Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus including at least one processor and at least one memory including a computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code con-figured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: search for feasible component carriers by measurements, and if at least one feasible component carrier is found, take it into use; select at least one home node for negotiations for obtaining resources, the selection being based on the measurements, and negotiate for obtaining resources, if no feasible component carriers are found; take into use at least one feasible component carrier obtained based on the negotiations, if at least one feasible component carrier is obtained; and take into use at least one component carrier which is closest feasible, if no feasible component carriers are obtained.

Abstract: An example technique may include controlling sending data by a first user device to a second user device in a network providing proximity-based services, determining, by the first user device, a release of a user plane protocol entity resources used for the proximity-based services in the second user device, and controlling sending, by the first user device to at least the second user device in response to the determining, a message that causes at least the second user device to perform the release of the user plane protocol entity resources used for the proximity-based services in the second user device.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for controlling the establishment of a network connection to a mobile relay; communicating with the moving relay connected to a donor network; controlling the activation, reactivation and setup of the connection<a moving relay with donor cellular networks, the networks being controlled by more than one operator; and creating or reactivating and keeping update of the context of the mobile relay context when the mobile relay establishes a connection with a donor cellular network.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and a controller to control not only cellular radio connections in a cell of a cellular communication system but also direct device-to-device communication links established between terminal devices within the cell. Particularly, the controller selects portion of the terminal devices to function as relay terminals for the other terminals to enable relayed communication links between the terminal devices and the base station through the relay terminals. The relay terminals link device-to-device connections to the cellular radio connections between the relay terminals and the base station.

Abstract: There is provided a solution for improving the quality of service of end-to-end communication between at least two user terminals. The solution comprises applying uplink signaling in which information related to the traffic status of a direct device-to-device communication link is transmitted.

Abstract: A method includes determining, for a first network, first activity information for shared usage of a first portion of a spectrum allocated to the first network with at least one second network and causing the activity information to be sent to at least one base station of said second network.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems are provided for facilitating device-to-device connection establishment. A method may include directing broadcast of an indication of a device-to-device registration area identification in each of one or more cells forming a device-to-device registration area identified by the device-to-device registration area identification. The method may further include directing receipt of a device-to-device registration request originated by a first terminal apparatus in response to the broadcast indication. The first terminal apparatus may be located within the registration area. The method may additionally include registering the first terminal apparatus based at least in part upon the device-to-device registration request. Corresponding apparatuses and systems are also provided.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for a random access channel (RACH) procedure based proximity-based service channel allocation are provided. One method includes controlling receiving, by a network node, a request for proximity-based service on a random access channel, the request being for at least one resource, and determining whether the requested at least one resource is allocable within a random access contention window. When the at least one resource is allocable, the method may include preparing a transmission of allocation information on a common control channel.

Abstract: A method, including receiving at a first communication device from a first network information for assisting device-to-device transmissions between a group of communication devices including said first communication device; thereafter detecting at said first communication device loss of possibility to continue receiving assistance for said device-to-device transmissions from said first network; and deciding at said first communication device whether to continue with said device-to-device transmissions with assistance from a second network or without assistance from a second network.

Abstract: Example implementations are described related to a dynamic resource allocation scheme for use in allocating frequency resources from a frequency band shared by a plurality of small area cell base stations located in a service area of a large area cell base station. The large area cell base station may control the dynamic resource allocation from the shared frequency band.

Abstract: There is provided a solution for improving the quality of service of end-to-end communication between at least two user terminals. The solution includes applying uplink signaling in which information related to the traffic status of a direct device-to-device communication link is transmitted.

Abstract: A method including: receiving, at a first cell, radio resource information from a second cell, said first and second cells in at least one network controlled by two or more operators; receiving operator identity information and cell-type information at said first cell from said second cell; appending said operator identity information and said cell-type information to said radio resource information; and allocating radio resources in dependence on said information.

Abstract: There is provided a method, comprising: arranging a set of user nodes (311-322) of a social network community (302) into at least one proximity-based cluster (304, 306, 308); determining popular data content in a given proximity-based cluster; and proactively caching the popular data content to at least one user node of the proximity-based cluster, in order to enable the user nodes in the proximity-based cluster to transfer the popular data content via direct proximity-based communication between the user nodes.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for communication are provided. An example solution may include determining a need for requesting channel resources from other user terminals of a group of user terminals for proximity-based communications within the group of user terminals; transmitting a channel resource request to at least one user terminal of the group of user terminals; receiving one or more responses to the request, the one or more responses coming from other user terminals of the group and including information on available channel resources; selecting the channel resources to utilise and starting transmission utilising the selected channel resources.

Abstract: This document discloses transmission of a radio link failure control message in a situation where a control plane connection is established directly between a first access point of a cellular communication system and a terminal device of the cellular communication system and, additionally, a user plane connection is established between the first access point and the terminal device through a second access point. The radio link failure control message is transferred over the user plane connection during the radio link failure or proactively in an attempt to prevent the radio link failure.

Abstract: In a network controlled device to device service a reference radio bearer that would provide an adequate service in a cellular access mode is determined. Information of semi-static resource allocation is then determined for the reference radio bearer and signalled to at least one device for use in configuring the at least one device for device to device communications. The at least one device can use the information as guidance when configuring for device to device communications.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for communication are provided. The solution includes obtaining information of handovers to be performed regarding more than one user equipment connected to the apparatus; requesting the user equipment to form one or more device-to-device clusters; and controlling handovers to be performed utilising information on the formed device-to-device clusters.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for communication are provided. The solution may include determining the possibility of releasing at least part of the dedicated channel resources used for direct device-to-device communication with a group of user terminals; selecting, from the group, at least one user terminal to which the at least part of the channel resources are transferred; and controlling the transmission of a transfer message to the group of user terminals, the message indicating the at least one user terminal the at least part of the dedicated channel resources are transferred to.

Abstract: A method comprises determining in a base station of a first cell of a first network that there is an inactive second cell of a second, different network which is a candidate cell for a user equipment and causing an activation message to be sent to cause the activation of said inactive second cell.

Abstract: A network entity interlaces with at least one other apparatus. The network entity receives a plurality of reports from respective terminals, each report being indicative of a detection of at least one particular apparatus of a specific type by the respective terminal, and analyzes the plurality of reports. The network entity determines that terminals, the reporis of which are indicative of the samo particular apparatus of the specific type, are in proximity to each other, and causes transmission of a corresponding proximity indication to each terminal for which a proximity to one or more other terminals was determined. Similarly, corresponding proximity discovery agent entities, i.e. apparatus of the specie type, corresponding terminal apparatuses and related methods as well as computer program products are envisaged.