Abstract: A method, device, and computer-readable medium for operating an electrical energy store is provided. The electrical energy store includes a storage cell for storing electrical energy and a control unit. State variables of the electrical energy store are detected. The state variables are transmitted to a computation unit outside of the electrical energy store. The electrical energy store is operated based on operating parameters provided by the computation unit.

Abstract: In a method for operating an electric vehicle, including an electrical drive device for driving the vehicle, a control device for controlling the driving of the vehicle, a first energy storage device for supplying the control device with a first DC voltage, a second energy storage device for supplying the drive device with a second DC voltage, and an energy supply unit providing an output DC voltage, the first energy storage device is connected to the energy supply unit via a converter device, the second energy storage device is connected to the energy supply unit, the converter device converts the output DC voltage into the first DC voltage, a first power flow from the first energy storage device to the second energy storage device is prevented and a second power flow from the second energy storage device to the first energy storage device is prevented.

Abstract: Systems and methods include presentation of a subset of a result set of items received from a remote system, reception of a command to perform an operation on all items of the result set while presenting the subset, and determination, in response to the command, of whether a total number of items in the result set exceeds a threshold value. If it is determined that the total number of items in the result set exceeds the threshold value, a first request is transmitted to the remote system to perform the operation on all items of the result set, where the first request includes filter values associated with the result set. If it is determined that the total number of items in the result set does not exceed the threshold value, a second request is transmitted to the remote system to perform the operation on all items of the result set, where the second request includes an identifier of each item of the result set.

Abstract: A method for diagnosis of a temperature control means (30) of a battery pack (10) that comprises a plurality of battery cells (20) and a plurality of temperature sensors for measuring temperatures of the individual battery cells (20), the battery cells (20) being arranged side by side in the battery pack (10), in a longitudinal direction (12) of the battery pack (10), and mechanically connected to each another, and the battery cells (20) being arranged on the temperature control means (30) and mechanically and thermally connected to it. A battery management system, and/or a battery pack (10) may be configured to execute the method. A vehicle may be fitted with a battery pack that carries out the method.

Abstract: A method for determining the capacity of an electrical energy storage unit with-in an electrical energy storage system having a plurality of electrical energy storage units is described, wherein the electrical energy storage system has at least one switching means which is configured to electrically disconnect the electrical energy storage unit, the capacity of which is being determined, from a current flow path of the electrical energy storage system in the charging and/or discharging direction and/or to electrically connect said electrical energy storage unit into the current flow path in the charging and/or discharging direction.

Abstract: The present application relates to a process for cracking a hydrocarbon feedstock, using to the largest extent electrically powered equipment where the power is obtained from renewable sources or low-carbon sources. In particular, it relates to a furnace for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feedstock, wherein the furnace comprises one or more tubes for transporting the hydrocarbon feedstock and dilution steam; and an electrically heated infrared emitter for transferring heat to the tubes. It also relates to a process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feedstock using infrared radiation.

Abstract: The present application relates to a process for cracking a hydrocarbon feedstock, using to the largest extent electrically powered equipment where the power is obtained from renewable sources or low-carbon sources. In particular, it relates to a process for cracking a hydrocarbon feedstock, including bringing the hydrocarbon feedstock and dilution steam to supersonic velocities in the reactor, followed by applying a shockwave to induce cracking of the hydrocarbon feedstock, to convert at least a part of the hydrocarbon mixture to produce olefins.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining a model error in a mathematical model of an electrical energy storage unit, which method comprises the following steps: a) providing a mathematical error model for determining the model error in the mathematical model, wherein the mathematical error model is provided in at least a two-part form, wherein a first model error of an open-circuit voltage curve of the mathematical model of the electrical energy storage unit is modelled by the first part of the error model, and a second model error of a voltage curve of the mathematical model is modelled on the basis of an electrical current by the second part of the error model; b) determining at least one current value, wherein the electrical current flows in the electrical energy storage unit; c) applying the determined current value to the mathematical error model as the input value for the mathematical error model; d) determining the model error of the mathematical model as an output value for the mathematical e

Abstract: A method for controlling a cell current limiting value for a battery management system. In some examples, the method includes determining quadratic reference currents of a battery cell; calculating a corresponding reference time constant for each reference current using a model for the calculation of a RMS value of a cell current by reference to a continuous current; constituting a diagram for the relationship between the reference time constant and the quadratic reference current; determining a predictive time constant by the comparison of a quadratic measured value of a cell current with the quadratic reference currents; calculating a predictive RMS limiting value of the cell current; calculating a first predictive limiting value for a short predictive time, a second predictive limiting value for a long predictive time, and a third predictive limiting value for a continuous predictive time; and calculating additional RMS limiting value for the cell current.

