Abstract: In plant for hydrogenating coal to form hydrocarbons, wherein coal in powder or piece form is fed from a hopper into a preparation chamber, is compressed, conveyed and heated by a rotor comprising a rotating friction element and passed, through a feed aperture, into a hydrogenation chamber wherein hydrogen is injected into it by nozzles, monitoring and controlling means are provided whereby upon the pressure in the hydrogenation chamber rising above that in the end of the preparation chamber adjacent the hydrogenation chamber, as measured by sensors and gauges, the feed aperture is closed and the rotor is stopped. Preferably the feed aperture is closed by providing a conical portion on the rotor and a conical seat on the cylinder forming the chamber, the rotor normally being held in a position to keep the feed aperture open by an hydraulic cylinder but upon the pressure sensors sensing over pressure in the chamber, the cylinder is vented by control means to close the feed aperture.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for converting, i.e. hydrogenating, dry particles of coal with hydrogen to give hydrocarbons such as engine or heating fuels. The invention combines together several steps in the hydrogenation process, such as compressing the dry coal, heating, plasticizing and hydrogenating, in one apparatus. The apparatus comprises a housing, preferably a cylinder containing a feed and preparation portion of a chamber with a rotatable friction element therein and an immediately adjoining hydrogenation portion of the chamber with a rotating rotor therein and with static mixing nozzles projecting thereinto, through which nozzles heated hydrogen can be injected into the coal which has been brought, by the friction element into a heated, plastic state. The friction element and rotor can be driven by a single drive means, the feed and preparation portion of the chamber can be fed with coal from a hopper through a wheel lock and the hydrocarbon products can be ejected through a valve into a separator.

Abstract: SZ twisting of stranding elements of electric or optical cables and lines is accomplished by means of twisting apparatus which consists of a twisting section defined by a first and a second twisting point within which at least one twisting head is arranged. The twisting head includes at least one deflection pulley or deflection roller which is stationary in the circumferential direction of the material to be twisted and with which the material to be twisted is in contact over part of the circumference. The axis of the deflection pulley or deflection roller is set at an angle to the axis of the tautly conducted material to be twisted. The inclination of this axis can be varied at intervals and the location of the deflection pulley or deflection roller relative to the material to be twisted can be changed at intervals. By setting the axis at an angle, a force component in the tangential direction which leads to a twisting of the material to be twisted, is exerted on the material to be twisted.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for converting, i.e. hydrogenating, dry particles of coal with hydrogen to give hydrocarbons such as engine or heating fuels. The invention combines together several steps in the hydrogenation process, such as compressing the dry coal, heating, plasticized and hydrogenating, in one apparatus. The apparatus comprises a housing, preferably a cylinder containing a feed and preparation portion of a chamber with a rotatable friction element therein and an immediately adjoining hydrogenation portion of the chamber with a rotating rotor therein and with static mixing nozzles projecting thereinto, through which nozzles heated hydrogen can be injected into the coal which has been brought, by the friction element into a heated, plastic state. The friction element and rotor can be driven by a single drive means, the feed and preparation portion of the chamber can be fed with coal from a hopper through a wheel lock and the hydrocarbon products can be ejected through a valve into a separator.

Abstract: A process for the production of a powdery, thermoplastic copolymer of ethylene and butene-(1) having a density of up to about 0.930 g/cm.sup.3 which comprises copolymerizing a mixture of ethylene and butene-(1) at 50.degree.-95.degree. C. and 10-100 bar in the presence of a catalyst which comprises (1) the reaction product of a chlorine and/or alkoxy-containing vanadyl (V) compound and an organic aluminum compound selected from the group consisting of ethyl aluminum dichloride, diethyl aluminum chloride, isobutyl aluminum dichloride, diisobutyl aluminum chloride, and mixtures thereof, and (2) an aluminum alkyl activating compound therefor, selected from the group consisting of aluminum trialkyls, alkyl aluminum sesquichloride, alkyl aluminum dichloride, and mixtures thereof, wherein the polymerization reaction is carried out in a solvent which comprises liquid butene-(1).

Abstract: The present invention provides 12-dehydrodigoxin oximes of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which can be the same or different, are hydrogen atoms, lower acyl radicals or lower alkyl radicals or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together can represent an alkylidene radical containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms and R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl or aralkyl radical. The present invention also provides a process for the preparation of these oximes and pharmaceutical compositions containing them and is also concerned with the use of these oximes for the preparation of pharmaceuticals for the treatment of cardiac insufficiency.

