Abstract: An electronic device includes a control circuit and a bus interface. The control circuit packs a plurality of commands in a compound command frame. The bus interface communicates with another electronic device via a bus between the electronic device and the another electronic device, and packs the compound command frame in a single packet and transmits the single packet over the bus.

Abstract: Examples of efficient MAC address storage are described, including methods and an apparatus. A method may involve obtaining a plurality of identifications associated with one or more applications executed on a computing apparatus, with each identification of the plurality of identifications different from one another. The method may also involve storing an identification entry representative of the plurality of identifications associated with the one or more applications. The identification entry may require an amount of memory space for storage less than an amount of memory space required to store the plurality of identifications associated with the one or more applications. The plurality of identifications may be a plurality of MAC addresses. The one or more applications may be one or more virtual machines.

Abstract: An electronic device has a management data input/output (MDIO) bus, a control unit, and an MDIO master. The control circuit receives a host command from a host device, and outputs a plurality of MDIO commands in response to the host command. The MDIO master receives the MDIO commands from the control circuit, and transmits the MDIO commands to the MDIO bus.

Abstract: A table lookup apparatus has a content-addressable memory (CAM) based device and a first cache. The CAM based device is used to store at least one table. The first cache is coupled to the CAM based device, and used to cache at least one input search key of the CAM based device and at least one corresponding search result. Besides, the table lookup apparatus may further includes a plurality of second caches and an arbiter. Each second cache is used to cache at least one input search key of the CAM based device and at least one corresponding search result. The arbiter is coupled between the first cache and each of the second caches, and used to arbitrate access of the first cache between the second caches.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for performing copy back operations. First, a copy back command is sent to a flash memory for reading a first error correction code (ECC) data from a first address. The first ECC data is then received from the flash memory. The first ECC data is then decoded without performing error correction to calculate a fail count of the first ECC data. The fail count is then compared with a first threshold value. When the fail count is less than the first threshold value, a first program command is sent to the flash memory for storing the first ECC data to a second address of the flash memory. When the fail count is less than the first threshold value, the first ECC data is not sent back to the flash memory.

Abstract: A flash memory device includes a memory array and a memory control circuit. The memory array includes memory modules. Each memory module is located in a memory channel and includes a predetermined number of memory cells. The memory control circuit is coupled to the memory array via an address latch enable (ALE) pin and a command latch enable (CLE) pin. The ALE pin and the CLE pin are coupled to all of the memory cells and shared by all of the memory cells in the memory array.

Abstract: A system and method for printing a visible image onto an optical disc through tuning a driving signal of an optical pick-up unit are disclosed. The system includes a driving circuit, coupled to the optical pick-up unit, for providing a driving signal to drive the optical pick-up unit; and an adjusting circuit, coupled to the driving circuit, for controlling the driving circuit to adjust the driving signal according to a rotation source signal corresponding to a rotation of the optical disc.

Abstract: Disclosed is a clock generator for generating a target clock signal, which includes: a control circuit, receiving a reference clock signal, and for generating a clock enable signal and a delay selecting signal according to the reference clock signal; a delay module, coupled to the control circuit, for delaying the reference clock signal according to the delay selecting signal to generate a delayed reference clock signal; and a clock gating unit, coupled to the delay module and the control circuit, for receiving the delayed reference clock signal and the clock enable signal, and for passing the delayed reference clock signal according to the clock enable signal, to generate the target clock signal.

Abstract: Methods for updating and recovering user data of a non-volatile memory array such as a flash memory are disclosed. An indication for indicating a mapping relationship for a logical address is established when original user data of the logical addresses is updated into new user data. The indication records new pointers, which record the mapping relationships between logical addresses and physical addresses storing the new user data of the logical addresses. Alternatively, the indication records memory positions of the non-volatile memory array which are defined as designated memory positions and a sequence for using these designated memory positions.

Abstract: A method of managing data access of a storage medium includes establishing an address mapping table to record a physical address of a first data stored in the storage medium, where the physical address of the first data is mapped to a logical address of the first data; and when receiving a command for handling the first data stored in the storage medium internally, processing the address mapping table to serve the command without physically accessing the first data stored in the storage medium.

Abstract: Disclosed is a clock generator for generating a target clock signal, which includes: a control circuit, receiving a reference clock signal, and for generating a clock enable signal and a delay selecting signal according to the reference clock signal; a delay module, coupled to the control circuit, for delaying the reference clock signal according to the delay selecting signal to generate a delayed reference clock signal; and a clock gating unit, coupled to the delay module and the control circuit, for receiving the delayed reference clock signal and the clock enable signal, and for passing the delayed reference clock signal according to the clock enable signal, to generate the target clock signal.

