Abstract: Disclosed is a substrate processing method including: a pressurizing operation of raising a process pressure from a first pressure (P1) to a second pressure (P2) that is greater than the atmospheric pressure; a depressurizing operation of lowering the process pressure from a sixth pressure (P6), which is greater than the atmospheric pressure, to a seventh pressure (P7); and an annealing operation of changing the process pressure into a preset pressure change pattern between the pressurizing operation and the depressurizing operation, under a temperature atmosphere of a second temperature (T2) higher than the room temperature. A temperature raising operation of raising a temperature atmosphere from a first temperature (T1) to the second temperature (T2) is performed from a preset temperature raising start point (t1) to a preset temperature raising end point (t2) while the pressurizing operation is performed or after the pressurizing operation is performed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a tandem solar cell according to an aspect including: a silicon lower cell; a perovskite upper cell disposed on the silicon lower cell; and a bonding layer for bonding the silicon lower cell and the perovskite upper cell between the silicon lower cell and the perovskite upper cell, wherein the front surface portion of the silicon lower cell being in contact with the bonding layer includes a texture structure, the bonding layer includes a first transparent electrode layer formed on the sidewall of the texture structure, a buried layer filling concave portions of the texture structure on the first transparent electrode layer, and a second transparent electrode layer on top surfaces of the buried layer, the first transparent electrode layer and the texture structure.

Abstract: According to embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a tube filter production device including a tube filter exterior forming case into which one or more filter tows are introduced and from which a tubular rod formed from the one or more filter tows is discharged, a tube filter forming bar extending in an inner region of the tube filter exterior forming case in order to form a hollow of the tubular rod, and a steam chamber having at least one steam nozzle in communication with the inner region of the tube filter exterior forming case and configured to supply steam to the one or more filter tows through the steam nozzle, wherein the tube filter forming bar has a duct extending in a longitudinal direction of the tube filter forming bar and a flavoring nozzle formed in a downstream end region of the tube filter forming bar to deliver a flavoring liquid or a moisturizing liquid supplied through the duct to the hollow of the tubular rod.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and a method for creating a content page based on an intermediate language. The method includes the operations of: displaying a template for creating a page on a user interface (UI) screen; displaying a plurality of functional modules, classified by functions executable in the page, on the screen; inserting a function provided by at least one functional module set by a user, among the plurality of functional modules, and creating the page; creating a source file on the page on the basis of the predetermined intermediate language; and converting the source file into a programming language-based execution file of a type satisfying a service environment of the page.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrode active material, a method for manufacturing the same, and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same. A method for producing carbide using bean curd or waste bean curd according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of: drying bean curd or waste bean curd; thermally treating the dried bean curd or waste bean curd under an air atmosphere; and carbonizing the thermally treated bean curd or waste bean curd under an inert gas atmosphere.

Abstract: A vehicle grille includes: a grille panel; a lens panel disposed at a rear side of the grille panel, formed in a same shape as some or entire area of the grille panel, and, when a light is incident, configured to allow some of the light to propagate in the lens panel and emit some of the light to an outside of the lens panel; and a housing disposed on a rear surface of the lens panel, formed in a same shape as the lens panel, and including a coupling provision end portion configured to allow a front surface of the lens panel to be coupled to a rear surface of the grille panel at a front side of the lens panel, wherein the rear surface of the lens panel and a front surface of the housing are coupled at the front side of the lens panel.

Abstract: A vehicle grille includes: a grille panel; a lens panel disposed at a rear side of the grille panel, formed in a same shape as some or entire area of the grille panel, and, when a light is incident, configured to allow some of the light to propagate in the lens panel and emit some of the light to an outside of the lens panel; and a housing disposed on a rear surface of the lens panel, formed in a same shape as the lens panel, and including a coupling provision hole configured to allow a front surface of the lens panel to be coupled to a rear surface of the grille panel at a rear side of the lens panel, wherein the rear surface of the lens panel and a front surface of the housing are coupled at the front side of the lens panel.

Abstract: Provided are an external heating-type aerosol generating device and a cigarette used therein. Because heat energy is easily transferred to the cigarette, a sufficient amount of smoke may be provided to a user in initial puffs so that the user may have a satisfactory smoking experience.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a wrapper for a non-combustion-type cigarette used in an aerosol generating device, according to an embodiment, includes manufacturing a reconstituted tobacco sheet by mixing a tobacco material and first pulp, and manufacturing a wrapper by mixing the reconstituted tobacco sheet and second pulp.

Abstract: A front storage apparatus for a vehicle includes a vehicle hood pivotally connected to the front of a vehicle body, a frunk located under the vehicle hood, a frunk lid pivotally connected to the frunk, and a connecting rod operatively connecting the frunk lid and the vehicle hood.

