Abstract: A rubber-steel cord composite comprising a steel cord having, in a planar image of the steel cord formed by X-rays passing through the steel cord, a fraction R of the total area occupied by filaments of from 0.45 or more to 0.95 or less in an arbitrarily selected portion of the steel cord having a length of 15 mm in an axial direction of the cord, is provided. The length of 15 mm in an axial direction of the cord means a length of 15 mm in an axial direction of an actual cord and the fraction R of the total area occupied by the filaments is expressed as R=F/A, wherein A represents the total area of the cord and F represents the area of the cord occupied by the filaments.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling a continuously variable transmission of a motor vehicle includes a controller that controls the speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission in accordance with a predetermined shift condition. The method and apparatus perform shift control in a specific manner during an operation of an anti-lock brake system, for example, by smoothing at least one of the rotational speed of the input shaft and the rotational speed of the output shaft, reducing a rate of change in the speed ratio during downshifting, restricting upshifting of the CVT, increasing an amount of hydraulic oil delivered from an oil pump, and/or increasing belt clamping force.

Abstract: When the temperature of operating fluid of an actuator is low, a target input rotation speed lower limit value NinL is set. The lower limit value NinL is greater than a lower limit value set for a normal temperature of operating fluid. A target input rotation speed Nint is calculated from the state of running of a vehicle, such as the amount of operation of an accelerator, the vehicle speed, etc. If the target input rotation speed is lower than the lower limit value NinL, the target input rotation speed is reset to the lower limit value NinL. As a result of a control that includes the above-described steps, the speed ratio &ggr; becomes relatively high before the vehicle stops. Therefore, even if the speed ratio-changing rate is low, the speed ratio &ggr; can be brought to or near a maximum value &ggr;max before the vehicle stops. Thus, reductions in the speed ratio-changing rate caused by low temperature of the operating fluid of the actuator can be curbed.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method control a belt-type continuously variable transmission of a vehicle having a continuously variable speed ratio, which is a ratio of a rotation speed of an input shaft to a rotation speed of an output shaft. The speed ratio of the transmission is controlled by changing a groove width of each of the pulleys, and a belt clamping pressure applied to at least one of the pulleys to clamp the torque transfer belt also is controlled. Furthermore, the speed ratio of the transmission is set to a low-load speed ratio when it is determined that control of the belt clamping pressure has failed and the belt clamping pressure is raised to a high level. The low-load speed ratio is predetermined so that a load applied to the torque transfer belt is substantially minimized.

Abstract: A shift control system for a continuously variable transmission, in which a road load on a vehicle is detected, the lower limit speed is set according to the detected road load, in which a target input speed, as set according to the running state of a vehicle, is restricted with the set lower limit speed, and in which the gear ratio of the continuously variable transmission is controlled so that the actual input speed may be equal to the target input speed restricted. The target input speed is restricted after the actual input speed is more than the lower limit value, when the road load is light, and said target input speed is restricted irrespective of the actual input speed when the road load is heavy.

Abstract: A hydraulic control system for outputting an oil pressure instruction signal to a pressure modulating mechanism, to modulate the oil pressure generated in the hydraulic pump to an oil pressure according to the instruction signal and to feed the modulated oil pressure to a transmission.

Abstract: A speed change control system for a continuously variable transmission, for controlling a gear ratio by deciding an abrupt acceleration demand of a driver, to effect an abrupt speed change when it is decided that the driver demands an abrupt acceleration. The speed change control system comprises: a drive state decider for deciding that the vehicle has changed from a driven state to a drive state, when said abrupt acceleration is demanded at the driven state; and a speed change controller for controlling said continuously variable transmission to effect said abrupt speed change, after said drive state decider decides that the vehicle has changed from the driven state to the drive state.

Abstract: A shift control apparatus for a motor vehicle including an Internal combustion engine and a continuously variable transmission (CVT) is provided for controlling the speed ratio of the CVT depending upon operating conditions of the vehicle. The control apparatus determines whether an electronic throttle valve of the engine is at fault or not, and restricts the speed ratio of the CVT when the throttle valve is at fault such that the input-side rotation speed of the transmission is variable within a range that is narrower than a range in which the rotation speed is variable during normal running of the vehicle. The range of the input-side rotation speed may be defined by the upper limit, or the lower limit, or both the upper limit and the lower limit.

Abstract: A control apparatus is provided in a vehicle equipped with a power source and a continuously variable transmission. The continuously variable transmission is connected to the power source. The control apparatus includes a target power determinator, a target revolutions determinator, a determining device, a setting device and a target torque determinator. The target power determinator determines a target power of the power source. The target revolutions determinator determines target revolutions on the basis of the target power. The determining device determines whether the vehicle is a transient driving condition or not. The setting device sets the target revolutions as setting revolutions when the determining device determines that the vehicle is not in the transient driving condition. The setting device sets revolutions different from the target revolutions as the setting revolutions when the determining device determines that the vehicle is in a transient driving condition.

