Abstract: An IC chip includes a built-in semiconductor and a plurality of bumps exposed to the exterior and provided on a surface, the bumps being pressed and bonded to a substrate or the like using an ACF (Aniosotropic Conductive Film). With respect to at least one of the bumps among the plurality of bumps, the height H of the outer portion is determined to be larger than the height H of the inner portion. When the ACF is pressed by the IC chip, conductive particles in the ACF are prevented from outwardly escaping from the bump by the high outer portion. Therefore, a greater number of conductive particles can be trapped around the bump.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus is provided which requires a small, thin and compact area for mounting semiconductor chips for driving liquid crystal and, accordingly, has a reduced cost. Semiconductor chips for driving liquid crystal are mounted on a surface (for example, a first layer) of a multi-layer substrate. The surface has input lines to the chips and output lines from the chips. The input lines have lands for connecting adjacent multi-layer substrates to each other. At least one intermediate layer is formed between an upper layer and a lower layer, the intermediate layer having bus lines. The bus lines and the input lines of the first layer are connected to one another via through holes in the first layer. The output lines of the first layer and terminals of the third layer are connected to one another via through holes in the first, second and third layers.

Abstract: A cutout portion 12 is formed by partially cutting out a board along a predetermined fold and a first portion 14 and a second portion 15 partitioned along the fold are folded and attached together into a unitary body by a bonding agent or thermal fusing. Formed on a surface of the printed wiring board 11 is a conductor pattern 17 that continuously runs across the fold at the cutout portion between the first portion and the second portion, and thus the conductor pattern assuring continuity between both sides of a printed wiring board 20 results without the need for providing through-holes. By employing such a printed wiring board, a compact and low-cost feature can be implemented into electronic apparatuses or portable information apparatuses, such as liquid crystal display devices or electronic printers, through a miniature, light-weight and flat design effort.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus is provided which requires a small, thin and compact area for mounting semiconductor chips for driving liquid crystal and, accordingly, has a reduced cost. Semiconductor chips for driving liquid crystal are mounted on a surface (for example, a first layer) of a multi-layer substrate. The surface has input lines to the chips and output lines from the chips. The input lines have lands for connecting adjacent multi-layer substrates to each other. At least one intermediate layer is formed between an upper layer and a lower layer, the intermediate layer having bus lines. The bus lines and the input lines of the first layer are connected to one another via through holes in the first layer. The output lines of the first layer and terminals of the third layer are connected to one another via through holes in the first, second and third layers.

Abstract: A driving IC is face-down bonded to a substrate. The thickness T of the driving IC is greater than the thickness t of an opposing substrate of a liquid crystal panel and an upper surface of the driving IC is made higher than an upper surface of the opposing substrate. The upper surface of the driving IC is heated and pressed by a bonding tool to bond bumps of the driving IC to interconnecting lines and bond the driving IC to the substrate with an adhesive. It is thus possible to sufficiently heat and press the driving IC without contact between the bonding tool and the opposing substrate, thereby permitting bonding with high reliability.

Abstract: Liquid crystal display device wherein, in addition to the semiconductor chip for liquid crystal drive, a liquid crystal drive circuit or all or some of the other electronic components required for the liquid crystal display control circuit are mounted on one circuit board made from regular hard substrate materials, and the output terminals of said circuit board are connected directly to the liquid crystal cell using an anisotropic conductive film or other known means. The input terminals of the circuit board are connected directly to the terminals of the main unit substrate of the electronic device wherein the liquid crystal display device is installed via a flexible cable, a rubber connector made from conductive rubber or an anisotropic conductive film, or by solder or adhesive.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus is provided which requires a small, thin and compact area for mounting semiconductor chips for driving liquid crystal and, accordingly, has a reduced cost. Semiconductor chips for driving liquid crystal are mounted on a surface (for example, a first layer) of a multi-layer substrate. The surface has input lines to the chips and output lines from the chips. The input lines have lands for connecting adjacent multi-layer substrates to each other. At least one intermediate layer is formed between an upper layer and a lower layer, the intermediate layer having bus lines. The bus lines and the input lines of the first layer are connected to one another via through holes in the first layer. The output lines of the first layer and terminals of the third layer are connected to one another via through holes in the first, second and third layers.

