Abstract: An optical disk has a lead-in region provided at the inner circumference side and a user region provided at the outer circumference side. Pit string 3 of pits of different depths is formed in the lead-in region. Light beam reflected from the pit string is detected by detector and TPP and RF signals are output by differential amplifier and addition amplifier. A ternary signal is restored from pits based on the TPP and RF signals. Information is recorded by pits of the same depth in the user region. Recording information in the depth direction in the lead-in region increases the recording capacity thereof. The information recorded in the depth direction in the lead-in region cannot be transferred to a user region of another optical disk.

Abstract: There is provided an intermediation control apparatus that carries out intermediation control while securing reliability of the system by protection of information. An extraction section (disclosure information-extracting section) determines a range of personal information of a user, for disclosure, based on a kind of request information sent from the user, and extracts the range of personal information from the personal information. A transaction section (disclosure information-extracting section) makes the extracted range of personal information and contents of a request available to the service provider.

Abstract: On an optical disk, a string of a plurality of pits having two different depths is formed. Quantity of light reflected from the pit string is detected by a photoreceptor element, and based on the detected quantity of reflected light, a pit depth detecting unit detects depth of each pit. Based on the detected quantity of reflected light, a servo signal generating unit generates a tracking servo signal. An output control unit supplies the generated tracking servo signal when a pit of such depth that is to be reproduced is tracked, and holds and supplies an immediately preceding tracking servo signal when a pit of different depth is being tracked, based on the result of detection by the pit depth detecting unit.

Abstract: An accelerator pedal device has a bracket having a pin, a pedal arm turnably supported by the bracket through the pin, a return spring arranged to surround the pin for biasing the pedal arm, and an accelerator-opening sensor mounted on the bracket. An engaging portion is disposed at the leading end of the pedal arm, a rotor of the accelerator-opening sensor and the engaging portion are associated through the crank mechanism. As a driver depresses the accelerator pedal, the pedal arm turns on the pin, by the action of the crank mechanism engaging with the engaging portion it the leading end of the pedal arm, the rotor of the accelerator-opening sensor is rotated, and a voltage signal according to the depression stroke is outputted from the accelerator-opening sensor.

Abstract: The semiconductor image sensor device of the multiple chip mount type is constructed such that electrical and mechanical connections are carried out concurrently among chips. Coupling chips 4 are utilized to couple a plurality of semiconductor image sensor chips 1 with each other, and the couple one semiconductor image sensor chip 1 to a driver substrate 3 which mounts thereon a semiconductor driving chip 2 for driving the semiconductor image sensor chips 1.

Abstract: A vibration reduction device includes a vibration detection unit for detecting nonlinear vibrations of the optical axis in an image taking optical system of an image taking apparatus, a vibration reduction drive unit for moving some or all components of the image taking optical system relative to the image taking frame of the image taking apparatus, and a vibration reduction control unit for extracting regularity from the time series detection outputs from the vibration detection unit, predicting the time series output waveform of the vibration on the basis of the extracted regularity, and driving the vibration reduction drive unit on the basis of the prediction result.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises at least two semiconductor elements connected together at a connecting region of the semiconductor elements. At least one joint chip is adhered to the connection region of the semiconductor elements for connecting the semiconductor elements together. The joint chip has a trapezoidal cross-section defining a first surface and a second surface wider than the first surface. The second surface of the joint chip is adhered to the connection region of the semiconductor elements.

