Abstract: In encoding, a frequency-domain sample sequence derived from an acoustic signal is divided by a weighted envelope and is then divided by a gain, the result obtained is quantized, and each sample is variable-length encoded. The error between the sample before quantization and the sample after quantization is quantized with information saved in this variable-length encoding. This quantization is performed under a rule that specifies, according to the number of saved bits, samples whose errors are to be quantized. In decoding, variable-length codes in an input sequence of codes are decoded to obtain a frequency-domain sample sequence; an error signal is further decoded under a rule that depends on the number of bits of the variable-length codes; and from the obtained sample sequence, the original sample sequence is obtained according to supplementary information.

Abstract: A multi-layer substrate with metal layers as a moisture diffusion barrier for reduced electrical performance degradation over time after moisture exposure and methods of design and manufacture. The method includes determining a diffusion rate of an insulator material provided between an upper metal layer and an underlying signal line. The method further includes calculating a diffusion distance between a plane opening of the upper metal layer and the underlying signal line using the diffusion rate of the insulator material.

Abstract: A multi-layer substrate with metal layers as a moisture diffusion barrier for reduced electrical performance degradation over time after moisture exposure and methods of design and manufacture. The method includes determining a diffusion rate of an insulator material provided between an upper metal layer and an underlying signal line. The method further includes calculating a diffusion distance between a plane opening of the upper metal layer and the underlying signal line using the diffusion rate of the insulator material.

Abstract: A multi-layer substrate with metal layers as a moisture diffusion barrier for reduced electrical performance degradation over time after moisture exposure and methods of design and manufacture. The method includes determining a diffusion rate of an insulator material provided between an upper metal layer and an underlying signal line. The method further includes calculating a diffusion distance between a plane opening of the upper metal layer and the underlying signal line using the diffusion rate of the insulator material.

Abstract: This remaining stored power amount estimation device 3 includes: sensors 5, 6 for observing the state of the storage battery 2; and a remaining amount estimation unit 15 which, on the basis of a state vector xk representing the state of the storage battery 2 by a plurality of elements included in an equivalent circuit model 20 modeling the storage battery 2, and an observation vector yk representing an observed value based on the observation result, updates the state of the storage battery 2, using a Kalman filter, and estimates the SOC of the storage battery 2. The remaining amount estimation unit 15 changes the internal impedance of the storage battery 2 modeled by the equivalent circuit model 20, in accordance with values influencing the internal impedance.

Abstract: In encoding, a frequency-domain sample sequence derived from an acoustic signal is divided by a weighted envelope and is then divided by a gain, the result obtained is quantized, and each sample is variable-length encoded. The error between the sample before quantization and the sample after quantization is quantized with information saved in this variable-length encoding. This quantization is performed under a rule that specifies, according to the number of saved bits, samples whose errors are to be quantized. In decoding, variable-length codes in an input sequence of codes are decoded to obtain a frequency-domain sample sequence; an error signal is further decoded under a rule that depends on the number of bits of the variable-length codes; and from the obtained sample sequence, the original sample sequence is obtained according to supplementary information.

Abstract: In encoding, a frequency-domain sample sequence derived from an acoustic signal is divided by a weighted envelope and is then divided by a gain, the result obtained is quantized, and each sample is variable-length encoded. The error between the sample before quantization and the sample after quantization is quantized with information saved in this variable-length encoding. This quantization is performed under a rule that specifies, according to the number of saved bits, samples whose errors are to be quantized. In decoding, variable-length codes in an input sequence of codes are decoded to obtain a frequency-domain sample sequence; an error signal is further decoded under a rule that depends on the number of bits of the variable-length codes; and from the obtained sample sequence, the original sample sequence is obtained according to supplementary information.

Abstract: In encoding, a frequency-domain sample sequence derived from an acoustic signal is divided by a weighted envelope and is then divided by a gain, the result obtained is quantized, and each sample is variable-length encoded. The error between the sample before quantization and the sample after quantization is quantized with information saved in this variable-length encoding. This quantization is performed under a rule that specifies, according to the number of saved bits, samples whose errors are to be quantized. In decoding, variable-length codes in an input sequence of codes are decoded to obtain a frequency-domain sample sequence; an error signal is further decoded under a rule that depends on the number of bits of the variable-length codes; and from the obtained sample sequence, the original sample sequence is obtained according to supplementary information.

Abstract: A normalization value calculator 12 calculates a normalization value that is representative of a predetermined number of input samples. A normalization value quantizer 13 quantizes the normalization value to obtain a quantized normalization value and a normalization-value quantization index corresponding to the quantized normalization value. An quantization-candidate calculator 14 subtracts a value corresponding to the quantized normalization value from a value corresponding to the magnitude of each of the samples to obtain a difference value and, when the difference value is positive and the value of each of the samples is positive, sets the difference value as an quantization candidate corresponding to the sample. When the difference value is positive and the value of each of the samples is negative, the quantization-candidate calculator 14 reverses the sign of the difference value and setting the sign-reversed value as an quantization candidate corresponding to the sample.

