Abstract: There is disclosed a semiconductor device in which capacitor means are connected to multiple input terminals via latch means, and the terminals on one side of the capacitor means are commonly connected to the input of a sense amplifier, thereby attaining a reduction of the circuit scale, improvement of the operation speed, saving of the consumption power, reduction of the manufacturing cost, and improvement of the manufacturing yield.

Abstract: A liquid crystal apparatus comprises an active matrix substrate including a plurality of scanning lines and a plurality of signal lines, transistors arranged respectively at the crossings of the scanning lines and the signal lines and having the source region connected to the corresponding signal line and the gate region connected to the corresponding scanning line and pixel electrodes connected respectively to the drain regions of the transistors, an opposite substrate disposed oppositely relative to the active matrix substrate and a liquid crystal material filled in the space between the active matrix substrate and the opposite substrate. A source region is shared by each pair of adjacently located transistors and connected to the corresponding signal line.

Abstract: A data processing method investigates second data series of a second data group relative to a first data series in a first data group to reduce processing requirements of motion vector detection. The method includes a first step for selecting an area including the second data series of the second data group based on a determination condition as to whether a function of a difference between the first data series and the second data series is within a first desired value and a second step for further selecting other data series in the selected area based on another determination condition as to whether a function of a difference between the other data series in the defined area and the first data series is within a second desired value less than the first desired value.

Abstract: A matrix substrate comprises a pixel region formed by arranging a plurality of pixel electrodes to a matrix, drive circuit regions for feeding said pixel electrodes with electric signals and sealing regions. The gaps separating the pixel electrodes are filled with insulation members of an insulating material to provide a continuous surface connecting those of the pixel electrodes and members of the material of the pixel electrodes and those of the material of the insulation members are arranged at least either in the drive circuit regions or in the sealing regions to provide a continuous surface there.

Abstract: A matrix substrate comprises a plurality of pixel electrodes arrayed in a matrix pattern, a plurality of switching elements connected to the pixel electrodes, a plurality of signal lines for supplying video signals to the plurality of switching elements, a plurality of scanning lines for supplying scanning signals to the plurality of switching elements, a horizontal driving circuit for supplying the video signals to the plurality of signal lines, and a vertical driving circuit for supplying the scanning signals to the plurality of scanning lines, wherein the horizontal driving circuit is comprised of a dynamic type circuit and the vertical driving circuit is comprised of a static type circuit.

Abstract: A lithography process for forming a pattern having different sizes or different shapes of pattern components, comprises steps of exposing a resist to a predetermined light pattern by modified illumination, and removing, at least one step of forming the resist pattern, a region of the resist by employing a lithography-developing solution containing a surfactant, the surfactant being capable of promoting dissolution of a smaller pattern component to be removed of the resist.The surfactant is represented by the general formula below:HO(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.a (CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 O).sub.b (CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.c Hwhere a, b, and c are respectively an integer.The surfactant satisfies the relation:(A+C)/(A+B+C).ltoreq.0.3where A represents the molecular weight of HO(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.a, B represents the molecular weight of (CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 O).sub.b, and C represents the molecular weight of (CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.c H.

Abstract: A visual axis detecting method and apparatus comprising a device that illuminates an eye of an observer with a scanning light source, a photoelectric conversion device that receives reflection light from the eye of the observer, and an arithmetic device that detects Purkinje images and an iris image or a pupil image of the observer's eye on the basis of an output from the photoelectric conversion device, and that detects a direction of a visual axis of the observer from positions of the detected images.

Abstract: A method of making a semiconductor device is disclosed in which the device has an insulated gate transistor in which source and drain regions are provided in a single crystal semiconductor layer formed on an insulating layer with a channel region interposed between the source and drain regions. The insulating layers just below the source and drain regions are made thicker than an insulating layer just below the channel region. The method uses substrate bonding to achieve the device.

Abstract: In a semiconductor device in which one terminal of each of plural capacitors is connected to a corresponding multiple input terminal via a switch, and the other terminals of the capacitors are commonly connected to a sense amplifier, the other terminal of at least one capacitor is commonly connected to the sense amplifier via a second switch, thereby reducing circuit scale, increasing operation speed, improving operation precision, and saving power.

Abstract: A liquid crystal apparatus comprises an active matrix substrate including a plurality of scanning lines and a plurality of signal lines, transistors arranged respectively at the crossings of the scanning lines and the signal lines and having the source region connected to the corresponding signal line and the gate region connected to the corresponding scanning line and pixel electrodes connected respectively to the drain regions of the transistors, an opposite substrate disposed oppositely relative to the active matrix substrate and a liquid crystal material filled in the space between the active matrix substrate and the opposite substrate. A source region is shared by each pair of adjacently located transistors and connected to the corresponding signal line.