Abstract: Disclosed is a tandem solar cell according to an aspect including: a silicon lower cell; a perovskite upper cell disposed on the silicon lower cell; and a bonding layer for bonding the silicon lower cell and the perovskite upper cell between the silicon lower cell and the perovskite upper cell, wherein the front surface portion of the silicon lower cell being in contact with the bonding layer includes a texture structure, the bonding layer includes a first transparent electrode layer formed on the sidewall of the texture structure, a buried layer filling concave portions of the texture structure on the first transparent electrode layer, and a second transparent electrode layer on top surfaces of the buried layer, the first transparent electrode layer and the texture structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for treating eye diseases, wherein the composition comprises a pyrazole-based compound, which is a pharmacologically active substance, and a biodegradable polymer, so that a drug effectively reaches a posterior segment of an eyeball, while prolonging an action time of the drug administered into the eyeball.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode includes a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and a first emitting material layer including a first compound, a second compound and a third compound and positioned between the first and second electrodes, wherein an onset wavelength of the second compound is greater than an onset wavelength of the first compound and is smaller than an onset wavelength of the third compound, wherein a maximum emission wavelength of the second compound is smaller than a maximum emission wavelength of the first compound, and a maximum emission wavelength of the third compound is equal to or smaller than a maximum emission wavelength of the first compound, and wherein a full width at half maximum of each of the second and third compounds is smaller than a full width at half maximum of the first compound.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a smoking article including a tube filter includes preparing a smoking material portion, a first tube filter flavored by a first flavoring liquid, and a mouthpiece flavored by a second flavoring liquid; and combining and packaging the smoking material portion, the first tube filter, and the mouthpiece with a wrapper, wherein the preparing comprises applying the first flavoring liquid inside the first tube filter through a hollow of the first tube filter.

Abstract: An illegal call detection apparatus comprises a data collecting unit, a preprocessing unit, and a learning unit. The data collecting unit collects, from at least one of a subscriber terminal or a call exchanger, a raw packet generated by the subscriber terminal using a VoIP service, and collects, from the billing server, CDR data related to the raw packet. The preprocessing unit generates learning data by using service usage information extracted from the CDR data and service detailed information extracted from the raw packet, and generates a training image by converting the training data into an image according to a predetermined imaging rule. The learning unit extracts at least one or more features from the training image, and learns whether the training image is related to an illegal call by using the features, through an illegal call detection model.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a clothes treatment apparatus. The clothes treatment apparatus includes a drum configured to accommodate clothes, an inputter configured to receive one of a plurality of programs and configured to receive a start command, a storage configured to store information on a setting time corresponding to a weight of clothes for each program and configured to store information on a default time for each program previously executed, in the form of tables, a processor configured to detect a weight of clothes when any one program is received and a start command is received, configured to identify a setting time corresponding to the detected weight of clothes and the received program, configured to control the execution of the received program based on the identified setting time, and configured to store an operation time, which is taken until the completion of the received program, as a default time, and a display configured to display a remaining time during the execution of the received program.

Abstract: A vehicle grille includes: a grille panel; a lens panel disposed at a rear side of the grille panel, formed in a same shape as some or entire area of the grille panel, and, when a light is incident, configured to allow some of the light to propagate in the lens panel and emit some of the light to an outside of the lens panel; and a housing disposed on a rear surface of the lens panel, formed in a same shape as the lens panel, and including a coupling provision end portion configured to allow a front surface of the lens panel to be coupled to a rear surface of the grille panel at a front side of the lens panel, wherein the rear surface of the lens panel and a front surface of the housing are coupled at the front side of the lens panel.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus of a grille for an automobile, may upgrade the grille by turning on light through the grille of the vehicle and making the light spread softly in the rear of the grille, and which is favorable to the layout through reduction of a lighting structure of the light.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a substrate including a sensor array area, a pad area, and a circuit area, a wiring layer on the pad area, and a light-shielding pattern on the sensor array area. The sensor array area includes a first area including active pixels and a second area including optical back pixels. The wiring layer is apart from the substrate by a first distance on the pad area. The light-shielding pattern includes a first portion spaced apart from the substrate by a second distance less than the first distance, a second portion disposed between the first portion and the wiring layer and extending on the same level as the wiring layer, and a third portion disposed between the first portion and the second portion and integrally formed with the first portion and the second portion.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus of a grille for an automobile, may upgrade the grille by turning on light through the grille of the vehicle and making the light spread softly in the rear of the grille, and which is favorable to the layout through reduction of a lighting structure of the light.