Abstract: An engine device includes an engine including an in-cylinder injection valve and a spark plug, an exhaust gas control device, and a controller. The controller is configured to perform a last fuel injection from the in-cylinder injection valve in an expansion stroke and to set a fuel injection amount for the last fuel injection in expansion stroke injection driving, based on a coolant start temperature, post-start time, and volumetric efficiency. The expansion stroke injection driving is a control that is performed by performing the ignition by the spark plug in synchronization with the fuel injection in the expansion stroke.

Abstract: Disclosed is a salt represented by formula (I): wherein, in formula (I), Q1 and Q2 each independently represent a fluorine atom or the like, R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or the like, Z represents an integer of 0 to 6, X1 represents *—CO—O— or the like, where * represents a bonding site to C(R1)(R2) or C(Q1)(Q2), L1 represents a single bond or a saturated hydrocarbon group, and —CH2— included in the saturated hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —SO2— or —CO—, A1 represents a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, Ra represents a cyclic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, and Z+ represents an organic cation.

Abstract: A hybrid vehicle includes an engine, an exhaust gas recirculation device, a traveling motor, and a control device. The exhaust gas recirculation device includes a communication pipe that allows an exhaust pipe and an intake pipe of the engine to communicate with each other and a valve that is provided in the communication pipe. The control device is configured to perform foreign matter removal control for opening and closing the valve when foreign matter caught in the valve is detected and the hybrid vehicle stops.

Abstract: Disclosed is a resin including a structural unit represented by formula (a1-5) and a structural unit represented by formula (I), and a resist composition: wherein Ra8 represents an alkyl group which may have a halogen atom, a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; Za1 represents a single bond or *—(CH2)h3—CO-L54-; h3 represents an integer of 1 to 4; L51, L52, L53 and L54 each independently represent —O— or —S—; s1 represents an integer of 1 to 3; s1? represents an integer of 0 to 3; R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; A1 represents a single bond or *—CO—O—; R2 represents a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a haloalkyl group or an alkyl group; mi represents an integer of 1 to 3; and ni represents an integer of 0 to 4, in which mi+ni?5.

Abstract: An input unit 81 inputs pieces of training data indicating products as targets of a behavior in accordance with preferences of users. An estimation unit 82 estimates a preference distribution indicating the preferences of each user corresponding to product attributes and a preference degree of the user between the products for the product attributes indicating characteristics of the products based on the product attributes and the training data. The estimation unit 82 estimates the preference distribution and the preference degree between the products by using the training data when a behavior probability for the product based on the training data is calculated by a product of a probability of the preference of the user selected based on the preference distribution and a probability of selecting a specific product based on the preference of the user selected with the probability and the preference degree between the products.

Abstract: Disclosed are a salt represented by formula (I), an acid generator and a resist composition: wherein Q1 and Q2 each represent a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group; R11 and R12 each represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group; z represents an integer of 0 to 6; X0 represents *—CO—O—, *—O—CO—, etc.; L1 represents a single bond or a hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent; Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent; X1 represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; R1 represents a halogen atom or a haloalkyl group; R2 represents a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a haloalkyl group or an alkyl group; m1 represents an integer of 1 to 6; m2 represents an integer of 0 to 4; and Z+ represents an organic cation.

Abstract: Disclosed are a salt represented by formula (I), an acid generator and a resist composition: wherein Q1 and Q2 each represent a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group; R11 and R12 each represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group; z represents an integer of 0 to 6; X1 and X2 each represent *—CO—O—, *—O—CO—, etc.; L1 represents a single bond or a hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent; A1 represents a group having a lactone structure which may have a substituent; L2 and L3 each represent a single bond or an alkanediyl group; R1 represents an iodine atom or a haloalkyl group; R2 represents a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a haloalkyl group or an alkyl group; m2 represents an integer of 0 to 4; and Z+ represents an organic cation.

Abstract: Provided are a carboxylate capable of producing a resist pattern with satisfactory CD uniformity (CDU), and a resist composition. Disclosed are a carboxylate represented by formula (I) and a resist composition: wherein Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, X1 represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, R1 represents a halogen atom or a haloalkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R2 represents a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a haloalkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, —CH2— included in the haloalkyl group and the alkyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, m1 represents an integer of 1 to 6, m2 represents an integer of 0 to 4, and Z+ represents an organic cation.

Abstract: A photoresist composition comprising a resin which comprises a structural unit represented by the formula (I): and a salt represented by the formula (B1):

Abstract: Disclosed is a resin comprising a structural unit derived from a compound represented by formula (I?) and a structural unit having an acid-labile group: wherein R1 and R2 each independently represent an alkyl group which may have a halogen atom, a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, L1 represents a group represented by formula (X1-1), etc., L11, L13, L15 and L17 each independently represent an alkanediyl group, L12, L14, L16 and L18 each independently represent —O—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO— or —O—CO—O—, and * and ** are bonds, and ** represents a bond to an iodine atom.

