Abstract: A spectrum analyzer comprises a mixer, which mixes complex conjugate input signal v*(t) into a base band signal x(t) and a resolution filter, which filters the base band signal for narrow band. In accordance with two aspects of the invention, the resolution filter has either a complex pulse response hused(t)=C1·e−C2·t2·e−j·C3·t2 or a real pulse response hused(t)=C4·e−C5·t2, in which C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5 are constants.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for analysing an OFDM signal (rIF(t)) transporting a series of data symbols on several orthogonal carrier frequencies, each data symbol having a useful part separated by a guard period from neighbouring data symbols, with an analysing device (40) having a signal section (20) with a bandwidth (BWA) smaller than the bandwidth (BWOFDM) of the OFDM signal. The method comprises the steps of low pass filtering of the OFDM signal with a low pass filter (24) and shifting (26) the spectrum of the OFDM signal in order to obtain a frequency shifted filtered OFDM signal (r(i)), whereby the length of the impulse response of the low pass filter (24) is shorter than the length of the guard periods of the data symbols.

Abstract: An apparatus for the determination of the magnitude of a noise (TDUT) of an electronic object to be measured (2) includes a sine signal source (1), which generates a sine signal (Sin) for input into said object to be measured (2) and a level meter (3) for the measurement of a power level at the output of the said object to be measured (2). In accord with the invention, the level meter (3) possesses a sine power detector device (31) for the capture of a sine power level ({circumflex over (P)}sin) and has a noise power level detector device (32) for a separate capture of a noise power level ({circumflex over (P)}noise).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to a device for fastening at least one pipe and/or at least one empty duct (2) on the inner wall (3) of a placed sewer pipe (4). The inventive method is characterized by introducing the at least one pipe and/or empty duct (2) into the sewer pipe, pressing it against the inner wall of the sewer pipe and fastening it by using an adhesive compound (22). The at least one pipe and/or empty duct (2) is guided towards the inner wall (3) in the longitudinal and transverse direction of the sewer pipe (4) in a controlled manner and the object (2) to be placed is included between the inner wall (3) and an inliner (14). The inventive device is characterized by an adjustable guide device (5) that is, according to a preferred embodiment, provided with a swan-neck-shaped, rotatable or swivelable guide element (6).

Abstract: A resampler converts a digital input sequence with an input sampling into a digital output signal sequence with an output sampling rate. An estimation device estimates the sampling rate ratio between the input sampling rate and the output sampling rate and the desired phase of the output signal sequence in an observation interval with a predetermined length of N samples of the output signal sequence, the observation intervals overlapping in the ratio 1:6. A control device compares the actual phase of the output signal sequence with the desired phase and, in a manner dependent on the estimated sampling rate ratio and the deviation of the actual phase from the desired phase, generates a control signal for in each case N/6 samples of the output signal sequence. An interpolator interpolates the input signal sequence for the purpose of generating the output signal sequence at sampling instants whose temporal position is predetermined by a control signal.

Abstract: A method for shared estimation of parameters (&egr;, &phgr;, |C1|, C0, &agr;, &Dgr;&ohgr;) is described, which together with an error vector e(k), describe the connection between a digitally modulated reference signal inputted to a transmission channel and a received receiver signal z(k) which is at an end of the transmission channel. The method includes the following steps: forming the error vector e(k) in dependence of the parameters (&egr;, &phgr;, |C1|, C0, &agr;, &Dgr;&ohgr;), a reference signal s(k), and the receiver signal z(k); linearizing the error vector e(k); substituting a real parameter of the linearized error vector through components of a estimation vector, wherein a substituted error vector is produced; inserting the substituted error vector into the cost function; and determining the estimation vector through gradient development of the cost function and subsequently setting the gradient to zero.

Abstract: A resampler (1) is used to convert a digital input signal string (Sin) with an input sampling rate (fin) into a digital output signal string (Sout) with an output sampling rate (fout). An estimating unit (11) estimates a sampling rate ratio (Rk) between the input sampling rate (fin) and the output sampling rate (fout) and a setpoint phase of the output signal string (Sout). A regulating unit (12) compares an actual phase of the output signal string (Sout) to the setpoint phase, and generates a control signal (RTC,k) as a function of the estimated sampling rate ratio (Rk) and a deviation of the actual phase from the setpoint phase. An interpolator (7) interpolates the input signal string (Sin) for producing the output signal string (Sout) at sampling times whose temporal position is determined by the control signal (RTC,k).