Abstract: This remaining stored power amount estimation device 3 includes: sensors 5, 6 for observing the state of the storage battery 2; and a remaining amount estimation unit 15 which, on the basis of a state vector xk representing the state of the storage battery 2 by a plurality of elements included in an equivalent circuit model 20 modeling the storage battery 2, and an observation vector yk representing an observed value based on the observation result, updates the state of the storage battery 2, using a Kalman filter, and estimates the SOC of the storage battery 2. The remaining amount estimation unit 15 changes the internal impedance of the storage battery 2 modeled by the equivalent circuit model 20, in accordance with values influencing the internal impedance.

Abstract: A frequency-domain sample interval corresponding to a time-domain pitch period L corresponding to a time-domain pitch period code of an audio signal in a given time period is obtained as a converted interval T1, a frequency-domain pitch period T is chosen from among candidates including the converted interval T1 and integer multiples U×T1 of the converted interval T1, and a frequency-domain pitch period code indicating how many times the frequency-domain pitch period T is greater than the converted interval T1 is obtained. The frequency-domain pitch period code is output so that a decoding side can identify the frequency-domain pitch period T.

Abstract: A frequency-domain sample interval corresponding to a time-domain pitch period L corresponding to a time-domain pitch period code of an audio signal in a given time period is obtained as a converted interval T1, a frequency-domain pitch period T is chosen from among candidates including the converted interval T1 and integer multiples U×T1 of the converted interval T1, and a frequency-domain pitch period code indicating how many times the frequency-domain pitch period T is greater than the converted interval T1 is obtained. The frequency-domain pitch period code is output so that a decoding side can identify the frequency-domain pitch period T.

Abstract: A frequency-domain sample interval corresponding to a time-domain pitch period L corresponding to a time-domain pitch period code of an audio signal in a given time period is obtained as a converted interval T1, a frequency-domain pitch period T is chosen from among candidates including the converted interval T1 and integer multiples U×T1 of the converted interval T1, and a frequency-domain pitch period code indicating how many times the frequency-domain pitch period T is greater than the converted interval T1 is obtained. The frequency-domain pitch period code is output so that a decoding side can identify the frequency-domain pitch period T.

Abstract: A frequency-domain sample interval corresponding to a time-domain pitch period L corresponding to a time-domain pitch period code of an audio signal in a given time period is obtained as a converted interval T1, a frequency-domain pitch period T is chosen from among candidates including the converted interval T1 and integer multiples U×T1 of the converted interval T1, and a frequency-domain pitch period code indicating how many times the frequency-domain pitch period T is greater than the converted interval T1 is obtained. The frequency-domain pitch period code is output so that a decoding side can identify the frequency-domain pitch period T.

Abstract: A frequency-domain sample interval corresponding to a time-domain pitch period L corresponding to a time-domain pitch period code of an audio signal in a given time period is obtained as a converted interval T1, a frequency-domain pitch period T is chosen from among candidates including the converted interval T1 and integer multiples U×T1 of the converted interval T1, and a frequency-domain pitch period code indicating how many times the frequency-domain pitch period T is greater than the converted interval T1 is obtained. The frequency-domain pitch period code is output so that a decoding side can identify the frequency-domain pitch period T.

Abstract: In a speech coding scheme based on a speech production model, such as a CELP-based scheme, an object of the present invention is to provide a decoding method that can reproduce natural sound even if the input signal is a noise-superimposed speech. The decoding method includes a speech decoding step of obtaining a decoded speech signal from an input code, a noise generating step of generating a noise signal that is a random signal, and a noise adding step of outputting a noise-added signal, the noise-added signal being obtained by summing the decoded speech signal and a signal obtained by performing, on the noise signal, a signal processing that is based on at least one of a power corresponding to a decoded speech signal for a previous frame and a spectrum envelope corresponding to the decoded speech signal for the current frame.

Abstract: A value of gain is updated so that the greater the difference between the number of bits or estimated number of bits in a code obtained by encoding a string of integer value samples obtained by dividing each sample in a sample string derived from an input audio signal in a given interval by gain before the update and a predetermined number B of allocated bits, the greater the difference between the gain before the update and the updated gain. A gain code corresponding to the updated gain and an integer signal code obtained by encoding a string of integer value samples obtained by dividing each sample in the sample string by the gain are obtained.

Abstract: A multi-layer substrate with metal layers as a moisture diffusion barrier for reduced electrical performance degradation over time after moisture exposure and methods of design and manufacture. The method includes determining a diffusion rate of an insulator material provided between an upper metal layer and an underlying signal line. The method further includes calculating a diffusion distance between a plane opening of the upper metal layer and the underlying signal line using the diffusion rate of the insulator material.

Abstract: A multi-layer substrate with metal layers as a moisture diffusion barrier for reduced electrical performance degradation over time after moisture exposure and methods of design and manufacture. The method includes determining a diffusion rate of an insulator material provided between an upper metal layer and an underlying signal line. The method further includes calculating a diffusion distance between a plane opening of the upper metal layer and the underlying signal line using the diffusion rate of the insulator material.

Abstract: A multi-layer substrate with metal layers as a moisture diffusion barrier for reduced electrical performance degradation over time after moisture exposure and methods of design and manufacture. The method includes determining a diffusion rate of an insulator material provided between an upper metal layer and an underlying signal line. The method further includes calculating a diffusion distance between a plane opening of the upper metal layer and the underlying signal line using the diffusion rate of the insulator material.