Abstract: Disclosed is a continuous process for producing ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acids or salts thereof, comprising: 1) in a first stage, contacting (a) a transition metal precursor compound comprising at least one first ligand, (b) optionally, at least one second ligand, (c) an olefin, (d) carbon dioxide (CO2), and (e) a diluent to form a first composition; 2) in a second stage, contacting a polyanionic solid with the first composition to form a second composition; and 3) in a third stage, (a) contacting the second composition with a polar solvent to release a metal salt of an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid and form a reacted solid. Methods of regenerating the polyanionic solid are described.

Abstract: This disclosure provides for routes of synthesis of acrylic acid and other ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acids and their salts, including catalytic methods. For example, there is provided a process for producing an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, the process comprising: (1) contacting in any order, a group 8-11 transition metal precursor, an olefin, carbon dioxide, a diluent, and a metal-treated chemically-modified solid oxide such as a sulfur oxoacid anion-modified solid oxide, a phosphorus oxoacid anion-modified solid oxide, or a halide ion-modified solid oxide, to provide a reaction mixture; and (2) applying reaction conditions to the reaction mixture suitable to produce the ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid or the salt thereof. Methods of regenerating the metal-treated chemically-modified solid oxide are described.

Abstract: A pre-catalyst composition comprising a) a silica support comprising silica wherein an amount of silica ranges from about 70 wt. % to about 95 wt. % based upon a total weight of the silica support, b) a chromium-containing compound wherein an amount of chromium ranges from about 0.1 wt. % to about 5 wt. % based upon the amount of silica, c) a titanium-containing compound wherein an amount of titanium ranges from about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. % based upon the amount of silica, d) a carboxylic acid wherein an equivalent molar ratio of titanium-containing compound to carboxylic acid ranges from about 1:1 to about 1:10, and e) a nitrogen-containing compound with a molecular formula containing at least one nitrogen atom wherein an equivalent molar ratio of titanium-containing compound to nitrogen-containing compound ranges from about 1:0.5 to about 1:10.

Abstract: Processes for producing an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid, such as acrylic acid, or a salt thereof, using treated solid oxides are disclosed. The treated solid oxides can be calcined solid oxides, metal-treated solid oxides, or metal-treated chemically-modified solid oxides, illustrative examples of which can include sodium-treated alumina, calcium-treated alumina, zinc-treated alumina, sodium-treated sulfated alumina, sodium-treated fluorided silica-coated alumina, and similar materials.

Abstract: This disclosure provides for catalyst systems and processes for forming an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid or a salt thereof. In an aspect, the catalyst system can comprise: a transition metal precursor comprising a Group 8-11 transition metal and at least one first ligand; optionally, at least one second ligand; an olefin; carbon dioxide (CO2); a diluent; and an oxoacid anion-substituted polyaromatic resin comprising a sulfonated polyaromatic resin, a phosphonated polyaromatic resin, a sulfinated polyaromatic resin, a thiosulfonated, or a thiosulfinated polyaromatic resin, and further comprising associated metal cations. Methods of regenerating the polyaromatic resin with associated metal cations are described.

Abstract: This disclosure provides for routes of synthesis of ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acids and their salts, including acrylic acid. For example, disclosed is a process for producing an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid or its salt, comprising: (1) contacting a group 8-11 transition metal precursor, an olefin, carbon dioxide, a diluent, and a sulfur oxoacid anion-substituted polyaromatic resin or a phosphorus oxoacid anion-substituted polyaromatic resin with associated metal cations to provide a mixture; and (2) applying reaction conditions to the mixture suitable to produce the ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid or a salt thereof. Methods of regenerating the polyaromatic resin with associated metal cations are described.

Abstract: A pre-catalyst composition comprising a) a silica support comprising silica wherein an amount of silica ranges from about 70 wt. % to about 95 wt. % based upon a total weight of the silica support, b) a chromium-containing compound wherein an amount of chromium ranges from about 0.1 wt. % to about 5 wt. % based upon the amount of silica, c) a titanium-containing compound wherein an amount of titanium ranges from about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. % based upon the amount of silica, d) a carboxylic acid wherein an equivalent molar ratio of titanium-containing compound to carboxylic acid ranges from about 1:1 to about 1:10, and e) a nitrogen-containing compound with a molecular formula containing at least one nitrogen atom wherein an equivalent molar ratio of titanium-containing compound to nitrogen-containing compound ranges from about 1:0.5 to about 1:10.

Abstract: Disclosed is a continuous process for producing ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acids or salts thereof, comprising: 1) in a first stage, contacting (a) a transition metal precursor compound comprising at least one first ligand, (b) optionally, at least one second ligand, (c) an olefin, (d) carbon dioxide (CO2), and (e) a diluent to form a first composition; 2) in a second stage, contacting a polyanionic solid with the first composition to form a second composition; and 3) in a third stage, (a) contacting the second composition with a polar solvent to release a metal salt of an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid and form a reacted solid. Methods of regenerating the polyanionic solid are described.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are ethylene-based polymers generally characterized by a Mw ranging from 70,000 to 200,000 g/mol, a ratio of Mz/Mw ranging from 1.8 to 20, an IB parameter ranging from 0.92 to 1.05, and an ATREF profile characterized by one large peak. These polymers have the dart impact, tear strength, and optical properties of a metallocene-catalyzed LLDPE, but with improved processability, melt strength, and bubble stability, and can be used in blown film and other end-use applications.