Abstract: A magneto-optical disc (1) includes a write/read magnetic layer (4) with high coercivity on a substrate (2) and an auxiliary magnetic layer (6) with low coercivity thereon in a magnetostatically coupled manner. Both the magnetic layers are recorded. Prior to or during reading, an external magnetic field of controlled strength is applied to initialize the auxiliary magnetic layer (6). The recorded magnetization information in the write/read magnetic layer (4) is read out by irradiating reading light from the side of write/read magnetic layer (4). Reading with improved C/N is possible.

Abstract: A magneto-optical disc includes a pit forming region and a groove forming region on a surface of a substrate and a recording layer covering the pit and groove forming regions. The pit forming region includes a row of pits having a width of 0.40-0.55 .mu.m and a depth of 600-900 .ANG. and the groove forming region includes a spiral groove having a width of 0.95-1.15 .mu.m and a depth of 600-900 .ANG.. The disc is recorded and read by using an optical head with an objective lens having a numerical aperture of 0.40 to 0.50 and directing linearly polarized laser light having a wavelength of 600 to 900 nm to the disc such that its electric field vector has a direction perpendicular to the groove and the pit row. Tracking, seeking and information retrieval can be done with minimal errors using the same laser light beam in both the pit and groove forming regions.

Abstract: This invention has for its object to provide a magneto-optical recording medium at low costs, which is high in magnetic field sensitivity and reliability, and enables high C/N to be obtained even at high linear velocity.The magneto-optical recording medium of this invention includes on a substrate a first dielectric film, a recording film of a rare earth element-transition element alloy (including Fe), a second dieleetric film containing a metal element M and nitrogen N and a reflective film. In this medium, the recording film is up to 65 nm in thickness, and the respective diffusion indices of oxygen, nitrogen and metal element M in the vicinity of the boundary between the second dielectric and recording films are within the predetermined ranges, when the element distribution is measured by Auger electron spectroscopy under the predetermined conditions. The maximum value of the oxygen content in the vicinity of said boundary is 5 to 25 at %.

Abstract: A magneto-optical disc is fabricated by forming a first dielectric film, a recording film of a rare earth element-transition element alloy, and a second dielectric film on a transparent substrate in the described order and further forming an intermediate film between the recording film and the second dielectric film. The second dielectric film contains at least one metal element and nitrogen. By depositing Ti, Cr or Nb to form an intermediate film of 1-28 .ANG. thick, the disc is improved in magnetic field sensitivity and reliability. By depositing Co or Ni to form an intermediate film of 1-18 .ANG. thick, the disc is improved in magnetic field sensitivity and reproduction stability.

Abstract: A toner composition for electrophotography comprises at least a binder, a coloring agent and optionally a low molecular weight wax in an amount ranging from 0.5 to 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the binder as essential components wherein the binder comprises, as a principal component, a resin mixture prepared by heating a resin solution comprising a styrene resin and a block copolymer which comprises blocks derived from at least one member selected from ethylenic hydrocarbons and conjugated diene hydrocarbons and blocks derived from styrene and/or a hydrogenated product thereof in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the styrene resin to remove the solvent. The low molecular weight wax may be included in the binder.

Abstract: An optical recording medium comprising a recording layer on a substrate and an intermediate layer between the substrate and the recording layer exhibits high reflectance and corrosion resistance when the intermediate layer comprises silicon, aluminum, oxygen, nitrogen, and at least one element selected from the group consisting of yttrium, lanthanide elements and actinide elements, and contains 0.1 to 2 atom % of the element and 20 to 90 atom % of silicon and nitrogen combined or 2 to 35 atom % of the element and 20 to 95 atom % of silicon and nitrogen combined.

