Abstract: An optical disk has a lead-in region provided at the inner circumference side and a user region provided at the outer circumference side. Pit string 3 of pits of different depths-is-formed-in-the-lead-in-region. Light beam reflected from the pit string is detected by detector and TPP and RF signals are output by differential amplifier and addition amplifier. A ternary signal is restored from pits based on the TPP and RF signals. Information is recorded by pits of the same depth in the user region. Recording information in the depth direction in the lead-in region increases the recording capacity thereof The information recorded in the depth direction in the lead-in region cannot be transferred to a user region of another optical disk.

Abstract: An intake device for an internal combustion engine includes a throttle body (1) that forms an intake passage (1a). A throttle valve (2) is arranged within the intake passage. A pipe member (26) is connected to the throttle body, wherein the pipe member forms a communication passage (26a) communicating with the intake passage. An engagement device (53,63; 85,87; 92,63) is provided between the throttle body and the pipe member. The engagement device includes at least one engagement protrusion (53; 85; 92) and at least one engagement recess (63; 87M). When the engagement protrusion and the engagement recess are engaged with each other, detachment of the throttle body and the pipe member from each other is restricted. The assembly process is simplified by a lack of separate components such as clamps and bolts, relying instead upon a typical snap-fit connection.

Abstract: On an optical disk, a string of a plurality of pits having two different depths is formed. Quantity of light reflected from the pit string is detected by a photoreceptor element, and based on the detected quantity of reflected light, a pit depth detecting unit detects depth of each pit. Based on the detected quantity of reflected light, a servo signal generating unit generates a tracking servo signal. An output control unit supplies the generated tracking servo signal when a pit of such depth that is to be reproduced is tracked, and holds and supplies an immediately preceding tracking servo signal when a pit of different depth is being tracked, based on the result of detection by the pit depth detecting unit.

Abstract: A control system and method of controlling a battery powered heating device such as a soldering or desoldering tool that includes a control circuit to control the delivery of power to a cartridge heating tip and to cycle the power to the cartridge heating tip during times of no use so as to minimize the amount of power expended to maintain the device in a ready or usable state.

Abstract: An improved brake system is provided for a vehicle including at least front and rear wheels. The brake system comprises a braking force generating mechanism, a brake lever assembly and a foot-operated brake pedal. The brake force generating mechanism applies a braking force to at least a front wheel or a rear wheel of the vehicle. The brake lever assembly includes a hand-operated lever and a force actuator. The force actuator moves between at least first and second positions so as to selectively actuate the brake force generating mechanism to produce a braking force. The force actuator interacts with the hand-operated lever such that movement of the hand-operated lever moves the force actuator from the first position to at least the second position. The force actuator also interacts with the brake pedal, which are coupled together by a cable. Movement the brake pedal also moves the force actuator from the first position to the second position.

Abstract: On an optical disc including a substrate on which pits having at least two different depths are formed, main information is recorded by the shape of the pits and additional information is recorded by the depth of the pit. It is possible to reverse polarity of a tangential push-pull signal dependent on the depth of the pit, and therefore it becomes possible to record information utilizing the depth of the pit. This improves recording density of the optical disc. Further, when information of the optical disc is to be copied, the information recorded by the depth of the pit cannot be copied. Therefore, unauthorized reproduction can be prevented.

Abstract: An optical disk has a lead-in region provided at the inner circumference side and a user region provided at the outer circumference side. Pit string 3 of pits of different depths is formed in the lead-in region. Light beam reflected from the pit string is detected by detector and TPP and RF signals are output by differential amplifier and addition amplifier. A ternary signal is restored from pits based on the TPP and RF signals. Information is recorded by pits of the same depth in the user region. Recording information in the depth direction in the lead-in region increases the recording capacity thereof. The information recorded in the depth direction in the lead-in region cannot be transferred to a user region of another optical disk.

