Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus including: at least one processor and at least one memory including a computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: select and configure a commercial user device to operate as a mobile relay agent for public safety usage and/or a public safety device to operate as a mobile relay and/or a mobile gateway for public safety usage, allocate a public safety specific spectrum to device-to-device communications for the public safety usage, and provide mobile backhaul services by using commercial resources.

Abstract: A method includes providing a broadband public safety network PSN that includes at least a first MS1 and a second MS2 mobile device and a first coverage area; and providing a broadband mobile communication network CN including a second coverage area 104. The method includes detecting the MS1 and MS2 mobile devices are residing out of the first coverage area and residing in the second coverage area 104. Then the MS1 and MS2 mobile devices are starting to operate in a Device to Device mode 204. The method further includes defining a group including the MS1 and MS2 mobile devices that are communicating in the Device to Device mode. The method includes determining, by using a selection mechanism including one or several timers, which of the MS1 and MS2 mobile devices acts as a controlling mobile device for the group 202.

Abstract: A method and control apparatus for a wireless communication system is disclosed for providing grouping of sets of paired communication devices into groups of paired communication devices at least in part based on information about other paired communication devices. The information is determined based on detection by at least one of the communication devices in a relevant set of paired communication devices.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for network assisted ProSe discovery management are provided. One method includes establishing, by a network element, a discovery context of a user equipment, and transmitting a discovery context establishment request comprising beacon information on at least one other user that a user of the user equipment is interested in discovering.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for communication are provided. The solution includes obtaining information of handovers to be performed regarding more than one user equipment connected to the apparatus; requesting the user equipment to form one or more device-to-device clusters; and controlling handovers to be performed utilizing information on the formed device-to-device clusters.

Abstract: Mobility management mechanism wherein a source base station is configured to send to a target base station the transmission rate history of a user equipment to be handed off from the source base station to the target base station.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods in a communication system are provided. The solution includes communicating with a communication system as authentic and authorized user equipment; storing information on another user equipment and communicating with the communication system to authorize the access of another user equipment to the communication system.

Abstract: A method for device-to-device communication includes receiving, in a D2D-capable user terminal from a network apparatus, measurement configuration information regarding a D2D discovery resource usage status. The user terminal performs, based on the received measurement configuration information, a corresponding measurement to determine the usage status of D2D discovery resources. The user terminal transmits, to the network apparatus, a report on the measurement performed in the user terminal, the report indicating the usage status of D2D discovery resources, in order the network apparatus to be able to adjust D2D discovery resource allocation based on the report.

Abstract: It is provided a method, including: monitoring if a first cluster head of a first cluster of first communication devices has disappeared, wherein an apparatus performing the method has access to the first cluster enabling a device-to-device communication of the apparatus with at least one of the first communication devices; and, if it is monitored that the first cluster head has disappeared: detecting a second cluster head of a second cluster of second communication devices, wherein the second cluster head is different from the first cluster head, and the second cluster enables the device-to-device communication between at least two of the second communication devices; and requesting an access to the second cluster for the device-to-device communication.

Abstract: A method and apparatus can be configured to update status information on channel resources. The channel resources are configured for device-to-device communication by a cluster-wise manner. The method can also include transmitting the status information by using broadcasting resources.

Abstract: Lawful interception and security for proximity service There are provided measures for lawful interception and security for proximity service. Such measures could include performing control in relation to a connection of a proximity service between at least two devices, determining at least one lawful interception and security agent located within the proximity service range of at least one device to be intercepted among the at least two devices, and controlling the determined at least one lawful interception and security agent to perform an operation relating to lawful interception and/or security in relation to the connection of the proximity service.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for network assisted ProSe discovery management are provided. One method includes establishing, by a network element, a discovery context of a user equipment, and transmitting a discovery context establishment request comprising beacon information on at least one other user that a user of the user equipment is interested in discovering.

