Abstract: Mixtures of aluminum phosphite with sparingly soluble aluminum salts and extraneous ions, process for preparation thereof and use thereof The invention relates to mixtures of aluminum phosphite with sparingly soluble aluminum salts and nitrogen-free extraneous ions, comprising 80 to 99.898% by weight of aluminum phosphite of the formula (I) Al2(HPO3)3xH2O??(I) in which x is 0 to 4, 0.1 to 10% by weight of sparingly soluble aluminum salts and 0.002 to 10% by weight of nitrogen-free extraneous ions; to a process for preparation thereof and use thereof.

Abstract: A novel flame retardant-stabilizer combination for thermoplastic polymers, comprising as component A 20 to 99% by weight of a dialkylphosphinic salt of the formula (I) and/or of a diphosphinic salt of the formula (II) and/or polymers thereof in which R1, R2 are the same or different and are each C1-C6-alkyl, linear or branched; R3 is C1-C10-alkylene, linear or branched, C6-C10-arylene, C7-C20-alkylarylene or C7-C20-arylalkylene; M is Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Zn, Fe, Zr, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K and/or a protonated nitrogen base; m is 1 to 4; n is 1 to 4; x is 1 to 4, as component B 1 to 80% by weight of a salt of the phosphorous acid with the general formula (III) [HP(?O)O2]2?Mm+ (III) in which M is Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Zn, Fe, Zr, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na and/or K and m is 1 to 4, as component C 0 to 30% by weight of a nitrogen-containing synergist and/or of a phosphorus/nitrogen flame retardant, as component D 0 to 10% by weight of a zinc salt and/or of a basic or amphoteric oxide, hydroxide, carbo

Abstract: Flame retardant mixtures and the production and use thereof The invention relates to a flame retardant mixture comprising 99.9999% to 87% by weight of diorganylphosphinic salts as component A) and 0.0001% to 13% by weight of iron as component B), where the sum total of A) and B) is 100% by weight; and to processes for preparation thereof and to the use thereof.

Abstract: Mixtures of at least one dialkylphosphinic acid with at least one other dialkylphosphinic acid that is different therefrom, method for production thereof, and use thereof. The invention relates to a mixture of at least one dialkylphosphinic acid of the formula (I) in which R1, R2 are the same or different and are each C1-C18-alkyl, C2-C18-alkenyl, C6-C18-aryl, C7-C18-alkylaryl, with at least one different dialkylphosphinic acid of the formula (II) in which R3, R4 are the same or different and are each C1-C18-alkyl, C2-C18-alkenyl, C6-C18-aryl and/or C7-C18-alkylaryl, with the proviso that at least one of the R3 and R4 radicals is different than R1 and R2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a flow plate (10, 28) for a fuel cell (12), comprising a plurality of gas guide webs (14) and at least one electrically conductive and porous layer unit (16) arranged on the gas guide webs (14). It is proposed that a geometry and/or a structure of the layer unit (16) is produced during a material application onto the gas guide webs (14).

Abstract: A technique for storing softbits of messages received according to a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) protocol is disclosed. As to a method aspect of the technique, a first storage (102) and a second storage (104) are provided. The first storage and a second storage include a plurality of memory segments (103) allocatable to HARQ processes. A first message related to a first HARQ process is received. The first message is protected by a channel code of the HARQ protocol and represented by softbits. The softbits of the first message are stored in a first segment of the first storage. The first segment is allocated to the first HARQ process. The first storage is accessible by a channel decoding unit (110) for decoding the channel code. If a number of allocated segments in the first storage, the decoding of which has not been yet completed, exceeds a threshold, the allocation for the first HARQ process is changed from the first segment in the first storage to a second segment in the second storage.

Abstract: The invention relates to mixtures of aluminum phosphite with sparingly soluble aluminum salts and nitrogen-free extraneous ions, comprising 80 to 99.898% by weight of aluminum phosphite of the formula (I) Al2(HPO3)3xH2O??(I) in which x is 0 to 4, 0.1 to 10% by weight of sparingly soluble aluminum salts and 0.002 to 10% by weight of nitrogen-free extraneous ions; to a process for preparation thereof and use thereof.

Abstract: A method for safe supervising train integrity includes: (a) acquiring first position data of the first carriage via a first tracking unit which is installed on-board of a first carriage and acquiring second position data of a second carriage via a second tracking unit which is installed on-board of the second carriage, wherein the position data is related to a rail route coordinate system; (b) determining a deviation between a reference value which depends on the length of the train and a position value which depends on position data of at least one of the tracking units; (c) detecting whether train integrity is given by analyzing the deviation; (d) repeating steps a) through c); wherein the tracking units are part of on-board units of an automatic train protection system. Thus a cost-efficient method for supervising train integrity which complies with safety level SIL4 can be realized.

Abstract: Method for operating a network (10), wherein the network (10) comprises at least one outer network (12) having at least one network device (14) and at least one inner network (13) having at least one network device (15), wherein additionally a transmission unit (16) is present that blocks a transmission of data from the outer network (12) to the inner network (13) and allows it in the opposite direction (or vice versa), characterised in that the transmission unit (16) permits a transmission of data only from the inner network (13) to the outer network (12) and the at least one network device (15) sends data from the inner network (13) to the transmission unit (16) with a first address, wherein the transmission unit (16) converts this first address into a second address and thereafter the data are transmitted with this second address in the direction of the outer network (12), the second address being a target address for the at least one network device in the outer network (12).