Abstract: This disclosure provides routes of synthesis of acrylic acid and other ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acids and their salts, including catalytic methods. In an aspect, there is provided a process for producing an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, the process comprising: (1) contacting in any order a group 8-11 transition metal precursor compound comprising at least one first ligand, at least one second ligand, an olefin, carbon dioxide, a diluent, and an anionic polyaromatic resin with associated metal cations to provide a reaction mixture; and (2) applying conditions to the reaction mixture suitable to produce the ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid or a salt thereof. Methods of regenerating the polyaromatic resin with associated metal cations are described.

Abstract: A pre-catalyst composition comprising a) a silica support comprising silica wherein an amount of silica ranges from about 70 wt. % to about 95 wt. % based upon a total weight of the silica support, b) a chromium-containing compound wherein an amount of chromium ranges from about 0.1 wt. % to about 5 wt. % based upon the amount of silica, c) a titanium-containing compound wherein an amount of titanium ranges from about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. % based upon the amount of silica, d) a carboxylic acid wherein an equivalent molar ratio of titanium-containing compound to carboxylic acid ranges from about 1:1 to about 1:10, and e) a nitrogen-containing compound with a molecular formula containing at least one nitrogen atom wherein an equivalent molar ratio of titanium-containing compound to nitrogen-containing compound ranges from about 1:0.5 to about 1:10.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are ethylene-based polymers generally characterized by a Mw ranging from 70,000 to 200,000 g/mol, a ratio of Mz/Mw ranging from 1.8 to 20, an 1B parameter ranging from 0.92 to 1.05, and an ATREF profile characterized by one large peak. These polymers have the dart impact, tear strength, and optical properties of a metallocene-catalyzed LLDPE, but with improved processability, melt strength, and bubble stability, and can be used in blown film and other end-use applications.

Abstract: This disclosure provides for routes of synthesis of acrylic acid and other ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acids and their salts, including catalytic methods. For example, there is provided a process for producing an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, the process comprising: (1) contacting in any order, a group 8-11 transition metal precursor, an olefin, carbon dioxide, a diluent, and a polyaromatic resin with associated metal cations to provide a reaction mixture; and (2) applying conditions to the reaction mixture suitable to produce the ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid or a salt thereof. Methods of regenerating the polyaromatic resin with associated metal cations are described.

Abstract: The present invention discloses processes for alkylating an aromatic compound, such as benzene or toluene, using a chemically-treated solid oxide. Suitable chemically-treated solid oxides include fluorided silica-coated alumina and fluorided-chlorided silica-coated alumina.

Abstract: Methods for preparing supported chromium catalysts containing a chromium (III) compound and an activator-support are disclosed. These supported chromium catalysts can be used in catalyst compositions for the polymerization of olefins to produce polymers having low levels of long chain branching, and with greater sensitivity to the presence of hydrogen during polymerization.

Abstract: Methods for preparing supported chromium catalysts containing a chromium (III) compound and an activator-support are disclosed. These supported chromium catalysts can be used in catalyst compositions for the polymerization of olefins to produce polymers having low levels of long chain branching, and with greater sensitivity to the presence of hydrogen during polymerization.

Abstract: This disclosure provides for routes of synthesis of acrylic acid and other ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acids and their salts, including catalytic methods. For example, there is provided a process for producing an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, the process comprising: (1) contacting in any order, a group 8-11 transition metal precursor, an olefin, carbon dioxide, a diluent, and a polyaromatic resin with associated metal cations to provide a reaction mixture; and (2) applying conditions to the reaction mixture suitable to produce the ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid or a salt thereof. Methods of regenerating the polyaromatic resin with associated metal cations are described.

Abstract: Processes for producing an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid, such as acrylic acid, or a salt thereof, using treated solid oxides are disclosed. The treated solid oxides can be calcined solid oxides, metal-treated solid oxides, or metal-treated chemically-modified solid oxides, illustrative examples of which can include sodium-treated alumina, calcium-treated alumina, zinc-treated alumina, sodium-treated sulfated alumina, sodium-treated fluorided silica-coated alumina, and similar materials.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are ethylene-based polymers having a density greater than 0.945 g/cm3, a high load melt index less than 25 g/10 min, a peak molecular weight ranging from 52,000 to 132,000 g/mol, and an environmental stress crack resistance of at least 250 hours. These polymers have the processability of chromium-based resins, but with improved impact strength and stress crack resistance, and can be used in large-part blow molding applications.

Abstract: This disclosure provides for routes of synthesis of acrylic acid and other ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acids and their salts, including catalytic methods. For example, there is provided a process for producing an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, the process comprising: (1) contacting in any order, a group 8-11 transition metal precursor, an olefin, carbon dioxide, a diluent, and a polyaromatic resin with associated metal cations to provide a reaction mixture; and (2) applying conditions to the reaction mixture suitable to produce the ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid or a salt thereof. Methods of regenerating the polyaromatic resin with associated metal cations are described.