Abstract: To reduce handover latency experienced by a user using a user equipment that is served for offloaded user data traffic by a first small cell, a handover between a first macro cell deploying the first small cell and a second macro cell deploying a second small cell is triggered when information indicating that the user equipment has associated with the second small cell not deployed by the first macro cell is received.

Abstract: An aspect is an apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: detect absence of a cell providing a given service; on the basis of the detection, carry out configuration to operate as an ad-hoc cell providing the given service, and in connection with the configuration, cause establishment of a backhaul connection for the given service.

Abstract: A method for device-to-device communication includes receiving, in a D2D-capable user terminal from a network apparatus, measurement configuration information regarding a D2D discovery resource usage status. The user terminal performs, based on the received measurement configuration information, a corresponding measurement to determine the usage status of D2D discovery resources. The user terminal transmits, to the network apparatus, a report on the measurement performed in the user terminal, the report indicating the usage status of D2D discovery resources, in order the network apparatus to be able to adjust D2D discovery resource allocation based on the report.

Abstract: There is provided a method comprising receiving, at a user device associated with at least one cell, scheduling information from the at least one cell, the scheduling information comprising an indication of candidate resources for transmission of data in a transmission time interval, determining, in dependence on the candidate resources and at least a first threshold value, resources to be used for transmission of data in the transmission time interval and providing control information for transmission of data in the transmission time interval to the at least one cell, said control information comprising an indication of the determined resources.

Abstract: A method and apparatus can be configured to update status information on channel resources. The channel resources are configured for device-to-device communication by a cluster-wise manner. The method can also include transmitting the status information by using broadcasting resources.

Abstract: There are provided measures for lawful interception and security based admission control for proximity service. Such measures could include detecting a requirement for control in relation to setting up or securing a connection of a proximity service between at least two devices, determining availability of at least one lawful interception and security agent capable of performing an operation relating to lawful interception and/or security in relation to the connection of the proximity service, and performing control in relation to setting up or securing the connection of the proximity service when availability of the at least one lawful interception and security agent is determined.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for a random access channel (RACH) procedure based proximity-based service channel allocation are provided. One method includes controlling receiving, by a network node, a request for proximity-based service on a random access channel, the request being for at least one resource, and determining whether the requested at least one resource is allocable within a random access contention window. When the at least one resource is allocable, the method may include preparing a transmission of allocation information on a common control channel. When the at least one resource is not allocable, the method may include preparing a response for the request on the random access response channel, and preparing a transmission of allocation information either on common control channel or dedicated control channel.

Abstract: There is provided a method for controlling quality of service in a network, the method may include: obtaining network traffic prediction information and coverage information of the network, predicting a service availability for at least one terminal device based at least on the network traffic prediction information and the coverage information, and controlling the quality of service for the at least one terminal device based on the service availability.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided. A request is received from a first user equipment to schedule communication resources for a device to device communication between the first user equipment and at least one second user equipment. Control information relating to the device to device communication is sent to the at least one second user equipment in response to the request.

Abstract: To reduce handover latency experienced by a user using a user equipment that is served for offloaded user data traffic by a first small cell, a handover between a first macro cell deploying the first small cell and a second macro cell deploying a second small cell is triggered when information indicating that the user equipment has associated with the second small cell not deployed by the first macro cell is received.

Abstract: There is provided a method comprising: receiving a request for a content-based delivery service from at least one first user device of a plurality of user devices with device-to-device communications capability for a delivery of an information element; obtaining information in relation to the delivery of the information element; determining based on the obtained information in relation to the delivery, if said information element is to be delivered using an access node or at least one second user device or both the access node and the at least one second user device or if information on absence of the requested information element is conveyed, and in response to the determination, carrying out resource configuration for the delivery of the information element or for conveyance of the information on the absence of the requested information element is conveyed the requested information element by using the content-based delivery service.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for communication are provided. The solution includes obtaining information of handovers to be performed regarding more than one user equipment connected to the apparatus; requesting the user equipment to form one or more device-to-device clusters; and controlling handovers to be performed utilizing information on the formed device-to-device clusters.