Abstract: A snowmobile having a lightweight fabricated frame assembly. The frame assembly includes a number of reinforcing elements, some of which comprise heat exchangers for the liquid cooling system of the engine, so as to provide high rigidity and light weight. The engine of the snowmobile is provided with an exhaust system that permits a relatively short effective length, but minimizes pulse-back effects by forming internal expansion chambers around the exhaust branch pipes. The drive for the snowmobile includes a reversing transmission and a brake assembly associated therewith in addition to a main brake assembly for the snowmobile. Furthermore, there is provided a parking brake assembly that is easy to operate and which will provide the operator with a visual and physical warning of its condition so that the operator will not attempt to operate the snowmobile with the parking brake engaged.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an ignition coil for an internal combustion engine which includes a first case which has at least an opening portion at its bottom, a primary winding and a secondary winding which are received in the first case, a secondary terminal which is electrically connected to the secondary winding and placed within the first case in the vicinity of the opening portion at the bottom of the first case, and a second case which has a cover portion connected with the opening portion at the bottom of the first case, and which has a cylindrical portion extending from the cover portion. The ignition coil further includes a high-tension terminal which has a shaft held on a central axis of the cylindrical portion of the second case, and which is electrically connected to the secondary terminal. Then, a synthetic resin is filled in the first case and the second case connected therewith so as to fix and insulate the primary winding, secondary winding, secondary terminal and high-tension terminal.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of connected microgel particles. According to the process, starting microgel particles having particle sizes of 100-0.01 .mu.m and a particle size distribution whose standard deviation is not greater than 100% of a mean particle size of the starting microgel particles are dispersed in a matrix component. The starting microgel particles are soaked with a monomer. The monomer is then polymerized, whereby the starting microgels are connected together. Also disclosed is an article comprising a base material and a layer of such connected microgel particles formed on a surface of the base material.

Abstract: The semiconductor image sensor device of the multiple chip mount type is constructed such that electrical and mechanical connections are carried out concurrently among chips. Coupling chips 4 are utilized to couple a plurality of semiconductor image sensor chips 1 with each other, and the couple one semiconductor image sensor chip 1 to a driver substrate 3 which mounts thereon a semiconductor driving chip 2 for driving the semiconductor image sensor chips 1.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an ignition coil for use in an internal combustion engine. The ignition coil includes a core and a bobbin in which at least a part of the core is received. Primary and secondary windings are wound around the bobbin. A secondary terminal is mounted on the bobbin, and a high-tension terminal is mounted on a housing. The secondary terminal is formed in a Y-letter shape with its body portion and a pair of leg portions. The high-tension terminal is formed with a recess, in which the leg portions of the secondary terminal are received. Each of the leg portions has a projection which is biased to contact with the inner surface of the recess.

Abstract: A process for fabricating a semiconductor device which permits the placement of plural semiconductor chip devices at a reduced pitch comprises the steps of bonding a plurality of semiconductor chip devices to a substrate, forming a conductive thin film on the substrate to cover at least connecting regions of the semiconductor chip devices, and patterning the conductive thin film using an excimer laser to form interconnections between the respective semiconductor chip devices. The conductive thin film is formed by a method selected from physical vapor deposition and chemical vapor deposition. The step of bonding the semiconductor chip devices to a substrate is preferably performed using an epoxy-based adhesive. Preferably, an insulating film is formed on the plural semiconductor chip devices in regions except for the connection regions. Patterning of the conductive thin film is performed using an excimer laser beam emitted in two pulses at an output energy of 300 mJ/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: The present invention provides a throttle valve opening degree sensor for detecting the opening degree of a throttle valve used for an internal combustion engine wherein a rotor shaft capable of interlocking with a throttle valve has a cylindrical covering portion having an outer circumferential cylindrical body at the outer end, the cylindrical covering portion covering the outer end of the bearing portion exposed to the base portion of the housing and having an elastic engaging portion having cross-like splitted grooves at the top end and a square outer periphery, and the rotor has a square engaging hole capable of fitting the elastic engaging portion, the elastic engaging portion being fitted to and elastically abutted against the engaging hole thereby securing the rotor to the rotor shaft.