Abstract: In an air intake apparatus of an internal combustion engine, disassembling a surge tank made of resin with an intake air control valve into divided pieces, and bonding the divided pieces by vibration adhesion, for preventing the intake air control valve from breaking or characteristic thereof from changing during the vibration adhesion or for ensuring a sealing property between parts, an inner space in the surge tank is divided into first and second chambers by providing a horizontal partitioning wall within the surge tank. The surge tank is divided into a middle piece made of resin and formed integrally with the partitioning wall, a lower piece made of resin, and an upper piece also made of resin, and these three pieces are bonded by the vibration adhesion to form the surge tank. A communicating hole for making the first chamber communicate with the second chamber is formed in the partitioning wall, and a valve body for opening and closing the communication hole is provided in the communicating hole.

Abstract: An apparatus for valve-gate injection molding producing an annular molded product having a center through-hole has a valve gate with a simplified structure. The apparatus includes a movable mold member having a first center bore extending in an axial direction, a stationary mold member having a second center bore corresponding to the first bore and providing a product cavity forming the annular molded product between the mold members, a nozzle mounted on the stationary mold member and having a resin supply route having an opening communicating with the second bore, a valve pin extending in the resin supply route and movable between a closing position for closing the opening and an opening position for opening the opening, a center pin movably arranged in the first bore and having a tip surface in contact with a tip surface of the valve pin, and a driving mechanism driving the center pin in the axial direction.

Abstract: A small vehicle features a drive system that directs power from an engine unit to at least one driven wheel. The driven wheel is connected to a half shaft. The half shaft is driven by a ring gear. The ring gear is driven by a pinion gear. The pinion gear is connected to a longitudinally extending drive shaft. The pinion gear is axially adjustable along the rotational axis of the drive shaft relative to the ring gear. The pinion gear is not substantially axially adjustable relative to a cover member the partially defines a gear housing. The cover member is adjustably secured to the balance of the gear housing through a shim. The shim can be exchanged for varied shim sizes to effect proper meshing between the pinion gear and the ring gear.

Abstract: An aberration measuring apparatus has a converging lens L disposed on the light path of light beam to converge light beam traveling through a measurement target optical system PL on a predetermined surface IP, an aperture stop AP disposed on the light path of light beam to transmit a part of the light beams, a converging position detection unit DET disposed on the predetermined surface to detect a positional deviation of a converging position P of a part of the light beams traveling through the aperture stop on the predetermined surface IP, a moving unit M connected the aperture stop to move the aperture stop within the light beam, and an arithmetic processing unit connected the converging position detection unit to calculate an aberration of the measurement target optical system PL on the basis of an output signal from the converging position detection unit DET.

Abstract: On an optical disc including a substrate on which pits having at least two different depths are formed, main information is recorded by the shape of the pits and additional information is recorded by the depth of the pit. It is possible to reverse polarity of a tangential push-pull signal dependent on the depth of the pit, and therefore it becomes possible to record information utilizing the depth of the pit. This improves recording density of the optical disc. Further, when information of the optical disc is to be copied, the information recorded by the depth of the pit cannot be copied. Therefore, unauthorized reproduction can be prevented.

Abstract: On an optical disc including a substrate on which pits having at least two different depths are formed, main information is recorded by the shape of the pits and additional information is recorded by the depth of the pit. It is possible to reverse polarity of a tangential push-pull signal dependent on the depth of the pit, and therefore it becomes possible to record information utilizing the depth of the pit. This improves recording density of the optical disc. Further, when information of the optical disc is to be copied, the information recorded by the depth of the pit cannot be copied. Therefore, unauthorized reproduction can be prevented.