Abstract: A method for radio access offloading is disclosed, wherein the method includes maintaining, in a user terminal pre-configuration information on integrated local area radio access offloading layers. In response to detecting an access point of an available offloading layer, the user terminal may activate a local area radio access offloading mode. The user terminal transmits, to the base station via the access point, an indication indicating that the offloading mode is activated, and receives, from the base station, a confirmation indicating that the activated offloading mode is accepted by the base station. The user terminal then decides, whether or not to switch to the available offloading layer, wherein if the user terminal decides to switch to the available offloading layer, offloading is performed via the access point.

Abstract: There is provided a method, including: receiving, by a target base station, information that a handover of a plurality of user equipment currently connected to a source cell is needed to a target cell; causing a device-to-device, D2D, cluster generation, wherein each generated D2D cluster is controlled by a predetermined user equipment connected to the target cell and acting as a D2D cluster head; determining D2D cluster-specific radio resource commitment information for each generated D2D cluster; indicating corresponding D2D cluster-specific radio resource commitment information to each D2D cluster head; and receiving a handover request from at least one D2D cluster head, wherein the handover request is for handing at least one member of the corresponding D2D cluster over to the target cell.

Abstract: A method receiving a control message at an apparatus of a base station of a first smaller cell, said control message being provided by a control apparatus of a second larger cell, said first cell at least partially overlying said second cell, said control message being provided dependent on a speed of at least one user equipment; and causing, in response to said control message, said base station of said first cell to be in a first power and/or interference mode.

Abstract: Initial Setting and Configuration of E-UTRAN for Energy-Efficient IOPS Certain embodiments of the invention generally relate to initial setting and configuration of E-UTRAN for energy-efficient isolated E-UTRAN operation for public safety. A method may include determining an initial configuration mode of a network element for setting up a self-controlled radio access network. The method may also include determining an initial downlink transmission power of the network element coupled with the determined initial configuration mode. The method may further include detecting a need of changing downlink transmission power of the network element based on at least one of traffic demands and conditions of the self-controlled radio access network. The method may also include determining a new downlink transmission power. The method may further include indicating the change of at least one of the downlink transmission power and the initial configuration mode to at least one user equipment.

Abstract: There is provided a method comprising receiving a request from a user equipment for resource allocation for at least one service coverage zone in a coverage area of a first network, the first network comprising a plurality of nodes forming a synchronised sub-network, said nodes configured to provide a user equipment with at least one of instant radio access and cellular access, wherein the sub-network is associated with at least one cellular network which provides cellular access over the first network area and wherein said request comprises first information, allocating instant radio access resources for the user equipment for use within the at least one service coverage zone and providing an indication of said instant radio access resources to said user equipment.

Abstract: There is provided a method comprising determining a service coverage zone operation within a network, the network able to form a synchronised sub-network, and being associated with at least one cellular network which provides cellular access over the coverage area of the network, configuring, in dependence on the determined service coverage zone operation, a plurality of nodes of the network for providing a service coverage zone to provide at least one service, providing an indication of the service coverage zone to at least one user equipment and controlling access of the at least one user equipment to the at least one service.

Abstract: There is provided a method including determining, at a first neighbour node of a spectrum sharing group of nodes, initial cost information for sharing spectrum with an acting node in said group in dependence on node parameters associated with the first neighbour node, causing the initial cost information to be sent the acting node, determining final cost information in dependence on received cost information associated with at least one second node neighbour of the group, the received cost information determined in dependence on parameters associated with the least one second neighbour node and causing the final cost information to be sent to the acting node.

Abstract: An apparatus including: at least one processor, and at least one memory for storing instructions to be executed by the processor, wherein the at least one memory and the instructions are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least: request for using a part of a spectrum of a second communication network on the basis of a spectrum cooperation relationship between a first communication network and the second communication network, provide a service coordination information related to the request for using a part of the spectrum, the service coordination information indicating measures based on roaming mechanism offered by the first communication network allowing the second communication network to obtain compensation in the form of communication resources or traffic for using a part of the spectrum of the second communication network by the first communication network, and receive and process a response to the request for using a part of the spectrum of the second commu