Abstract: A method for controlling a charging current limiting value for a battery management system. In one example, the method includes determining, for a measured temperature and a prescribed state of charge, reference currents for various time intervals; calculating a corresponding reference time constant for each reference current by using a model for the calculation of a mean value of a charging current based on a continuous current; constituting a diagram for the relationship between the reference time constant and the reference current; determining a predictive time constant by the comparison of a measured value of a charging current with the reference currents; calculating a predictive limiting mean value of the charging current; and calculating a first predictive limiting value ipredS for a short predictive time tpredS, a second predictive limiting value ipredL for a long predictive time tpredL, and a third predictive limiting value ipredP for a continuous predictive time.

Abstract: Method for balancing states of charge of an electrical energy store with a plurality of battery cells.

Abstract: A biogas plant includes a fermenter, a biogas processing unit and a thermal engine. The biogas processing unit includes a gas separation unit and a compression unit for the separation of raw biogas from the fermenter into two gas streams, whereby the first gas stream includes a product gas that is enriched in biomethane with respect to the composition of the raw biogas and the second gas stream includes a residual gas that is enriched with carbon dioxide with respect to the composition of the raw biogas and has a biomethane concentration of less than 20%. The thermal engine produces energy that is used for operation of the compression unit.

Abstract: Method for checking the plausibility of an electronic circuit for time measurement of an electrochemical energy storage system by means of a cooling behavior of at least one electrochemical energy store during non-use of the electrochemical energy store.

Abstract: The presented invention relates to a method for operating an electrical energy store, the ageing behaviour of which is estimated by means of an expected ageing profile, wherein a rapid-charging profile, which is to be used, of the electrical energy store is ascertained depending on a comparison between a detected state of ageing of the electrical energy store and a desired state of ageing, which is determined by means of the expected ageing profile, of the electrical energy store.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating an electrical energy store, comprising a storage cell for storing electrical energy and a control unit, wherein the control unit is designed to detect status variables of the electrical energy store, wherein status variables detected by the control unit are transmitted to a computer unit outside the electrical energy store, and wherein an operation of the electrical energy store occurs on the basis of operating parameters provided by the computer unit.

Abstract: A method for diagnosis of a temperature control means (30) of a battery pack (10) that comprises a plurality of battery cells (20) and a plurality of temperature sensors for measuring temperatures of the individual battery cells (20), the battery cells (20) being arranged side by side in the battery pack (10), in a longitudinal direction (12) of the battery pack (10), and mechanically connected to each another, and the battery cells (20) being arranged on the temperature control means (30) and mechanically and thermally connected to it. A battery management system, and/or a battery pack (10) may be configured to execute the method. A vehicle may be fitted with a battery pack that carries out the method.

Abstract: Method for balancing states of charge of an electrical energy store with a plurality of battery cells.

Abstract: Method for checking the plausibility of an electronic circuit for time measurement of an electrochemical energy storage system by means of a cooling behavior of at least one electrochemical energy store during non-use of the electrochemical energy store.

Abstract: A method for controlling a temperature of a battery cell (22, 24) in a battery module (20), the method comprising the steps of: determining an initial temperature of the battery cell (22, 24); measuring a current (I) flowing into or out of the battery cell (22, 24); determining an actual temperature gradient of the battery cell (22, 24) using a thermal battery cell model described by a differential equation, for which input values comprise at least the determined initial temperature and the measured current (I); comparing the determined actual temperature gradient of the battery cell (22, 24) with a pre-defined desired temperature gradient; and automatically adjusting the current (I) flowing into or out of the battery cell (22, 24) according to a result of the comparison.

Abstract: A method for estimating a current open-circuit voltage characteristic of a battery, comprising acquiring a portion of an actual open-circuit voltage characteristic of the battery, detecting or defining a significant point in the acquired portion of the actual open-circuit voltage characteristic, identifying a point, in a characteristic curve of an anode potential of the battery and/or in a characteristic curve of a cathode potential of the battery, that is associated with the significant point, shifting and/or scaling the characteristic curve of the anode potential and the characteristic curve of the cathode potential on the basis of the position of the significant point with respect of the associated point, until the acquired portion is simulated by combination of the shifted and/or scaled characteristic curves, and calculating the current open-circuit voltage characteristic on the basis of the shifted and/or scaled characteristic curves.