Abstract: An extruding mechanism for a tubular bag and a method of extruding the contents of a tubular bag are provided, by which a sealing material or the like is extruded and discharged from a tubular bag with an extruding gun for a cartridge container, and which reduces the amount of discarded waste, thereby serving as one solution to environmental problems. The extruding mechanism includes an extruding gun having a holding base, and a stationary holding plate disposed on a front end portion of the holding base. The holding plate is provided with a notched portion opened upward. An extruding rod is equipped at its leading end with a pressing plate. A cylindrical member having a cylinder body is set on the holding base and accommodates the tubular bag and is opened at both ends, and a piston body is inserted into the cylinder body.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire for passenger cars comprises bead cores, a carcass layer, a tread portion, and side wall portions, wherein a rubber reinforcing layer having a crescent-shaped cross-section and at least one sheet of a rubber-filament fiber composite having a thickness measured under a pressure of 20 g/cm2 of 0.05 to 2.0 mm which is formed from a rubber component and filaments having a diameter or a maximum cross-sectional dimension of 0.0001 to 0.1 mm and a length of 8 mm or more are disposed in said side wall portions. Reinforcing cords of carcass plies are made of an aliphatic polyamide fiber having a melting point of 250° C. or higher.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire for a passenger car having a pair of bead portions, a toroidal carcass portion extending over both bead portions, at least two belt layers provided in a crown portion of the carcass, a tread portion positioned at an outer peripheral side of the belt layer, and side wall portions provided at the right and left sides of the tread portion, and which further includes a steel cord as a reinforcing material for reinforcing at least one layer of the carcass portion and the belt layer. The steel cord is formed by plying a plurality of filaments each having a strand diameter of 0.125 to 0.275 mm, and has an inflection point on an S—S curve. A reduction rate of a diameter of the steel cord under a load stress which is one third of breaking strength in comparison with a no load condition is equal to or more than 20%.

Abstract: There is disclosed a safety pneumatic tire comprising a tire shell which is equipped with a toroidal carcass extending over a pair of bead portions and also functioning as a reinforcing material for a side wall portion connected to the bead portions and further for a tread portion, and which has a side-reinforcing layer on the internal surface of the side-wall portion; a rim which hermetically seals and supports the bead portions of the tire shell; and closed cell-based elastic foam which is filled in the internal hollow portion encompassed by the tire shell and the rim, wherein the constructional material of the elastic foam is butyl rubber or halogenated butyl rubber. The above safety pneumatic tire is markedly improved in run-flat durability, can reconcile favorable riding comfort chacteristic with the run-flat durability, is minimized in adverse influence upon the tire performances such as rolling resistance, and enables the production of a lightweight pneumatic tire.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire comprises a carcass of at least one rubberized ply of a radial arrangement, a belt comprised of two or more cross cord layers, a pair of thick reinforcing strip rubbers located at an inner face side of the carcass and a bead filler rubber, in which the reinforcing strip rubber and bead filler rubber have specified JIS hardness and rebound resilience, hardness ratio and maximum gauge ratio.

Abstract: In a pneumatic tire for run-flat running comprising a stiffener rubber, viewing a cross-section of the tire-rim assembly inflated under an air pressure corresponding to 15% of a maximum air pressure of the tire, a top of the stiffener rubber is located inward from a specified line segment PA in a radial direction of the tire.

Abstract: A rubber composition comprises one or more rubbers selected from the group consisting of natural rubber, polyisoprene rubber, styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber, polybutadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer rubber, isoprene-isobutylene copolymer rubber and ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer rubber, and a reinforcing agent and a fluorine-based additive having a perfluoroalkyl group containing copolymer.

Abstract: A differential current source circuit includes three P-channel MOSFETs and two N-channel MOSFETs. Each source of first and second P-channel MOSFETs is connected to a power supply, and a bias voltage is applied to each gate of the MOSFETs. A current path of the first N-channel MOSFET is connected between a drain of the first P-channel MOSFET and a ground. A current path of the third P-channel MOSFET is connected between a drain of the second P-channel MOSFET and a current output terminal. A gate of the third P-channel MOSFET is connected to the drain of the first P-channel MOSFET. One end of a current path of the second N-channel MOSFET is connected to a connecting point of the first P-channel and first N-channel MOSFETs, and the other end is connected to a connecting point of the second P-channel and third P-channel MOSFETs. A digital signal is applied to a gate of the second N-channel MOSFET.

Abstract: In a sense amplifier circuit, an output potential is set in a data output state when an operation of the sense amplifier is a worst pass before the start of read access. In a memory read mode, when data corresponding to the worst-pass operation of the sense amplifier circuit is read out, the circuit is previously set in a corresponding data output state. A time delay (gate delay) by a gate does not occur. In contrast, when data corresponding to the best-pass operation of the sense amplifier circuit is read out, the gate delay occurs by this operation. The gate delay, however, is shorter than that of the worst pass. As a result, only the best pass is present as the operation mode of the sense amplifier circuit. Therefore, a high operation speed is achieved, so that a high read speed of the entire memory is achieved.

Abstract: Disclosed is a braking apparatus for a rod-less cylinder. A transfer member (3) arranged outside a cylinder body (1) is coupled to a piston (2) disposed movably within the cylinder body (1), and moves together with the piston (2). A brake rail (8) is arranged on the outer side surface of the cylinder body (1), extending in parallel to the moving direction of the piston (2). A braking member (16) faces the brake rail (8) in such a manner as to be engageable therewith, and disengageable therefrom, and is moved to a contact position where it engages the brake rail (8), and a release position where it disengages from the brake rail (8) by an operation member (17), to accomplish the braking and unbraking of the transfer member (3).

Abstract: The gate of a first P-channel transistor of a first comparator is supplied with an input signal, and the gate of a second P-channel transistor of the first comparator is supplied with a reference voltage. An output terminal of the first comparator is connected to an output circuit and the gates of first and second P-channel transistors of a second comparator are supplied with the reference voltage. The second comparator outputs a voltage equal to a stand-by time output voltage of the first comparator and the output voltage from the second comparator is supplied to the non-inversion input terminal of a third comparator which is connected to a voltage generating circuit. The voltage generating circuit has substantially the same dimension ratio as the output circuit and generates a voltage equal to the threshold voltage of the output circuit.