Abstract: A resin composition for an electrophotographic toner is here disclosed which comprises an ethylene series high polymer (Y) and an ethylene series polymer (X) prepared from 100 parts of a bifunctional ethylene series unsaturated monomer and 0.01-10 parts by weight of a substance having three or more peroxide groups in the molecule and/or a substance having one or more unsaturated functional groups and one or more peroxide groups in the molecule, Mw/Mb (Mw is weight-average molecular weight, and Mb is weight-average molecular weight between crosslinking points) of said polymer (X) being from 2 to 99, Mw of said polymer (X) being 50,000 or less. This resin composition is excellent in the balance of various physical properties required for the toner, and particularly, it is excellent in offset resistance and toner strength.

Abstract: A resin composition for use in an electrophotographic toner which comprises an ethylenic polymer (L) having a M.sub.w of not greater than 20,000 and an acid value of 2 to 100 mg KOH/g, and an ethylenic polymer (H) having a M.sub.w of not less than 150,000, a M.sub.w /M.sub.n ratio of not less than 5.0 and a time constant for triboelectric charging (.tau.) of 1.2 to 25, the ethylenic polymers (L) and (H) being present in a weight ratio ranging from 15:85 to 85:15. This resin composition can improve the triboelectric charging properties of the toner.

Abstract: An optical recording disk includes on a substrate 2, a dye recording layer 3, a lower reflective lamina 4, an upper reflective lamina 5, and a protective coat 6. The lower reflective lamina 4 is formed of Au, Pt, Ag, Al or an alloy thereof and the upper reflective lamina 5 is of a stainless steel composition or an alloy containing 30 wt % or more of Cu and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Zn, Ti, V, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Rh, Ni, Pd, Pt, Ag, Au, Al, Sn, Si, Pb, Cd, Hg, Ca, In, As, Sb, Bi, Se, Te, Ge, N and O. The disk is well reliable and less costly.

Abstract: In a magneto-optical disk comprising a disk-shaped substrate including a grooved region in its surface and a recording layer covering the grooved region, the groove is defined by a pair of opposed side walls and a bottom in a radial cross section of the substrate and has a depth from the substrate surface to the groove bottom. The angle .theta. included between tangents to the side walls is at least 120 degrees, and the groove has a half-value width of 0.90 to 1.15 .mu.m and a depth of 600 to 900 .ANG.. The disk produces satisfactory values of push-pull signal level, radial contrast, and C/N ratio.

Abstract: The present invention provides electrophotographic toner which comprises as a principal component a mixture of 20-80 parts by weight of a first ethylene polymer (X) whose weight-average molecular weight (Mw) is at least 200,000 and a second ethylene polymer (Y) whose Z average molecular weight/number-average molecular weight (Mz/Mn) is at least 6 and Mw is not greater than 50,000. According to this invention, electrophotographic toner of wide non-offset range can be obtained and, images of stable quality in a low heat quantity, which have not been attained by the prior art, can be obtained.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic toner for high-speed copying machines having a high hot-roll speed and capable of fixing a toner at lower temperatures. The toner according to the present invention comprises a vinyl resin which has a wide molecular-weight distribution (Mn:1,000-20,000, Mw: 50,000-2,000,000), a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 40.degree.-75.degree. C. and a low acid value (AV:1-10); and a glycidyl compound in an amount sufficient to provide 0.05-1.0 equivalent of glycidyl groups per equivalent of COOH groups in the vinyl resin. It assures well-balanced fixing property, offset resistance and blocking resistance. In particular, it exhibits a remarkable effect in improving offset resistance and also in grindability during the production of the toner.

Abstract: This invention discloses electrophotographic toners and the methods for their preparation. The electrophotographic toners contain resin and coloring agents as primary components. The resin is a non-crosslinked polymer of vinyl monomers or its mixtures, and has a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 2,000-15,000, a Z average molecular weight (Mz) of not less than 400,000 and Mz/Mn of 50-600. The electrophotographic toners exert an excellent fixing ability at high duplication speed or at lower temperatures.