Abstract: The invention concerns a procedure for the estimation of unknown parameters (&Dgr;&ohgr;, &Dgr;&phgr;, &egr;, gasync, gbcode) of a received CDMA-signal (rdsec(v)) which is transmitted by means of a transmission channel (11), in which the CDMA-signal has experienced changes to the parameters (&Dgr;&ohgr;, &Dgr;&phgr;, &egr;, gasync, gbcode), with the following steps: (a) formation of a cost function (L), which is dependent on the estimated values (&Dgr;{tilde over (&ohgr;)}, &Dgr;{tilde over (&phgr;)}, {tilde over (&egr;)}, . . . ) of combined unknown parameters (&Dgr;&ohgr;, &Dgr;&phgr;, &egr;, . . . ); (b) partial differentiation of the cost function in respect to the said estimate values (&Dgr;{tilde over (&ohgr;)}, &Dgr;{tilde over (&phgr;)}, {tilde over (&egr;)}, . . . ) of the unknown parameters (&Dgr;&ohgr;, &Dgr;&phgr;, &egr;, . . .

Abstract: A method is described for determining a time offset of a CDMA signal incurred during transfer. For each of a plurality of time offset estimates, the received chip sequence is multiplied with a conjugate complex scrambling code that is shifted by a number of chips according to one of the time offset estimates; the chip sequence is despreaded based on a spreading code of at least one selected data channel to produce a symbol sequence, and an estimated amplification factor is determined by summation of an amount of the symbol sequence. The maximum of the amplification factors for the time offset estimates when a selected data channel is active, or the minimum of the amplification factors for the time offset estimates when the selected data channel is not active is then determined.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining the parameters, in particular the characteristics of an n-gate, in particular in an amplifier (8). The parameters are determined by applying and optional simultaneous measurement of an input signal sequence with various amplitudes and measuring an output signal sequence, taking into account a skew which the output signal sequence has relative to the input signal sequence. The skew is thus determined by correlation of output signal sequence with the input signal sequence.

Abstract: A spectrum analyzer comprises a mixer, which mixes complex conjugate input signal v*(t) into a base band signal x(t) and a resolution filter, which filters the base band signal for narrow band. In accordance with two aspects of the invention, the resolution filter has either a complex pulse response hused(t)=C1·e−C·2·t2·e−j·C3t2 or a real pulse response hused(t)=C4·e−C5·t2, in which C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5 are constants.

Abstract: An interpolator includes a half band filter, a first polyphase filter, a second polyphase filter and a linear interpolation filter. The polyphase filters, respectively, interpolate before and after an interpolation instant (&Dgr;)t/Tr1) prescribed by a control signal (S).

Abstract: A resampler converts a digital input sequence with an input sampling into a digital output signal sequence with an output sampling rate. An estimation device estimates the sampling rate ratio between the input sampling rate and the output sampling rate and the desired phase of the output signal sequence in an observation interval with a predetermined length of N samples of the output signal sequence, the observation intervals overlapping in the ratio 1:6. A control device compares the actual phase of the output signal sequence with the desired phase and, in a manner dependent on the estimated sampling rate ratio and the deviation of the actual phase from the desired phase, generates a control signal for in each case N/6 samples of the output signal sequence. An interpolator interpolates the input signal sequence for the purpose of generating the output signal sequence at sampling instants whose temporal position is predetermined by a control signal.

Abstract: A resampler (1) is used to convert a digital input signal string (Sin) with an input sampling rate (fin) into a digital output signal string (Sout) with an output sampling rate (fout). An estimating unit (11) estimates a sampling rate ratio (Rk) between the input sampling rate (fin) and the output sampling rate (fout) and a setpoint phase of the output signal string (Sout). A regulating unit (12) compares an actual phase of the output signal string (Sout) to the setpoint phase, and generates a control signal (RTC,k) as a function of the estimated sampling rate ratio (Rk) and a deviation of the actual phase from the setpoint phase. An interpolator (7) interpolates the input signal string (Sin) for producing the output signal string (Sout) at sampling times whose temporal position is determined by the control signal (RTC,k).