Abstract: The invention relates to polymeric flame retardant mixtures containing a) 0.1 to 70 wt % dialkyl phosphinic acid salt, b) 0 to 20 wt % telomers, and c) 30 to 99.9 wt % oligomers, a), b) and c) adding up to 100 wt %, with the proviso that a), b) and c) are different compounds. The invention also relates to methods for synthesizing said polymeric flame retardant mixtures and the use thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to mixtures of at least one dialkylphosphinic acid of the formula (I) in which R1, R2 are the same or different and are each independently C1-C18-alkyl, C2-C18-alkenyl, C6-C18-aryl, C7-C18-alkylaryl, with at least one alkylphosphonic acid of the formula (II) in which R3 is C1-C18-alkyl, C2-C18-alkenyl, C6-C18-aryl or C7-C18-alkylaryl; to a process for preparation thereof and to the use thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a flame-retardant polyamide composition, containing as component A 1 to 96% by weight of one or more thermoplastic polyamides, as component B 2 to 25% by weight of dialkylphosphinic salt of the formula (I) and/or a diphosphinic salt of the formula (II) and/or the polymers thereof, wherein R1, R2 are the same or different C1-C6 alkyl, linear or branched or H: R3 C1-C10 alkylene, linear or branched, C6-C10 arylene, C7-C20 alkylarylene or C7-C20 arylalkylene; M Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Zn, Fe, Zr, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K and/or a protonized nitrogen base; m is 1 to 4; n is 1 to 4; x is 1 to 4, as component C 1 to 20% by weight salt of the phosphorous acid, as component D 1 to 50% by weight of filler or reinforcing material, as component E 0 to 2% by weight of a carboxyl ester amide, as component F 0 to 1% of a phosphonite or a mixture of a phosphonite and a phosphate, and as component G 0 to 1% by weight of an ester or salt of long-chain aliphatic carboxylic acids (fatty acids), whi

Abstract: An electrode that includes at least one current collector having a flat configuration and to which at least one arrester is attached, and at least one active material foil. The at least one active material foil is situated on a first surface of the current collector, and protrudes beyond the current collector on all sides along its edges to form an overhang of the active material foil past the outer boundary of the current collector on all sides.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a homogenous particulate material composition, including at least one particulate material M, at least one additive Z, and at least one binding agent B, the method including providing at least one particulate material M, at least one additive Z, and at least one binding agent B; producing a homogenous mixture G1 from the at least one particulate material M and the at least one additive Z in a gravity mixer; producing a mixture G2 from the mixture G1 and the at least one binding agent B, with the introduction of shear forces; and removing dispersed gases from the mixture G2.

Abstract: An electrode including at least one current collector and at least one active-material layer, the active-material layer including at least one first continuously configured area K including active-material particles P(A), and at least one second discontinuously configured area D including active-material particles P(B), the at least one discontinuously configured area D being surrounded by the continuously configured area K, and the discontinuously configured area D having a diameter of no more than double the layer thickness of the active-material layer.

Abstract: A method for producing an electrode having an electrically conductive current collector layer having a terminal region for connection to an electrical power circuit, in which to improve the electrical discharge via the terminal region, the current collector layer has at least one structural element having an electrical conductivity that is increased compared to the current collector layer, through which structural element the electrical resistance between a point on the current collector layer and the terminal region is reduced, the method including: providing at least one free-standing active material foil; providing an electrically conductive layer on at least one surface of the active material foil, the electrically conductive layer being formed immediately on the surface of the active material foil to form the current collector layer; and connecting an electrical terminal region to the electrically conductive layer to enable connection to an electrical power circuit.

Abstract: Flame retardant mixtures comprising as component (A) 30% to 99.9% by weight of dialkylphosphinic salts of the formula (II), a and b may be the same or different and are each independently 1 to 9, and where the carbon chains may be linear, branched or cyclic and M is Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K and/or a protonated nitrogen base and m is 1 to 4, as component (B) 0.

Abstract: Mixtures of diphosphinic acids and alkylphosphinic acids, a process for preparation thereof and use thereof The invention relates to mixtures of at least one diphosphinic acid of the formula (I) in which R1, R2 are each H, C1-C18-alkyl, C2-C18-alkenyl, C6-C18-aryl, C7-C18-alkylaryl R4 is C1-C18-alkylene, C2-C18-alkenylene, C6-C18-arylene, C7-C18-alkylarylene with at least one alkylphosphinic acid of the formula (II) in which R3 is C1-C18-alkyl, C2-C18-alkenyl, C6-C8-aryl, C7-C18-alkylaryl. The invention also relates to a process for preparing these mixtures and to the use thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mixture of at least one dialkylphosphinic acid of the formula (I) in which R1, R2 are the same or different and are each C1-C18-alkyl, C2-C18-alkenyl, C6-C18-aryl, C7-C18-alkylaryl, with at least one different dialkylphosphinic acid of the formula (II) in which R3, R4 are the same or different and are each C1-C18-alkyl, C2-C18-alkenyl, C6-C18-aryl and/or C7-C18-alkylaryl, with the proviso that at least one of the R3 and R4 radicals is different than R1 and R2.

Abstract: The invention relates to mixtures of at least one diphosphinic acid of the formula (I) in which R1, R2 are the same or different and are each independently H, C1-C18-alkyl, C2-C18-alkenyl, C6-C18-aryl, C7-C18-alkylaryl, R5 is C1-C18-alkylene, C2-C18-alkenylene, C6-C18-arylene, C7-C18-alkylarylene with at least one dialkylphosphinic acid of the formula (II) in which R3, R4 are the same or different and are each independently C1-C18-alkyl, C2-C18-alkenyl, C6-C18-aryl and/or C7-C18-alkylaryl. The invention also relates to a process for preparing these mixtures and to the use thereof.