Abstract: In a plant for hydrogenating coal to form hydrocarbons, wherein coal in powder or piece form is fed from a hopper into a preparation chamber, is compressed, conveyed and heated by a rotor comprising a rotating friction element and passed, through a feed aperture, into a hydrogenation chamber wherein hydrogen is injected into it by nozzles, monitoring and controlling means are provided whereby upon the pressure in the hydrogenation chamber rising above that in the end of the preparation chamber adjacent the hydrogenation chamber, as measured by sensors and gauges, the feed aperture is closed and the rotor is stopped. Preferably the feed aperture is closed by providing a conical portion on the rotor and a conical seat on the cylinder forming the chamber, the rotor normally being held in a position to keep the feed aperture open by an hydraulic cylinder but upon the pressure sensors sensing over pressure in the chamber, the cylinder is vented by control means to close the feed aperture.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for sealing the drive end of a chamber for the preparation and hydrogenation of coal with hydrogen to form hydrocarbons in which the chamber comprises a hollow cylinder with a rotatable element therein having a conveying web thereon and in a sealing region a pressurized sealing substance such as coal particles mixed with oil is fed from a storage container through a feed passage into an annular recess at a pressure higher than that in the chamber so that the sealing substance passes through a conical annular gap which tapers towards the chamber. A further narrower gap on the drive side of the recess leads to a further annular recess from which the sealing substance can be extracted through a return pipe. Pressure comparison means control the feed pressure in the feed passage. The recesses and the annular gap can be provided by machining the rotatable element rather than the hollow cylinder and forward feed screw forms may be provided on the rotatable element in the sealing region.

Abstract: A dressing tool for a gear machine grinding wheel has a disc with a notch reproducing the tooth space of the gear ground by the machine. The flanks of the space open radially inward into a bore. A strip coated with diamond granules is removably affixed to the sides of the notch and looped around a clamp bolt in the bore which holds the strip taut. The tool, when dressing the wheel, is guided in the same manner as a gear when being ground.

Abstract: The screw for an extruder for working plastic material and rubber comprises along its length several zones with different numbers of threads or webs. In at least one portion of its length, the screw has a plurality of single thread zones alternating with two-thread zones. In each of the two-thread zones there are two webs which are diametrically disposed and extend parallel to the axis of the screw. These axially extending webs have inclined or wedge shaped flanks so that a wedge shaped aperture is formed between the cylinder wall of the extruder and the wedge shaped flanks of the axially extending webs. One web of the two-thread zone joins the web of the preceding single thread zone and the other web of the two-thread zone joins the web of the following single thread zone at the points where the axially extending webs meet the webs of the two-thread zone.

Abstract: Apparatus for extruding plastic material, rubber and other thermoplasts and elastomers comprises two screw extruders each having a casing with a cylindrical bore and with a feed inlet and discharge, an extruder screw rotatable in the cylindrical bore of the casing and drive means at the opposite end of the casing from the discharge for rotating the extruder screw. The discharge of the first extruder is connected to the feed inlet of the second extruder so that material extruded by the first extruder is fed into the second extruder. A vacuum is applied to the interior of the casing of the second extruder in the vicinity of the inlet opening in order to degas material received in the second extruder from the first extruder. At a point slightly downstream from the inlet of the second extruder there is provided pressure responsive means for sensing pressure variations in the bore of the extruder.

Abstract: Extruding apparatus comprises a first screw extruder feeding into the inlet of a second screw extruder, such inlet being located at an intermediate position between the driving means and the discharge of the second extruder. Degassing means which applies a vacuum to the material fed into the second extruder tends to draw off particles of material entrained in the gas which is drawn off. The screw of the second extruder has a first screw portion which acts in a direction to propel the main mass of material from the inlet to the discharge of the second extruder and a second screw portion which acts in the opposite direction to propel the drawn off material from the inlet to an outlet which is located between the inlet and the driving means and which opens into a vacuum chamber. A third screw portion located between the outlet and the driving means acts in the same direction as the first portion and hence toward the outlet.

Abstract: New heterocyclic-substituted nebularin compounds of the formula: ##SPC1##WhereinR.sub.1 is hydrogen, halogen or amino;R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, which may be the same or different, are hydrogen, hydroxyl, lower alkyl, alkoxy or hydroxyalkyl; andn is 2 or 3 or, when R.sub.1 is a halogen atom or an amino group, n can also be 1; and the pharmacologically compatible salts thereof;Are outstandingly effective in reducing body fat levels in mammals, e.g., the concentration of free fatty acids, of triglycerides and of cholesterol in serum.