Abstract: In an air intake apparatus of an internal combustion engine, disassembling a surge tank made of resin with an intake air control valve into divided pieces, and bonding the divided pieces by vibration adhesion, for preventing the intake air control valve from breaking or characteristic thereof from changing during the vibration adhesion or for ensuring a sealing property between parts, an inner space in the surge tank is divided into first and second chambers by providing a horizontal partitioning wall within the surge tank. The surge tank is divided into a middle piece made of resin and formed integrally with the partitioning wall, a lower piece made of resin, and an upper piece also made of resin, and these three pieces are bonded by the vibration adhesion to form the surge tank. A communicating hole for making the first chamber communicate with the second chamber is formed in the partitioning wall, and a valve body for opening and closing the communication hole is provided in the communicating hole.

Abstract: An intake device for an internal combustion engine includes a throttle body (1) that forms an intake passage (1a). A throttle valve (2) is arranged within the intake passage. A pipe member (26) is connected to the throttle body, wherein the pipe member forms a communication passage (26a) communicating with the intake passage. An engagement device (53,63; 85,87; 92,63) is provided between the throttle body and the pipe member. The engagement device includes at least one engagement protrusion (53; 85; 92) and at least one engagement recess (63; 87M). When the engagement protrusion and the engagement recess are engaged with each other, detachment of the throttle body and the pipe member from each other is restricted. The assembly process is simplified by a lack of separate components such as clamps and bolts, relying instead upon a typical snap-fit connection.

Abstract: An optical device to control the output power of a laser on recording and reproduction without expensive high-speed circuits is provided. The optical disk device of the present invention comprises monitor portion for monitoring the power of laser light, averaged light quantity calculating portion for calculating the averaged light quantity of the power of the laser light, memory portion for memorizing the averaged light quantity, error quantity calculated portion for calculating the difference between the output signals of the averaged light quantity calculating portion and the memory portion, and laser power control portion for controlling the power of the laser light in response to the output signal from the error quantity calculating portion.

Abstract: On an optical disc including a substrate on which pits having at least two different depths are formed, main information is recorded by the shape of the pits and additional information is recorded by the depth of the pit. It is possible to reverse polarity of a tangential push-pull signal dependent on the depth of the pit, and therefore it becomes possible to record information utilizing the depth of the pit. This improves recording density of the optical disc. Further, when information of the optical disc is to be copied, the information recorded by the depth of the pit cannot be copied. Therefore, unauthorized reproduction can be prevented.

Abstract: A photomask including a substrate comprised of fluorite (calcium fluoride (CaF2)) and protective films comprised of chrome (Cr), chromium oxide (Cro), silicon oxide (SiO2 or SiO), etc. and formed at regions, other than the pattern region where the pattern to be transferred is formed, which contact other members when transporting the photomask or using it for exposure.

Abstract: A small vehicle features a drive system that directs power from an engine unit to at least one driven wheel. The driven wheel is connected to a half shaft. The half shaft is driven by a ring gear. The ring gear is driven by a pinion gear. The pinion gear is connected to a longtinudinally extending drive shaft. The pinion gear is axially adjustable along the rotational axis of the drive shaft relative to the ring gear. The pinion gear is not substantially axially adjustable relative to a cover member the partially defines a gear housing. The cover member is adjustably secured to the balance of the gear housing through a shim.

Abstract: An optical recording medium capable of obtaining a large reproduced signal from the recoded mark, a large reproduced signal of a pre-pit and a large tracking signal both in an area of the grooves and an area of the pre-pits, which provides a sufficient time allowance for switching tracking to that suitable for the area of the grooves or to that suitable for the area of the pre-pits. An optical recording medium comprising a substrate whereon tracks each comprising at least of writable grooves and pre-pits deeper than or equal to the grooves are formed and areas of a relatively shallow pits are each provided between an area of the deep pits and an area of the grooves. The depth Dg of the grooves, the depth Dsp of the shallow pits and the depth Ddp of the deep pits satisfy the following conditions: Dg<&lgr;/(8n), &lgr;/(8n)<Ddp<&lgr;/(4n) and Dg≦Dsp<Ddp. Tracking method is switched over in the shallow pit area when recording or reproducing information on the optical recoding medium.