Abstract: A method and system for VCO with switchable varactor for low KVCO variation is provided. Aspects of a method for controlling a signal may comprise controlling an oscillating frequency of a time varying signal in a circuit, and controlling a change in the oscillating frequency based on switching of a plurality of varactors. The switching of the varactors may control a change in the oscillating frequency based on a control voltage. The method may further comprise minimizing a change in the rate of change in the oscillating frequency based on the switching of the varactors. Aspects of a system for controlling a signal may comprise circuitry that controls an oscillating frequency of a time varying signal in a circuit, and circuitry that controls a change in the oscillating frequency based on switching of a plurality of varactors. An executable computer program may cause a machine to execute steps as described above.

Abstract: A multi-modulus divider for high speed applications is provided and may comprise a multistage divider generating a divided signal from an output portion of a divider module for a current stage. The divided signal may be fed back to an input portion of the divider module in the current stage via a reduced feedback delay path. If the input portion of the divider module in the current stage is coupled to the divider module in a previous stage, a first load signal may be communicated from the divider module in the current stage to the divider module in the previous stage. If the divider module in the current stage is coupled to the divider module in the previous stage, the method may further comprise receiving the divided signal from the divider module in the previous stage.

Abstract: A low phase noise crystal oscillator with supply noise filtering is provided and may comprise receiving an input voltage at a positive potential input of an oscillator circuit, which may comprise an oscillator core and a buffer coupled to an output of the oscillator core. Noise caused by the input voltage that may affect the buffer may be filtered using a resistor coupled between the positive potential input of the oscillator circuit and the input voltage, and a capacitor coupled between the positive potential input of the oscillator circuit and a ground of the oscillator circuit. The noise may be filtered via a low pass filter, which may comprise at least the resistor and the capacitor. A cutoff frequency may be selected for the low pass filter, and a resistance value for the resistor and a capacitance value for the capacitor may be selected appropriately.

Abstract: A linearized oscillation synthesizer includes a phase and frequency detection module, charge pump circuit, low pass filter, voltage control oscillator, and a feedback module. The phase and frequency detection module is operably coupled to produce a charge-up signal, a charge-down signal, and an off signal based on phase and/or frequency differences between a reference oscillation and a feedback oscillation. The reference oscillation is generated by a clock source such as a crystal oscillator while the divider module generates the feedback oscillation by dividing the output oscillation by a divider value. The charge pump circuit produces a positive current in response to the charge-up signal, a negative current in response to the charge-down signal and also produces a non-zero offset current. The non-zero offset current shifts the steady state operating condition, and other operating conditions, of the charge pump into a linear region of charge pump performance curve.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the present invention described and shown in the specification and drawings is a transceiver with a receiver, a transmitter, a local oscillator (LO) generator, a controller, and a self-testing unit. All of these components can be packaged for integration into a single IC including components such as filters and inductors. The controller for adaptive programming and calibration of the receiver, transmitter and LO generator. The self-testing unit generates is used to determine the gain, frequency characteristics, selectivity, noise floor, and distortion behavior of the receiver, transmitter and LO generator. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract which will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or the meaning of the claims.

Abstract: A varactor-based ring oscillator to produce an output signal and method therefore are disclosed. The ring oscillator includes a first phase shift circuit having a first pole. The ring oscillator also includes a second phase shift circuit having a second pole and a third phase shift circuit having a third pole. The output of the third phase shift circuit is cross-coupled to the input of the first phase shift circuit. A phase shift circuit of the ring oscillator includes a pole that has a varactor and generates phase shift for the phase shift circuit. The varactor can be adjusted or varied to tune, the phase shift, the phase shift circuit and the frequency of the oscillator. If the varactor is in the final phase shift circuit of the oscillator, the varactor is coupled to a diode that supplies voltage to the varactor. A voltage control signal is applied to the pole, and to the oscillator, to generate the output signal having a specified frequency.

Abstract: A data storage system including an array of storage devices and a storage controller is provided. The array of storage devices is configured to store information in the form of a plurality of stripes. The storage controller is configured to write a plurality of code words forming each stripe to the array of storage devices. The plurality of code words includes a plurality of data blocks and at least one redundancy block. K sets of parameters, which are generated based on a generator polynomial, are previously provided. The storage controller includes an encoder for generating the redundancy blocks according to the K sets of parameters. Once up to K storage devices in the array of storage devices are failed, the data storage system recovers the failed storage devices based on the K sets of parameters and the other un-failed blocks, wherein K can be larger than two.

Abstract: An oscillating circuit having a noise reduction circuit is disclosed. The noise reduction circuit is coupled to the current source for the oscillating circuit. The noise reduction circuit reduces a bias noise component from a bias current, and a supply noise component from a supply current. The noise reduction circuit is coupled to the current source at a gate and a supply for the current source. The noise reduction circuit includes a filter coupled to the gate of the current source that reduces the bias noise component. The noise reduction circuit also includes a degeneration circuit coupled to the supply of the current source that reduces the supply noise component. The current source generates an input signal to control the oscillating circuit with reduced noise.

Abstract: An oscillator that provides a quadrature output and has a cross-coupled configuration is disclosed. The oscillator generates an output signal having a frequency. Two phase shift circuits, or stages, are activated by a control signal to provide phase shifts within the oscillator. Each phase shift circuit includes poles to provide the phase shift.