Abstract: Disclosed are a salt represented by formula (I), an acid generator and a resist composition: wherein R1, R2 and R3 each represent I or F, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 each represent a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a haloalkyl group or a hydrocarbon group, X1, X2 and X3 each represent O or S, m1 and m7 represent an integer of 0 to 5, m2, m3, m4, m5, m6, m8 and m9 represent an integer of 0 to 4, in which 0?m1+m7?5, 0?m2+m8?4, 0?m3+m9?4, at least one of m1, m2, m3 represents an integer of 1 or more, X4 represents a single bond, —CH2—, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —SO— or —SO2—, and AI? represents an organic anion.

Abstract: A salt represented by formula (I), an acid generator and a resist composition: wherein R1, R2 and R3 each represent a hydroxy group, —O—R10, —O—CO—O—R10, —O-L1-CO—O—R10; R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 each represent a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, etc.; L1 represents an alkanediyl group; R10 represents an acid-labile group; X1, X2 and X3 each represent an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; m1 and m7 represent an integer of 0 to 5, m2 to m6 and m8, m9 represent an integer of 0 to 4, in which 0?m1+m7?5, 0?m2+m8?4, 0?m3+m9?4, and at least one of m1, m2 and m3 represents an integer of 1 or more; X4 represents a single bond, —CH2—, —O—, —S—, etc.; and AI? represents an organic anion.

Abstract: An engine device includes an engine including an in-cylinder injection valve and a spark plug, an exhaust gas control device, and a controller. The controller is configured to perform a last fuel injection from the in-cylinder injection valve in an expansion stroke and to set a fuel injection amount for the last fuel injection in expansion stroke injection driving, based on a coolant start temperature, post-start time, and volumetric efficiency. The expansion stroke injection driving is a control that is performed by performing the ignition by the spark plug in synchronization with the fuel injection in the expansion stroke.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compound represented by formula (I): in formula (I), R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, X1 and X2 each independently represent a group represented by any one of formula (X1?1) to formula (X1?8): A1 and A2 each independently represent an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and —CH2— included in the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —S(O)2—, and R3 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and —CH2— included in the hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —S(O)2—.

Abstract: A salt represented by formula (I), a generator and a resist composition: wherein R1 and R2 each independently represent an iodine atom, a fluorine atom or an alkyl fluoride group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R4, R5, R7 and R8 each independently represent a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a haloalkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, —CH2— included in the haloalkyl group and the alkyl group may be replaced by —O—, —CO—, —S— or —SO2?; X1 and X2 each independently represent an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; m1 represents 1 to 5, m2 and m8 represent 0 to 5, and m4, m5 and m7 represent an integer of 0 to 4, in which 1?m1+m7?5, 0?m2+m8?5; and AI? represents an organic anion.

Abstract: Disclosed are a compound represented by formula (I), a resin and a resist composition: wherein R1 represents an alkyl group which may have a halogen atom, a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; L1 represents a single bond or —CO—O*; R3 represents an alkyl group, and —CH2— included in the group may be replaced by —O— or —CO; R4 represents a fluorine atom, an alkyl fluoride group or an alkyl group, and —CH2—included in the alkyl fluoride group and the alkyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—; R5 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkylcarbonyl group or an acid-labile group; m2 and m3 represent an integer of 1 to 3, m4 represents an integer of 0 to 2, and m5 represents 1 or 2, in which 3?m2+m3+m4+m5?5.

Abstract: Disclosed are a compound represented by formula (I), a resin and a resist composition: wherein R1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a halogen, hydrogen or halogen atom, R2 and R3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R4 represents a fluorine atom, an alkyl fluoride group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and —CH2— included in the alkyl fluoride group and the alkyl group may be replaced by —O— or —CO—, R5 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms or an acid-labile group, m2 represents an integer of 1 to 4, m4 represents an integer of 0 to 3, and m5 represents 1 or 2, in which 2?m2+m4+m5?5.

Abstract: Disclosed is a resin comprising a structural unit derived from a compound represented by formula (I) and a structural unit having an acid-labile group: wherein R1 represents a hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, R2 each independently represent an alkyl group which may have a halogen atom, a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, L1 represents a group represented by formula (L1-1), etc., L11, L13, L15 and L17 each independently represent an alkanediyl group, L12, L14, L16 and L18 each independently represent —O—, —CO—, —CO—O—, etc., * and ** are bonds, and ** represents a bond to an iodine atom.

Abstract: A salt represented by formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydroxy group, —O—R10, —O—CO—O—R10 or —O-L1-CO—O—R10; L1 represents an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R4, R5, R7 and R8 each independently represent a halogen atom, an alkyl fluoride group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, the hydrocarbon group may have a substituent, and —CH2— included in the hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —CO—, —S— or —SO2—; R10 represents an acid-labile group; X1 and X2 each independently represent an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; m1 represents an integer of 1 to 5, m2 and m8 represent an integer of 0 to 5, m4, m5 and m7 represent an integer of 0 to 4; and AI? represents an organic anion.

Abstract: A carboxylate represented by formula (I), a quencher and a resist composition including the same: wherein R1, R2 and R3 each represent a halogen atom, an alkyl fluoride group or a hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, —CH2— included in the hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —CO—, —S— or —SO2—, m1 represents an integer of 0 to 5, m2 represents an integer of 0 to 4, m3 represents an integer of 0 to 3, and X1 represents a single bond, —CH2—, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —SO— or —SO2—.