Abstract: A method comprising a step to form a hole (2) for charging a breaking substance (4) into an object to be fractured (1), a step to insert a pair of electrodes (6) having a thin metal wire (5) connected between ends thereof into the hole (2), a step to dispose the breaking substance (4) and the thin metal wire (5) into a bag-like container (22) made of rubber at a stage to supply electric energy accumulated in a capacitor to the electrodes (6) for fusing and vaporizing the thin metal wire (5), thereby swelling a volume of the breaking substance (4) and breaking the object to be fractured (1), and a step to fit the bag-like container (22) into the hole (2). This method assures secure transmission of an expansion force to the object to be fractured even when the hole formed in the object to be fractured is deformed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a water-repellent glass plate. This glass plate has a glass substrate having a major surface and a water-repellent film formed on the major surface of the glass substrate. The water-repellent film is prepared by an application of a water-repellent agent which is in a liquid form, to the major surface of the glass substrate, while the glass substrate is heated at a temperature of from 90 to 200.degree. C. The glass plate is superior in water repellency duration even under severe environment.

Abstract: A series of pulses of ultrasonic wave emitted from the transmitter with a specified period are received by the receiver. The received signals are rectified to a smooth wave with a single peak. The occurrence time of the peak is determined to gain and store the peak value, which corresponds to the edge position, thickness or splice position of the web. Alternatively, the transmitter emits a series of pulses of ultrasonic wave with a specified period and the peak value in the signals received by the receiver is once held in the peak-holding circuit. The peak voltage held is discharged and reduced with the discharge device and smoothing of the charged voltage yields its mean value, which corresponds to the edge position, thickness or splice position of the web.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multilayered metal oxide film formed on a glass substrate by the sol-gel process. The film has a first metal oxide layer formed on the glass substrate and a second metal oxide layer formed on the first layer. To make the first layer minutely rough, at least two sols are respectively prepared from at least one compound selected from the group consisting of metal alkoxides and metal acetylacetonatos, such that polymers of the sols have different average molecular weights. Then, the at least two sols are mixed with a solvent so as to prepare a first coating solution. The first coating solution is applied to the glass substrate so as to form thereon a first sol film. The thus coated glass substrate is heated so as to transform the first sol film into the first metal oxide layer. To form a water-repellent metal oxide film on the first layer, a silane compound containing a fluorocarbon group is mixed with a solvent so as to prepare a second coating solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a metal oxide film formed on a glass substrate by a sol-gel process. To make the metal oxide film minutely rough, at least two sols are respectively prepared from at least one compound selected from the group consisting of metal alkoxides and metal acetylacetonates, such that polymers of the sols have different average molecular weights. Then, the at least two sols are mixed with a solvent so as to prepare a coating solution. The coating solution is applied to the glass substrate so as to form thereon a sol film. The thus coated glass substrate is heated so as to transform the sol film into a gel film and to form thereon numerous micro-pits.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reflectance reducing silicon dioxide film formed on a glass substrate by the sol-gel process. To make the film minutely rough, at least two sols are respectively prepared from at least one compound selected from the group consisting of silicon alkoxides and silicon acetylacetonates, such that polymers of the sols have different average molecular weights. Then, the at least two sols are mixed with a solvent so as to prepare a coating solution. The coating solution is applied to the glass substrate so as to form a sol film on the glass substrate. The thus coated glass substrate is heated so as to transform the sol film into a gel film. The gel film which is minutely rough is satisfactory in reflectance reduction.

Abstract: A double glazing glass which comprises two transparent sheets superposed one on top of the other through the medium of spacers disposed along the edge parts thereof, a primary sealant joining the spacers to the transparent sheets, and a secondary sealant filling the gaps formed on the outer sides of the spacers between the opposed transparent sheets, wherein at least one polycarbonate sheet in the two transparent sheets and an alcohol type silicone adhesive agent as the secondary sealant are used.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a metal oxide film formed on a glass substrate by the so-gel process with using a solution of a metal alkoxide. To afford water repellency to the oxide film, a fluoroalkylsilane is mixed with an alkoxysilane solution in the molar ratio of the alkoxysilane to the fluoroalkylsilane ranging from 1:10 to 10:1. Then, the mixed solution is diluted with a solvent such that the total concentration of the alkoxysilane and the fluoroalkylsilane is from 1 to 10 wt % in a diluted solution. Then, water in the amount of 100 mol % to 1000 mol % of the total amounts of the fluoroalkylsilane and the alkoxysilane is added to the diluted solution so as to partially hydrolyze the fluoroalkylsilane and the alkoxysilane, thereby forming a sol. Then, the sol is applied to the glass substrate, and the coated glass substrate is heated so as to form the metal oxide film thereon.

Abstract: On a display device, one or more machining portions in the entire working surface of a workpiece are displayed as image variations in gradiation, hue or tone throughout in a direction normal to the axis of the workpiece, to thus facilitate recognition of the machining state. A graphic display system is combined with a numerical control grinding machine to display images of a workpiece being machined and its working surfaces. The workpiece is displayed on the display device as a projection thereof on a plane parallel to the axis of the workpiece. Machining portions in the entire working surface of the workpiece are displayed in gradation, hue or tone changes, throughout in a direction normal to the axis of the workpiece, in accordance with changes in the cut-away amount.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus to prevent the entrance of aquatic species into the intake watercourse having a U-shaped cross section with a narrow bottom and a wide surface, in which oppositely facing electrodes are installed vertically along the side walls on both sides of the intake watercourse, and the distance between the upper ends of the electrodes is made greater than the distance between the lower ends of the electrodes, and a voltage is impressed between the both electrodes. Since the electric barrier intensity is smallest at the surface of water and becomes greater as it goes toward the bottom of water, the river fish moving around the bottom of water make a U-turn when they reach the strong electric barrier, or alternatively, after reaching the strong electric barrier, they move upward to where the electric barrier is weaker and then make a U-turn, thereby the entrance of aquatic species into the intake watercourse can be prevented.

Abstract: A system for controlling the operation of a numerically controlled machine tool used for cutting threads on workpieces, in which means are provided so that the quality of the products may not be adversely affected even when the thread cutting operation is interrupted for some reasons incidental to the thread cutting.

Abstract: A MOS logic circuit includes a source follower circuit arrangement consisting of a driver MOS element, in addition to a transfer MOS element, an inverter MOS element and a load MOS element. The transfer MOS element receives input signals at its source and produces output signals at its drain, the output signals being applied to the gate of the driver MOS element contained within the source follower circuit arrangement. The resulting output signals developed at the source of the driver MOS element are supplied to the inverter MOS element. This permits the slice or boundary level between the logical 1 and 0 to be higher than the given threshold level of the MOS elements.