Abstract: A clock generator for generating a target clock signal, comprising: a control circuit, receiving a reference clock signal, and for generating a clock enable signal and a delay selecting signal according to the reference clock signal; a delay module, coupled to the control circuit, for delaying the reference clock signal according to the delay selecting signal to generate a delayed reference clock signal; and a clock gating unit, coupled to the delay module and the control circuit, for receiving the delayed reference clock signal and the clock enable signal, and for passing the delayed reference clock signal according to the clock enable signal, to generate the target clock signal.

Abstract: A system including a pulse generating module and a processing module is disclosed. The pulse generating module generates a target signal. The processing module outputs a processing signal according to the target signal. Throughput of the target signal exceeds throughput of the processing signal.

Abstract: A system and method of controlling data recording process of optical recording medium in a sequential writing are described. The control system comprises an information unit, a data-preparing unit and a recording controller. The information unit generates an information signal. The data-preparing unit prepares the data for recording. The data is then transformed into a writing signal according to the information signal. The recording controller controls the data-preparing unit to adjust the writing signal while acquiring the information signal during a sequential writing. Thus, the recording controller adjusts the writing signal according to the information signal. The data-preparing unit outputs the adjusted writing signal having desired recording area and undesired recording area and the adjusted writing signal is recorded on the optical recording medium during the sequential writing. The adjusted writing signal is outputted to OPU. The OPU performs a recording process of the optical recording medium.

Abstract: The invention provides a flash device. In one embodiment, the flash device comprises a first NAND flash integrated circuit, a second NAND flash integrated circuit, and a control integrated circuit. The control integrated circuit generates a plurality of first access signals with first timings to access the first NAND flash IC, and generates a plurality of second access signals with second timings to access the second NAND flash IC, wherein the first timings are different from the second timings. The first NAND flash integrated circuit then accesses data stored therein according to the first access signals. The second NAND flash integrated circuit then accesses data stored therein according to the second access signals.

Abstract: A memory system is provided. A memory device includes multiple memory cells for storing data. A controller is coupled to the memory device for accessing the memory device. When reading the data stored in a memory cell, the controller receives a digital signal representing content of the data stored in the memory cell, and detects a level of a voltage or conducted current of the memory cell according to the digital signal to obtain the content of the data.

Abstract: A clock generator for generating a first target clock signal includes: a control circuit, receiving a reference clock signal, and for generating a first clock enable signal and a first delay selecting signal according to the reference clock signal; a first clock gating unit, coupled to the control circuit, for receiving the reference clock signal and the first clock enable signal, and for passing the reference clock signal according to the first clock enable signal to generate a first clock gated signal; and a first delay module, coupled to the first clock gating unit, for delaying the first clock gated signal according to the first delay selecting signal to generate the first target clock signal.

Abstract: This invention provides an optical storage device for recording a plurality of data onto an optical storage medium. If recording interrupted, the optical storage device generates a data-interrupted address, and re-connects the interrupted data with a data re-connecting physical address. The optical storage device comprises a physical addressing module, a record-interrupt generator, a data recording controller, a data-interrupt address generator and a data-reconnecting physical address generator. The physical addressing module provides a reference physical address for recording data onto the optical storage medium. When detecting the interrupt of data recording, the data-interrupt address generator generates the address of the interrupted data. According to the address of the interrupted data, the data-reconnecting physical address generator generates a data-reconnecting physical address.

Abstract: A clock generator for generating a target clock signal, comprising: a control circuit, receiving a reference clock signal, and for generating a clock enable signal and a delay selecting signal according to the reference clock signal; a delay module, coupled to the control circuit, for delaying the reference clock signal according to the delay selecting signal to generate a delayed reference clock signal; and a clock gating unit, coupled to the delay module and the control circuit, for receiving the delayed reference clock signal and the clock enable signal, and for passing the delayed reference clock signal according to the clock enable signal, to generate the target clock signal.

Abstract: The invention discloses an error-correcting apparatus for decoding an input signal by using a Viterbi algorithm to generate a Viterbi-decoded signal, including an erasure unit and a decoder. The erasure unit is configured to generate at least one logic signal according to at least one path metric difference of path metrics in the Viterbi algorithm, and generate erasure information, wherein the erasure information indicates data reliability of at least one location of the Viterbi-decoded signal. The decoder is configured to decode the Viterbi-decoded signal according to the erasure information.