Abstract: A Galois field multiplier is provided. The Galois field multiplier comprises a lookup table device and an operation circuit. Wherein, the lookup table device obtains a coefficient matrix W by looking up a multiplicator coefficient table based on a multiplicator S. The operation circuit is coupled to the lookup table device for receiving a multiplicand A and the coefficient matrix W to calculate a product of multiplication R. The multiplicator S, the multiplicand A, and the product of multiplication R all belong to a Galois field (GF, 2m). In the present invention, a coefficient matrix W is provided to the operation circuit by looking up the multiplicator coefficient table based on the multiplicator S. Accordingly, the present invention can simplify the operation circuit and reduce the calculating time by looking up the lookup table. Moreover, a multiplication method applied in the Galois field is also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus and method to use a single voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) to generate frequencies to cover multiple frequency bands. The single VCO generates local oscillator signals for more than one frequency band of a communication standard or protocol, such as the IEEE 802.11 standard.

Abstract: An apparatus method to provide a frequency synthesizer using a phase locked loop in a communication device to provide a particular frequency allocation to generate an output from the PLL. The synthesizer includes a phase locked loop (PLL) circuit that has a feedback loop. The feedback loop has a feedback divider circuit that provides an N integer division of an output signal from the PLL in the feedback loop to close loop with the reference signal at a front end of the PLL. A value for feedback factor N to be used in the N integer division is based on a particular channel frequency selected and in which the feedback factor N is selected to provide a highest reference frequency available from the plurality of reference frequencies to generate the reference signal.

Abstract: A linearized oscillation synthesizer includes a phase and frequency detection module, charge pump circuit, low pass filter, voltage control oscillator, and a feedback module. The phase and frequency detection module is operably coupled to produce a charge-up signal, a charge-down signal, and an off signal based on phase and/or frequency differences between a reference oscillation and a feedback oscillation. The reference oscillation is generated by a clock source such as a crystal oscillator while the divider module generates the feedback oscillation by dividing the output oscillation by a divider value. The charge pump circuit produces a positive current in response to the charge-up signal, a negative current in response to the charge-down signal and also produces a non-zero offset current. The non-zero offset current shifts the steady state operating condition, and other operating conditions, of the charge pump into a linear region of charge pump performance curve.

Abstract: An oscillator that provides a quadrature output and has a cross-coupled configuration is disclosed. The oscillator generates an output signal having a frequency. Two phase shift circuits, or stages, are activated by a control signal to provide phase shifts within the oscillator. Each phase shift circuit includes poles to provide the phase shift. A pole includes a varactor to tune, adjust or vary the phase shift accordingly.

Abstract: A linearized oscillation synthesizer includes a phase and frequency detection module, charge pump circuit, low pass filter, voltage control oscillator, and a feedback module. The phase and frequency detection module is operably coupled to produce a charge-up signal, a charge-down signal, and an off signal based on phase and/or frequency differences between a reference oscillation and a feedback oscillation. The reference oscillation is generated by a clock source such as a crystal oscillator while the divider module generates the feedback oscillation by dividing the output oscillation by a divider value. The charge pump circuit produces a positive current in response to the charge-up signal, a negative current in response to the charge-down signal and also produces a non-zero offset current. The non-zero offset current shifts the steady state operating condition, and other operating conditions, of the charge pump into a linear region of charge pump performance curve.

Abstract: A method for determining a peak value of a radio frequency (RF) signal begins by receiving an RF signal. The method continues by high pass filtering the RF signal to produce a first input. The method continues by rectifying the first input signal with respect to a rectifying input to produce a rectified signal. The method continues by low pass filtering the rectified signal to produce the peak value.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the present invention described and shown in the specification and drawings is a transceiver with a receiver, a transmitter, a local oscillator (LO) generator, a controller, and a self-testing unit. All of these components can be packaged for integration into a single IC including components such as filters and inductors. The controller for adaptive programming and calibration of the receiver, transmitter and LO generator. The self-testing unit generates is used to determine the gain, frequency characteristics, selectivity, noise floor, and distortion behavior of the receiver, transmitter and LO generator. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract which will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or the meaning of the claims.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the present invention described and shown in the specification and drawings is a transceiver with a receiver, a transmitter, a local oscillator (LO) generator, a controller, and a self-testing unit. All of these components can be packaged for integration into a single IC including components such as filters and inductors. The controller for adaptive programming and calibration of the receiver, transmitter and LO generator. The self-testing unit generates is used to determine the gain, frequency characteristics, selectivity, noise floor, and distortion behavior of the receiver, transmitter and LO generator. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract which will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or the meaning of the claims.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the present invention described and shown in the specification and drawings is a transceiver with a receiver, a transmitter, a local oscillator (LO) generator, a controller, and a self-testing unit. All of these components can be packaged for integration into a single IC including components such as filters and inductors. The controller for adaptive programming and calibration of the receiver, transmitter and LO generator. The self-testing unit generates is used to determine the gain, frequency characteristics, selectivity, noise floor, and distortion behavior of the receiver, transmitter and LO generator. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract which will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or the meaning of the claims.

Abstract: A varactor-based ring oscillator to produce an output signal and method therefore are disclosed. The ring oscillator includes a first phase shift circuit having a first pole. The ring oscillator also includes a second phase shift circuit having a second pole and a third phase shift circuit having a third pole. The output of the third phase shift circuit is cross-coupled to the input of the first phase shift circuit. A phase shift circuit of the ring oscillator includes a pole that has a varactor and generates phase shift for the phase shift circuit. The varactor can be adjusted or varied to tune, the phase shift, the phase shift circuit and the frequency of the oscillator. If the varactor is in the final phase shift circuit of the oscillator, the varactor is coupled to a diode that supplies voltage to the varactor. A voltage control signal is applied to the pole, and to the oscillator, to generate the output signal having a specified frequency.