Abstract: A method for synchronization of an input-chip-sequence (x(&ngr;)) of a CDMA-signal with a Pilot-Chip-Sequence (pn(&ngr;)) having the method steps of: dividing the Pilot-Chip-Sequence (pn(&ngr;)) into subintervals (1, 2, 3 . . . 8); assembling a particular number (2·AnzSub) of the subintervals (1, 2, 3 . . . 8) into subinterval groups; forming at least one summed subinterval group(s) (pn&Sgr;1 (&ngr;), . . . ) by linewise, pairwise arranging respective one-following-the-other subintervals (1,2; 2,3; 3,4; . . . 8,1), with the first subinterval of a particular line being respectively the second subinterval of the previous line, and column-wise adding the chips of all the line-wise, pair-wise arranged subintervals (1,2; 2,3; 3,4; . . . 8,1); and correlating the input-chip sequence with each summed subinterval group (pn&Sgr;1 (&ngr;), . . .

Abstract: A frequency estimator for estimating the frequency of a digital input signal (x(k)) includes a phase detection device (2) for determining the phase (&phgr;(k)) of the input signal (x(k)), a differentiator (3) for generating the phase difference (&phgr;diff1(k)) between adjacent samples of the phase (&phgr;(k), &phgr;(k-1)) and a filter (4) for averaging the phase difference (&phgr;diff(k)) and having a trapezoidal pulse response (hM(k)). The trapezoidal pulse response (hM(k)) is generated by superimposing a first triangular pulse response with a second triangular pulse response which is offset in time with respect to the first triangular pulse response.

Abstract: A frequency estimator for estimating the frequency of a digital input signal (x(k)) includes a phase device (2) for determining the phase (&phgr;(k)) of the input signal (x(k)), a differentiator (3) for generating the phase difference (&phgr;diff1(k)) between adjacent samples of the phase (&phgr;(k), &phgr;(k−1)) and a filter (4) for averaging the phase difference (&phgr;diff(k)) and having a trapezoidal pulse response (hM(k)). The trapezoidal pulse response (hM(k)) is generated by superimposing a first triangular pulse response with a second triangular pulse response which is offset in time with respect to the first triangular pulse response.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating the frequency (fa1) and/or the phase ((&phgr;Pa1) of a digital input signal (x(i)) comprises: a phase recording device (3) which determines phase values (Ca1(i)) of the input signal (x(i)); a first filter (4), which adds up the phase values (Ca1(i)) over a predetermined summation length N/B, which is a predetermined fraction 1/B of an observation length of N phase values (Ca1(i)), to form added-up phase values (Sa1(i)), and which reduces the sampling rate of the added-up phase values (Sa1(i)) by a factor N/B in comparison with the sampling rate (fa2) of the phase values (Ca1(i)), a second filter (8) which delays the added-up phase values (Sa1(i)) in a chain of at least B-1 delay elements (15, 16; 26-30), each delaying the added-up phase values (Sa1(i)) by one sampling period of the reduced sampling rate (fa2·B/N), and adds or subtracts the differently-delayed added-up phase values (Sa1(i)), to create a resulting pulse response (hf) of the frequency such that the resulting pu

Abstract: The invention involves an apparatus (2) for correction of a resampler with which a sampled input signal (SD), that is subjected to an input sampling rate (fA) and which has a chip frequency (fc) that differs from the input sampling rate (fA), is converted into a sampled output signal (Sc) for which the sampling rate corresponds with the chip frequency (Sc), by changing the input sampling rate (fA) by a resampling factor. The apparatus (2) includes a non-linear element (8) that subjects the input signal (SD) to a non-linear operation so that a spectral line (15) is produced at the chip frequency (fc) and a frequency shifter (9) that spectrally shifts the input signal (SD) by the chip frequency (fc). Further, a phase determining device (11) determines the phase of the shifted spectral line at the chip frequency (fc) as a function of sampling time points.

Abstract: A clinical information reporting system for use with an electronic database for a health care facility, the electronic database being a rotational and modular database for the provision of a scalable and extensible configuration preferably consisting of a workstation as the base configuration and being configurable for use in small and medium network situations and being particularly adapted for the receipt, manipulation, modification and generation of cardiology reports such as resting ECG records and stress ECG records.