Abstract: A liquid crystal apparatus comprises an active matrix substrate including a plurality of scanning lines and a plurality of signal lines, transistors arranged respectively at the crossings of the scanning lines and the signal lines and having the source region connected to the corresponding signal line and the gate region connected to the corresponding scanning line and pixel electrodes connected respectively to the drain regions of the transistors, an opposite substrate disposed oppositely relative to the active matrix substrate and a liquid crystal material filled in the space between the active matrix substrate and the opposite substrate. A source region is shared by each pair of adjacently located transistors and connected to the corresponding signal line.

Abstract: Cheap semiconductor memory devices are provided so as to enable high-speed writing and reading but rarely to malfunction, thus being high in reliability. In a semiconductor device which comprises a plurality of cells each having a semiconductor layer between a pair of conductors, at least one of the pair of conductors is made of a metal, and the semiconductor layer comprises an amorphous silicon that can form a silicide region with the metal as reacting at a reaction rate of not less than 10 m/sec. Another device is characterized in that the semiconductor layer is an amorphous silicon, in that at least one of the pair of conductors is made of a metal silicide-reacting with the amorphous silicon, and in that the silicide region formed is conic.

Abstract: There are provided a semiconductor device, in which one electrode of each capacitor is connected to multiple input terminals and the other electrodes of the capacitors are commonly connected to a sense amplifier, and which has an analog signal processing circuit arranged between at least one of the multiple input terminals for inputting signals to the capacitors and the capacitors, and a unit for resetting the commonly connected electrode sides of the capacitors, a signal processing system having a plurality of semiconductor devices each identical to the semiconductor device and performing signal processing, and a calculation method using the semiconductor device, whereby arithmetic operations of analog signals can be easily attained and high-speed processing and low consumption power can be achieved with a small circuit scale.

Abstract: In a semiconductor device in which a wiring layer is formed on the surface of a layer having a stepped portion, the wiring layer formed contains hydrogen at least at its surface portion. In a process for fabricating the semiconductor device, hydrogen is incorporated in the wiring layer in the course of, or after, the formation of the wiring layer. In particular, the wiring is heated at a temperature of from 150.degree. C. to 450.degree. C. in an atmosphere containing hydrogen gas, radical hydrogen or plasma hydrogen, without the step of exposure to the atmosphere, in the course of, or after, the formation of the wiring layer. The wiring layer is formed in an Ar and/or Xe plasma containing from 0.1% to 10% of at least one of hydrogen, radical hydrogen and plasma hydrogen.

Abstract: A compact liquid crystal display uses MOSFETs and polycrystal silicon TFTs as a peripheral drive circuit formed on a single-crystal silicon substrate. The single-crystal silicon substrate is partially hollowed out to form a display region that transmits light, and is bonded to a polarizing plate attached to a plane of a prism. In this manner, high-power transistors can be used for a peripheral drive circuit, and the polarizing plate can be directly attached to the substrate.

Abstract: An electronic circuit device includes first and second conductors and a high-resistance member arranged therebetween. The high-resistance member consists of a material which changes from a high resistivity state to a low resistivity state in accordance with a voltage applied between the first and second conductors.

Abstract: A semiconductor device having a semiconductor layer formed on a substrate having an insulating surface, comprises a first region formed by processing the semiconductor layer from one major surface thereof, and a second region formed by processing the semiconductor layer from the other major surface, the first and second regions cooperating to constitute a semiconductor function element, isolation region or the like.

Abstract: One terminals of capacitors are connected to multiple input terminals via first switch means which can select a positive or negative logic of an input signal, and the other terminals of the capacitors are commonly connected (point b) to first differential input of a differential input/output type sense amplifier via second switch. The commonly connected portion of the capacitors are connected to second differential input of the differential input/output type sense amplifier, the second differential input having a polarity opposite to that of the first differential input, thereby suppressing an increase in circuit scale due to an increase in the number of bits, and assuring high-speed arithmetic operations.

Abstract: An optical apparatus includes at least an image display device, a light source for illuminating the image display device, a light-receiving device for receiving the light reflected from the eye of an observer, and a calculation device for calculating the line of sight of the observer based on the output of the light-receiving means. At least part of the illuminating light from the light source is utilized as the illuminating light for illuminating the eye of the observer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprises two parallel substrates holding a liquid crystal material filling space between two parallel substrates, wherein one of the two parallel substrates is provided, for each picture element, with a transparent electrode and a lightshielding layer which has an opening located inside the outer periphery of the transparent electrode as observed from a direction perpendicular to the two substrates, and the lightshielding layer is designed so that the distance from an outer periphery of the transparent electrode to an outer periphery of the opening is set substantially larger on the side where rubbing of one substrate is started than on the side where the rubbing is ended, whereas it is set substantially larger on the side where the rubbing of the other substrate is ended than on the side where the rubbing is started as observed from a direction perpendicular to the two substrates.