Abstract: In a multi-track magnetic signal reproducing apparatus, a plurality of MR heads including MR (Magneto Resistance Effect) elements are provided correspondingly to tracks on a magnetic tape. At the time of reproduction, constant current from a constant current power supply is sequentially supplied as pulse-shaped current for detecting a signal to each MR element by a switching operation by switch in response to a prescribed clock signal, and output voltage from each MR element related to reproduction of a magnetic signal on a corresponding track is sequentially provided to one input side of a differential amplifier. In differential amplifier, the offset voltage of each MR element provided to the other input side and the above-described output voltage are differentially amplified and only voltage due to the reproducing magnetic signal of each track is accurately extracted.

Abstract: A digital data detector samples a signal at twice the data rate and calculates a phase interval from a zero crossing point to the current sampling point. The phase of the current sampling point is predicted based on the phase of a sampling point located before the current sampling point, the phase of a sampling point located at least two points before the current sampling point, and a zero crossing detection signal. A predicted error is calculated between a calculated phase interval and a predicted current phase. The frequency band of the predicted error is limited, and the phase of the current sampling point is calculated according to the band-limited predicted error, the predicted current phase, and the zero crossing detection signal. A data detection clock is detected in synchronization with a received digital data according to the calculated phase of each sampling point. A digital data value is detected using the phase interval, the calculated current phase, and sampling data.

Abstract: A flow rate control valve reduced in size and improved in mountability has a structure comprising a communicating passage which has openings on opposite ends and includes valve seats which surround the respective openings, an outflow port which communicates with an intermediate portion of the communicating passage, a first valve disk disposed at a corresponding position to one of the valve seats, a diaphragm connected to the first valve disk, a diaphragm chamber formed on one side of the diaphragm, a spring which urges the first valve disk in the valve closing direction, a second valve disk disposed at a corresponding position to the other valve seat, an electromagnetic solenoid which opens/closes the second valve disk, a valve chamber formed around the second valve disk, and an inflow port which communicates with the diaphragm chamber and the valve chamber.

Abstract: A method of and system for controlling the speed of a motor vehicle based on a control characteristic so that the speed of the vehicle follows a target speed. The system estimates a dynamic characteristic of the motor vehicle to adjust the control characteristic when the motor vehicle is under a cruising control. The system includes a sensor for detecting a speed of the motor vehicle and a sensor for detecting an operating position of an actuator which adjusts a travelling speed of the motor vehicle. In the system, the detected vehicle speed and actuator operating position are converted into data in terms of an imaginary operating point. The imaginary operating point remains constant because it is not affected by variations of a static characteristic of the motor vehicle. The dynamic characteristic of the motor vehicle is estimated on the basis of the conversion data. This arrangement can accurately estimate the dynamic characteristic of the motor vehicle.

Abstract: A digital receive signal is sampled by an A/D converter, and the position of a point at which the receive signal crosses a reference level is obtained in response to sampling data by an exclusive OR gate. A phase interval between the present sampling point and the point at which the receive signal crosses the reference level is obtained by an arithmetic circuit, and the phase of the present sampling point is obtained in accordance with the position of the crossing point, the phase interval P between the present sampling point and the crossing point obtained by arithmetic circuit, the phase of a preceding sampling point obtained by an I-bit parallel delay circuit, and the phase of a sampling point which is two points preceding to the present sampling point and obtained by an I-bit j-stage parallel delay circuit.

Abstract: An ignition coil for internal combustion engines including a primary core formed in a shape of rectangular ring and fixed on the inner peripheral edge of the bottom wall of a casing, a secondary core having a main portion of which is formed in a shape of straight beam, a primary winding assembly having a primary bobbin formed on the main portion of the secondary core, and a secondary winding assembly. Both winding assemblies are housed in an internal space of the casing, and a synthetic resin is filled in the internal space of the casing and cured. In the side wall of the casing is formed a rectangular opening portion which opens at the top end; and on the primary bobbin a rectangular closing member is formed integrally therewith. When the opening portion of the casing is closed with the closing member, both end faces in the longitudinal direction of the secondary core formed in the primary bobbin face to the inside peripheral surfaces of the primary core.