Abstract: There is provided a system of interacting relay nodes, each being configured to provide an in-band cellular radio access and an out-band radio access for at least one user equipment within the coverage area of a corresponding relay node via at least one in-band cellular radio access link and at least one out-band radio access link, respectively; to transmit user data related to the in-band cellular radio access via first cellular radio access backhaul link and user data related to the out-band radio access via a second cellular radio access backhaul link; and to communicate with the at least one other relay node in order to per-form at least radio control-related functionalities between the interconnected relay nodes.

Abstract: There are provided measures for lawful interception and security based admission control for proximity service. Such measures could include detecting a requirement for control in relation to setting up or securing a connection of a proximity service between at least two devices, determining availability of at least one lawful interception and security agent capable of performing an operation relating to lawful interception and/or security in relation to the connection of the proximity service, and performing control in relation to setting up or securing the connection of the proximity service when availability of the at least one lawful interception and security agent is determined.

Abstract: A method includes controlling one or more radio access connections at a mobile gateway for at least one station associated with a mobile relay system, the mobile relay system providing a plurality of access technologies and being served by one or more donor cellular systems. The method further includes controlling address information of communication on the one or more radio access connections between at least one station and one or more core network elements associated with the one or more donor cellular systems.

Abstract: An apparatus including: at least one processor, and at least one memory for storing instructions to be executed by the processor, wherein the at least one memory and the instructions are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least: receive and process a request for using a part of a spectrum of a second communication network by a first communication network on the basis of a spectrum cooperation relationship configuration, receive and process service coordination information and network coordination information related to the request for using a part of the spectrum, the service coordination information indicating measures offered by the first communication network allowing the second communication network to reduce a communication load by using a part of the first communication network as a communication relay as compensation for allowing to use a part of the spectrum of the second communication network by the first communication network, and the network coordination in

Abstract: An apparatus including: at least one processor, and at least one memory for storing instructions to be executed by the processor, wherein the at least one memory and the instructions are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least: request for using a part of a spectrum of a second communication network on the basis of a spectrum cooperation relationship between a first communication network and the second communication network, provide a service coordination information related to the request for using a part of the spectrum, the service coordination information indicating measures based on roaming mechanism offered by the first communication network allowing the second communication network to obtain compensation in the form of communication resources or traffic for using a part of the spectrum of the second communication network by the first communication network, and receive and process a response to the request for using a part of the spectrum of the second commu

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for resource allocation in a local wireless node of a system of a plurality of local wireless nodes is disclosed. An inner circle subgradient resource allocation iteration is performed based on information received from at least one other wireless node of the system and an iteration parameter until a convergent result. An updated iteration parameter is provided by at least one outer circle subgradient iteration based on the convergent result of the inner circle subgradient resource allocation iteration. The inner circle subgradient resource allocation iteration is then repeated at least once using the updated iteration parameter until a convergent result. Resources are then allocated based on the iterations.

Abstract: There is provided a method, comprising: establishing, by a first network node, a communication connection to at least one advertising device located in a geographically limited service area; establishing a communication connection to at least one advertisement-receiving device; generating at least one security key for encrypting and decrypting at least part of the data which is to be transmitted in D2D communication links, wherein each security key is valid for a predetermined validity period, and common to those at least one advertising device and at least one advertisement-receiving device within the service area which fulfill predetermined criteria; causing transmission of information indicating the generated at least one security key to those at least one advertising device which fulfill the predetermined criteria; and causing transmission of information indicating at least one of the generated at least one security key to those at least one advertisement-receiving device which fulfill the predetermined c

Abstract: There is provided a method, including: receiving, by a target base station, information that a handover of a plurality of user equipment currently connected to a source cell is needed to a target cell; causing a device-to-device, D2D, cluster generation, wherein each generated D2D cluster is controlled by a predetermined user equipment connected to the target cell and acting as a D2D cluster head; determining D2D cluster-specific radio resource commitment information for each generated D2D cluster; indicating corresponding D2D cluster-specific radio resource commitment information to each D2D cluster head; and receiving a handover request from at least one D2D cluster head, wherein the handover request is for handing at least one member of the corresponding D2D cluster over to the target cell.