Abstract: When a predetermined pattern (e.g. a pattern indicating the serial number of a copying machine) is added on an image formed on a recording paper, the image formation apparatus suppresses the appearance of fog by the addition of a predetermined pattern in the vicinity of the image. More particularly, a control circuit, which inputs and processes an image signal, estimates the leading and ending edge positions of the recording paper with respect to the transferring direction. The edge which is perpendicular to the transferring direction of the recording paper is determined based on a signal obtained from an ITOP generation circuit and a BD detector. Accordingly, an effective area for image formation on the recording paper is obtained and a modulation amount for adding the predetermined pattern is controlled in accordance with the position on the recording paper at which the predetermined pattern is added.

Abstract: This invention relates to a rotary member for fixing having an elastic layer; an off-set preventive layer as the rotary member surface layer; and an intermediate layer having silicone varnish provided between the elastic layer and the off-set preventive layer.

Abstract: The present invention intends to reduce the deterioration of the image quality due to the color deviation in an image forming apparatus wherein color toner images formed on an image bearing member are successively transferred onto a transfer sheet superimposedly to form a color image. In the apparatus wherein the transfer sheet conveying means supports the transfer sheet only by an electrostatic attraction force, since the adhesion condition of the transfer sheet on the transfer sheet conveying means differs between the first color and the other colors, the color toner image firstly transferred to the transfer sheet is an yellow color toner image which is a most unnoticeable color.

Abstract: An image fixing rotatable member including a base member; a silicone rubber layer on the base member; a primer layer on the silicone rubber layer; and a fluorine resin layer on the primer layer; wherein the primer layer is binder material containing the fluorine resin and aminosilane compound.

Abstract: This invention relates to a fixing device with a heat rotatory body heated by a heating source having a surface layer of a silicone rubber; a back-up rotatory body which is in pressure contact with the heated rotatory body; an oil feeding apparatus which feeds silicone oil to the heated rotatory surface; the pair of rotatory bodies performing fixing while conveying the supporting material having unfixed images supported thereon sandwiched therebetween; and the feeding oil being a phenyl type silicone oil and the silicone rubber surface being impregnated with dimethylsilicone oil.

Abstract: An image fixing roller for heating and fixing an image includes a cylindrical base member, a surface layer, a heat generating element provided between the base member and the surface layer; and a heat conducting member provided inside said base member and having an outside diameter smaller than an inside diameter of said base member.

Abstract: An image fixing rotatable member includes an elastic layer into which filler material is mixed, the elastic layer having a surface provided with pores with a porosity of 3-50%, and a resin layer applied and sintered on the elastic layer.

Abstract: A radiation thermometer for measurement of the temperature of molten iron includes a probe tube with a sealed bottom in the form of a spheroidal shape and is made of zirconium boride ceramics. The probe tube is immersed in molten iron and radiation emitted from the spheroidal closed end of the probe tube is received by a sensor at the far end of the tube which is above the level of the molten iron. The spheroidal end of the probe tube is below the surface of molten iron by more than 10 times the inner radius of the probe tube.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a fixing rotating member for grasping and conveying a recording material supporting an unfixed image, and a coating means for coating release oil on the fixing rotating member.The rotating member includes an elastic layer and an offset prevention layer provided on the elastic layer.An oil absorption rate of the elastic layer for the oil is 5-20 wt %, and an oil absorption rate of the offset prevention layer for the oil is 30-150 wt %.

Abstract: An elastic rotatable member conveniently usable as an image fixing member has a base member, a first primer layer, an elastic layer, a second primer layer and a resin layer in the order named. The first primer layer has a thermal conductivity higher than that of the second primer layer. Using the elastic rotatable member, its sheet conveying properties, releasability, wear resistance and durability are improved. When used for an image fixing rotatable member, its image fixing properties are improved.

Abstract: A visual magnetic recording medium includes a magnetic-field sensitive display web layer united with one surface of a transparent substrate and having a multiplicity of microcapsules each containing a multitude of tiny particles, and a magnetic recording layer united with the display web layer. The tiny particles are responsive to a magnetic field established across the magnetic recording layer and produce an image on the display web layer which is visual through the transparent substrate. A method of making such visual magnetic recording medium is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for operating a blast furnace by inferring the operating conditions in the blast furnace, on the basis of data supplied from sensors set in the blast furnace and also on the basis of the knowledge base formed by experience on the operation of the furnace by a small-scale computer and various processing units provided within the computer. Prior to the inference, the data from the sensors are processed by a large-scale computer and various processing units provided within the large-scale computer. The inference is performed by using certainty factor values, thereby making diagnosis of slip, hanging and channeling.

Abstract: A method for controlling heat conditions in a blast furnace wherein the heat conditions are inferred and judged in comparison of data output from sensor means provided for the blast furnace with knowledge base means formed by accumulated experience on the operation of the blast furnace. The heat conditions are inferred and judged from levels of heat conditions and from levels of transition of heat conditions, wherein data regarding molten metal temperature and those regarding sensors are used. The inference and judgement are carried out by inference engine means included in a small-scale computer.

Abstract: A visible image magnetic card employing a magnetic recording sheet having a sandwich of a magnetic recording layer and a base sheet. A display sheet has a transparent display area with a display cell is formed between the display sheet and the magnetic recording sheet. The cell houses a mixture of magnetic particles and a transparent or translucent fine fluidizing powder.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a first rotatable member and a second rotatable member for gripping and transporting a recording material to fix a material to be fixed having a predetermined electric polarity onto the recording material, the first rotatable member being positioned to be contacted with the face of the recording material bearing the material to be fixed, and the second rotatable member to be contacted with a back face of the recording material, and at least one of the first and second rotatable members having a surface applied with an electrification agent for generating electric charge through friction with recording material for formation of an electrical field for attaching the material to be fixed onto the recording material.

Abstract: A heating device having a heating roller for heat-treating an object to be heated or for heat-treating an object to be heated on a support member comprises a heat loss preventing device for preventing heat loss at the end portions of the roller, and a heating device provided internally or externally of the roller to efficiently heat the heating roller and secure a uniform heat distribution on the surface of the roller during heat treatment.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a first rotatable member and a second rotatable member for gripping and transporting a recording material to fix a material to be fixed having a predetermined electric polarity onto the recording material, the first rotatable member being positioned to be contacted with the face of recording material bearing the material to be fixed, and the second rotatable member to be contacted with a back face of the recording material, and at least one of the first and second rotatable members having a surface containing an electrification agent for generating electric charge through friction with the recording material for formation of an electrical field for attaching the material to be fixed onto the recording material.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus for fixing a toner image has a heating roller and a pressure roller both with heaters, reflecting plates and covers for preventing heat radiation from the heating and pressure rollers, heat-resistant gears for transmitting a driving force to the rollers, and heat-resistant sleeves arranged between a heating roller core and the gears. Thermal efficiency of the apparatus is improved, and a clear fixed image can be obtained.

Abstract: A fixing device has first and second rotatable members for holding therebetween and conveying a recording material to fix an unfixed image on the recording material, and drive means for rotating the first and second rotatable members. The direction of projection of the convex portions of the surfaces of the first and second rotatable members is opposite to the direction of rotation of a roller.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a first rotary member and a second rotary member for pinching and transporting a bearing member for fixing a toner image formed thereon. The first and second rotary members are pressed to each other. At least the first rotary member is provided with a surfacial layer containing a mixture of fluorinated rubber and fluorinated resin powder.