also provided as well as methods of their use to capture and enrich pathogen cell population for subsequent culture, lysis and identification.

Abstract: The embodiments of the invention relate to a method for the introduction of a labeling structure such as a fluorescent molecules or a Raman tags to a compound. Imidazole functionalized resins or polymers are used to selectively immobilize phosphocompounds without protecting the carboxylic groups. Relying on the pKa difference between amines and hydrazides and carrying out the reaction in a slightly acidic buffer, all of the amines are protected by protonation while the hydrazides react with the phosphate imidazolide to form a phosphoramidate bond.

Abstract: The embodiments of the invention relate to a method for the introduction of a labeling structure such as a fluorescent molecules or a Raman tags to a compound. Imidazole functionalized resins or polymers are used to selectively immobilize phosphocompounds without protecting the carboxylic groups. Relying on the pKa difference between amines and hydrazides and carrying out the reaction in a slightly acidic buffer, all of the amines are protected by protonation while the hydrazides react with the phosphate imidazolide to form a phosphoramidate bond.

Abstract: A semiconductor radiation detector having a semiconductor substrate and first and second metal layers. The semiconductor substrate has substantially planar upper and lower opposing surfaces which have respective first and second surface areas. The first and second surface areas are defined by prospective dice lines. The first metal layer is on the substantially planar upper surface such that the first metal layer will have a surface area less than the first surface area of the substantially planar upper surface as defined by spaces on the substantially planar upper surface between the first metal layer and the prospective dice lines which define the first surface area. The second metal layer is on the substantially planar lower opposing surface.

Abstract: Photoinduced redox current (PIRC) detection for DNA sequencing using integrated transducer arrays is described. For example, a method of determining DNA sequencing using photoinduced redox current (PIRC) includes providing a template having a primer region and a second region of one or more unknown bases. The template is coupled to a transducer array. The method also includes incorporating a tagged nucleotide at the second region of the template. The method also includes exposing the template to a light source. The method also includes electrically detecting, by the transducer, a state of the template. The method also includes removing a photosensitizer tag of the tagged nucleotide.

Abstract: A method of making a semiconductor radiation detector wherein the metal layers which serve as the cathode and anode electrodes are recessed from the designated prospective dice lines which define the total upper and lower surface areas for each detector such that the dicing blade will not directly engage the metal during dicing and therefore prevent metal from intruding upon (smearing) the vertical side walls of the detector substrate.

Abstract: System and methods for detecting analytes such as pathogenic cells are described. The methods allow for the direct measurement of analytes such as pathogenic organisms without the need for sample preparation and/or PCR. The devices can be used individually as point-of-use sensors for airborne pathogens and other pathogenic organisms in foods and agriculture products.

Abstract: Described are devices and methods for detecting binding on an electrode surface. In addition, devices and methods for electrochemically synthesizing polymers and devices and methods for synthesizing and detecting binding to the polymer on a common integrated device surface are described.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide devices, methods, and systems for high throughput biomolecule detection using transducer arrays. In one embodiment, a transducer array made up of transducer elements may be used to detect byproducts from chemical reactions that involve redox genic tags. Each transducer element may include at least a reaction chamber and a fingerprinting region, configured to flow a fluid from the reaction chamber through the fingerprinting region. The reaction chamber can include a molecule attachment region and the fingerprinting region can include at least one set of electrodes separated by a nanogap for conducting redox cycling reactions. In embodiments, by flowing the chamber content obtained from a reaction of a latent redox tagged probe molecule, a catalyst, and a target molecule in the reaction chamber through the fingerprinting region, the redox cycling reactions can be detected to identify redox-tagged biomolecules.

Abstract: A method of making a semiconductor radiation detector wherein the metal layers which serve as the cathode and anode electrodes are recessed from the designated prospective dice lines which define the total upper and lower surface areas for each detector such that the dicing blade will not directly engage the metal during dicing and therefore prevent metal from intruding upon (smearing) the vertical side walls of the detector substrate.

Abstract: Described are devices and methods for detecting binding on an electrode surface. In addition, devices and methods for electrochemically synthesizing polymers and devices and methods for synthesizing and detecting binding to the polymer on a common integrated device surface are described.

Abstract: Described are devices and methods for detecting binding on an electrode surface. In addition, devices and methods for electrochemically synthesizing polymers and devices and methods for synthesizing and detecting binding to the polymer on a common integrated device surface are described.

Abstract: Lateral collection photovoltaic (LCP) structures based on micro- and nano-collecting elements are used to collect photogenerated carriers. In one set of embodiments, the collecting elements are arrayed on a conducting substrate. In certain versions, the collecting elements are substantially perpendicular to the conductor. In another set of embodiments, the micro- or nano-scale collecting elements do not have direct physical and electrical contact to any conducting substrate. In one version, both anode and cathode electrodes are laterally arrayed. In another version, the collecting elements of one electrode are a composite wherein a conductor is separated by an insulator, which is part of each collector element, from the opposing electrode residing on the substrate. In still another version, the collection of one electrode structure is a composite containing both the anode and the cathode collecting elements for collection. An active material is positioned among the collector elements.

Abstract: Magnetic beads that include polyvalent ligands comprising various carbohydrates are described. Methods for fabricating such magnetic beads are also provided as well as methods of their use to capture and enrich pathogen cell population for subsequent culture, lysis and identification.

Abstract: Described are devices and methods for detecting binding on an electrode surface. In addition, devices and methods for electrochemically synthesizing polymers and devices and methods for synthesizing and detecting binding to the polymer on a common integrated device surface are described.

Abstract: A SERS active particle having a metal-containing particle and a cationic coating on the metal-containing particle, wherein the SERS active particle carries a positive charge is disclosed. Also, a SERS active particle having a metal-containing particle and a non-metallic molecule, wherein the metal-containing particle is derivatized with the non-metallic molecule is disclosed. In addition, several methods of modifying the nanoparticles surfaces of a SERS active particle and of improving the interaction between the SERS active particle and an analyte are disclosed.

Abstract: Intermediates and methods for forming passivated surfaces on oxide layers and articles produced thereby are described. Hydroxyl or hydroxide groups on the oxide surfaces are reacted with a metal reagent of the formula Y(L-Pol)m, where Y is a transition metal, magnesium or aluminum, L is oxygen, sulfur, selenium or an amine, and “Pol” represents a passivating agent such as a polyethylene glycol, a hydrocarbon, or a fluorocarbon. The resulting modified surface can be further reacted with a passivating agent having a phosphate functional group or a polyvalent reagent comprising a passivating moiety and a plurality of functional groups that are reactive with or that form complexes with Y. The passivating agent can also include a functional group such as biotin to provide surfaces with a desired functionality. The passivated surfaces exhibit minimal binding to bio-molecules and can be used in single-molecule detection schemes.