Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide methods of discovering drugs effective for tough targets, which have conventionally been discovered only with difficulty. The present invention relates to novel methods for cyclizing peptide compounds, and novel peptide compounds and libraries comprising the same, to achieve the above object.

Abstract: A perpendicular magnetic recording medium according to an embodiment includes a substrate and perpendicular magnetic recording layer. The perpendicular magnetic recording layer includes a recording portion and non-recording portion. The recording portion has patterns regularly arranged in the longitudinal direction, and includes magnetic layers containing Fe or Co and Pt as main components, and at least one additive component selected from Ti, Si, Al, and W. The non-recording portion includes oxide layers formed by oxidizing the side surfaces of the magnetic layers, and nonmagnetic layers formed between the oxide layers.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided a method for forming a pattern including forming an island-like metal underlayer comprised of a first metal, a phase-separated release layer including a first metal, a second metal, and a metal oxide, a mask layer, and a resist layer on a processed layer in this order, forming a concave-convex pattern on the resist layer, transferring the pattern to the mask layer, the phase-separated release layer, and the processed layer in this order, dissolving the phase-separated release layer using a peeling liquid for dissolving the first metal and the second metal, and removing the mask layer from the processed layer to expose the concave-convex pattern.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a perpendicular magnetic recording medium is provided, which includes a non-magnetic granular underlayer formed on a substrate and containing metal grains of a first metal and a grain boundary layer surrounding the metal grains, each metal grain including a projection projecting from the boundary layer and a bottom portion embedded in the grain boundary layer, and a contact angle of the edge of the projection to the surface of the grain boundary layer being 45° to 85°, a non-magnetic intermediate layer formed on a surface of each projection and a magnetic recording layer having a projection pattern formed on the basis of a pattern of the projections in the non-magnetic intermediate layer via the non-magnetic intermediate layer.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a magnetic recording medium including a substrate and a magnetic recording layer formed on the substrate and including a plurality of projections is obtained. The array of the plurality of projections includes a plurality of domains in which the projections are regularly arranged, and a boundary region between the domains, in which the projections are irregularly arranged. The boundary region is formed along a perpendicular bisector of a line connecting the barycenters of adjacent projections.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided a magnetic recording medium manufacturing method including forming a bonding layer on a substrate, forming a holding layer containing silicon on the bonding layer, forming a single-particle layer on the holding layer using particles containing metal fusible on the bonding layer, etching SiO2 in the holding layer using an etching solution containing HF and H2O2, filling the holding layer with the particles until the particles are brought into contact with the bonding layer, bonding the particles and the bonding layer together by heating, and forming a magnetic recording layer on the single-particle layer.

Abstract: A method for forming a particle layer includes covering surfaces of particles with a first polymer, covering a surface of a substrate with a second polymer having a same skeletal structure as the first polymer, and applying a liquid in which the particles covered with the first polymer are dispersed, onto the surface of the substrate covered with the second polymer.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a magnetic recording medium including a substrate and a magnetic recording layer formed on the substrate and including a plurality of projections is obtained. The array of the plurality of projections includes a plurality of domains in which the projections are regularly arranged, and a boundary region between the domains, in which the projections are irregularly arranged. The boundary region is formed along a perpendicular bisector of a line connecting the barycenters of adjacent projections.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, disclosed is a pattern forming method including preparing a second dispersion by adding a second protective group and second solvent to fine particles including a first protective group whose surface polarity is close to that of the substrate, the fine particles containing, at least on the surface thereof, a material selected from Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Y, Zr, Sn, Mo, Ta, W, Au, Ag, Pd, Cu, Pt, and an oxide thereof, modifying the fine particles including the first protective group with the second protective group, adding a viscosity adjustment agent to the dispersion containing the fine particles to prepare a coating solution, and applying the coating solution on the substrate to form a fine particle layer thereon.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a magnetic recording layer is coated with a fine particle coating solution containing fine particles coated with a protective layer containing a first additive including a straight-chain structure for increasing wettability to the magnetic recording layer, and a carboxy group or the like, and a second additive including a carboxy group or the like and a polymerizable functional group, each fine particle having, on at least a surface thereof, a material selected from Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Y, Zr, Sn, Mo, Ta, W, and oxides thereof, thereby forming a fine particle monolayer, and heat or light energy is applied, thereby curing the protective layer and forming a periodic pattern.

Abstract: A patterning method includes steps of forming a first copolymer layer comprising a first diblock copolymer which has portions which are phase incompatible. The first copolymer layer is annealed to form a first phase pattern including a first phase dispersed in a second surrounding phase. The first copolymer is then etched forming a first topographic pattern that corresponds to the first phase pattern. A second copolymer layer of a second diblock copolymer is then formed over the first topographic pattern, and then annealed to generate a second phase pattern offset from the first topographic pattern. Etching is used to form a second topographic pattern corresponding to the second phase pattern. The first and second topographic patterns are then transferred to the substrate. The patterning method can be used, for example, to form patterned recording layers for magnetic storage devices.

Abstract: According to at least one embodiment, a metal peelable layer and a mask layer are formed on a magnetic recording layer, then, a projections pattern is formed on the mask layer, the projections pattern is transferred to the metal peelable layer and the magnetic recording layer in this order, and then the metal peelable layer is dissolved and removed by a solvent. The metal peelable layer is constituted of any of aluminum and an aluminum compound. An alkali solution is used as the solvent.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a perpendicular magnetic recording medium includes a substrate, an underlayer formed on the substrate and a magnetic recording layer formed on the underlayer and having an easy axis in a direction perpendicular to a film surface. The underlayer includes a plurality of projecting portions arranged at a distance of 1 nm to 20 nm from one another. The magnetic recording layer is an amorphous magnetic recording layer including a plurality of magnetic grains each formed to expand towards a top end thereof from a surface of a respective projecting portion of the underlayer, at least those of the magnetic grains located on a respective projecting portion side being separated from each other.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a perpendicular magnetic recording medium is provided, which includes a non-magnetic granular underlayer formed on a substrate and containing metal grains of a first metal and a grain boundary layer surrounding the metal grains, each metal grain including a projection projecting from the boundary layer and a bottom portion embedded in the grain boundary layer, and a contact angle of the edge of the projection to the surface of the grain boundary layer being 45° to 85°, a non-magnetic intermediate layer formed on a surface of each projection and a magnetic recording layer having a projection pattern formed on the basis of a pattern of the projections in the non-magnetic intermediate layer via the non-magnetic intermediate layer.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a magnetic recording medium includes follows: forming a magnetic recording layer on a substrate; forming an under layer and a metal release layer that forms an alloy with the under layer on the magnetic recording layer in this order and forming an alloyed release layer by alloying the under layer and the metal release layer; forming a mask layer on the alloyed release layer; forming a resist layer on the mask layer; providing a protrusion-recess pattern by patterning the resist layer; transferring the protrusion-recess pattern to the mask layer; transferring the protrusion-recess pattern to the alloyed release layer; transferring the protrusion-recess pattern to the magnetic recording layer; dissolving the alloyed release layer by using a stripping solution and removing a layer formed on the alloyed release layer from an upper side of the magnetic recording layer.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a magnetic recording medium is formed by performing gas ion irradiation by using a magnetism deactivating gas on a stack including a perpendicular magnetic recording layer, an Ru nonmagnetic underlayer containing a magnetism deactivating element selected from chromium, titanium, and silicon, and a nonmagnetic substrate. Before gas ion irradiation, the perpendicular magnetic recording layer contains platinum and at least one of iron and cobalt. Gas ion irradiation is performed using nitrogen gas alone or a gas mixture of nitrogen gas and at least one gas selected from the group consisting of helium, hydrogen, and B2H6.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a pattern formation method includes forming a surface treatment polymer film on a substrate, applying a solution containing a monomer or oligomer of a surface treatment polymer material to a surface of the surface treatment polymer film, forming a self-assembled layer by coating the surface treatment polymer film with a coating solution containing a block copolymer having at least two types of polymer chains, and forming a microphase-separated structure in the self-assembled layer by annealing, and optionally removing one type of a polymer layer from the microphase-separated structure, thereby forming convex patterns by a remaining polymer layer.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided a magnetic recording medium which includes a base, a magnetic recording layer having convex-shaped magnetic layers, which is formed on the base, and a protective film formed on the magnetic recording layer. There are gaps in a region surrounded by the protective film, the surface of the base, and each side wall of each magnetic layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a photoelectric conversion layer containing a semiconductor and plural metal-containing minute structures dispersed therein. The minute structures are minute structures (A) comprising metal material (?) or otherwise minute structures (B) comprising metal material (?) and material (?) selected from the group consisting of oxide, nitride and oxynitride of substances and the semiconductor. In the minute structures (B), the material (?) is on the surface of the metal material (?). Each of the minute structures has an equivalent circle diameter of 1 nm to 10 nm inclusive on the basis of the projected area when observed from a particular direction. The closest distance between adjacent two of the minute structures is 3 nm to 50 nm inclusive. The present disclosure also provides applications of the photoelectric conversion layer to a solar cell, a photodiode and an image sensor.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide methods of discovering drugs effective for tough targets, which have conventionally been discovered only with difficulty. The present invention relates to novel methods for cyclizing peptide compounds, and novel peptide compounds and libraries comprising the same, to achieve the above object.