Abstract: The present invention provides (1) a thermopolymerizable composition containing a thermopolymerizable compound having (meth)acrylate having a moiety consisting of oxyalkylene, fluorocarbon, oxyfluorocarbon and/or carbonate group within the molecule, an electrolyte salt, an organic polymerization initiator having no benzene ring, and a polymerization retarder having vinyl group within the molecule, (2) a solid electrolyte obtained by heat-curing the composition, (3) a primary battery, a secondary battery and an electric double-layer capacitor each using the solid electrolyte, and processes for manufacturing the same.

Abstract: Disclosed are (1) a thermopolymerizable composition containing a thermopolymerizable compound containing a (meth)acrylate having a moiety including oxyalkylene, fluorocarbon, oxyfluorocarbon and/or carbonate in the molecule, at least one electrolyte, and a polymerization initiator which is an organic peroxide containing no benzene ring, (2) a solid electrolyte obtained by thermally curing the composition, and (3) a primary battery, a secondary battery and electric double layer capacitor including the solid electrolyte, as well as a production method thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid polymer electrolyte; a polymerizable composition having low viscosity and excellent processability for obtaining the solid polymer electrolyte; and a polymerizable compound having low viscosity, and good polymerizability and stability for use in the polymerizable composition. The present invention also provides primary and secondary batteries capable of working with high capacity and current; an electric double-layer capacitor ensuring high output voltage, large takeout current, and good processability; and an electrochromic device favored with high response speed. Each thereof use the solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention and are ensured with long life, excellent safety free of liquid leakage, high reliability and production at a low cost.

Abstract: A sealed non-aqueous electrolyte cell which has a casing made of a laminated material and which inhibits deterioration in the performance of the cell attributable to a decrease in the degree of sealing. This cell is achieved by addition of an inorganic oxide fine powder which is not an active material and is accommodated together with electric energy generating elements within the casing made from a laminated material composed of a metal foil and a resin film. A polypropylene layer is disposed inside the casing and is bonded on the inner surface of the metal foil through a carboxylic acid-denatured polypropylene layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are (1) a thermopolymerizable composition containing a thermopolymerizable compound containing a (meth)acrylate having a moiety including oxyalkylene, fluorocarbon, oxyfluorocarbon and/or carbonate in the molecule, at least one electrolyte, and a polymerization initiator which is an organic peroxide containing no benzene ring, (2) a solid electrolyte obtained by thermally curing the composition, and (3) a primary battery, a secondary battery and electric double layer capacitor including the solid electrolyte, as well as a production method thereof. The polymer solid electrolyte obtained from the thermopolymerizable composition has high ion conductivity and good stability and the primary battery and secondary battery produced using the polymer solid electrolyte are operable at high capacity and high current, has a long-term service life and high reliability, and can be produced at low costs.

Abstract: A laminate comprising an ion conductive material having excellent ion conductivity at room temperature or at lower temperatures, a small water content, sufficiently high mechanical strength and storage stability to allow for handling the ion conductive material in practice, and a form which is easily integrated into an electrochemical element or electrochemical devices. Also disclosed is a production method thereof, and a method of producing a battery, a capacitor or an electrochemical element or apparatus using the laminate. The laminate comprises an intermediate layer of an ion conductive material having on the upper and lower portions thereof outer layers having an ion conductivity lower than that of the intermediate layer. Furthermore, at least one of the outer layers is a layer comprising a non electron-conductive material.

Abstract: A laminate comprising an ion conductive material having excellent ion conductivity at room temperature or at lower temperatures, a small water content, sufficiently high mechanical strength and storage stability to allow for handling the ion conductive material in practice, and a form which is easily integrated into an electrochemical element or electrochemical devices. Also disclosed is a production method thereof, and a method of producing a battery, a capacitor or an electrochemical element or apparatus using the laminate. The laminate comprises an intermediate layer of an ion conductive material having on the upper and lower portions thereof outer layers having an ion conductivity lower than that of the intermediate layer. Furthermore, at least one of the outer layers is a layer comprising a non electron-conductive material.

Abstract: Disclosed are (1) a thermopolymerizable composition containing a thermopolymerizable compound containing a (meth)acrylate having a moiety including oxyalkylene, fluorocarbon, oxyfluorocarbon and/or carbonate in the molecule, at least one electrolyte, and a polymerization initiator which is an organic peroxide containing no benzene ring, (2) a solid electrolyte obtained by thermally curing the composition, and (3) a primary battery, a secondary battery and electric double layer capacitor including the solid electrolyte, as well as a production method thereof.

Abstract: The polymer compound of the present invention which contains a poly- or oligo-carbonate group and is preferably obtained by utilizing a polymerization reaction using a polymerizable functional group represented by formula (2) and/or formula (3) below: exhibits good strength even when it is formed into a thin film and has high ion conductivity and excellent workability. By the use of this polymer compound, solid polymer electrolyte, battery and/or electric double layer capacitor having high-temperature characteristics and large current characteristics are provided.

Abstract: This invention provides a film comprising a cross-linked polymer having an oxyalkylene group or a cross-linked polymer having an oxyalkylene group through a urethane bond, as a constituent component, a production method of the film, and an electrochemical apparatus using the film as a separator.The film for separator of an electrochemical apparatus can be easily and uniformly processed, can include an electrolytic solution, exhibits good film thickness and ensures excellent safety and reliability. The electrochemical apparatus is free of leakage of the solution.

Abstract: A solid polymer electrolyte comprising a composite of (a) a polymeric component which comprises (i) a polymer obtained from at least one compound represented by general formula (IA), (IIA) and/or (IIIA) as described in the specification; or (ii) a polymer obtained from at least one compound having alcoholic hydroxyl groups wherein at least one hydrogen atom of said alcoholic hydroxyl groups is replaced by a unit represented by general formula (X) or (XI) as described in the specification, and (b) at least one electrolyte salt, which has a high ionic conductivity and can be made into a thin film. The present invention is also directed to an electrode comprising the solid polymer electrolyte and an electroactive substance or polarizable material; as well as a process for manufacturing the same. In addition, the present invention is directed to a primary an secondary battery having the solid polymer electrolyte, as well as a process for manufacturing the same.

Abstract: A solid polymer electrolyte comprising a composite of (a) a polymeric component which comprises (i) a polymer obtained from at least one compound represented by general formula (IA), (IIA) and/or (IIIA) as described in the specification; or (ii) a polymer obtained from at least one compound having alcoholic hydroxyl groups wherein at least one hydrogen atom of said alcoholic hydroxyl groups is replaced by a unit represented by general formula (X) or (XI) as described in the specification, and (b) at least one electrolyte salt, which has a high ionic conductivity and can be made into a thin film. The present invention is also directed to an electrode comprising the solid polymer electrolyte and an electroactive substance or polarizable material; as well as a process for manufacturing the same. In addition, the present invention is directed to a primary and secondary battery having the solid polymer electrolyte, as well as a process for manufacturing the same.

Abstract: A solid polymer electrolyte comprising a composite of (a) a polymer comprising 2-(meth)acryloyloxyethylcarbamic acid ester and (b) an electrolyte salt, which has a high ionic conductivity and can be made into a thin film. The present invention is also directed to an electrode comprising the solid polymer electrolyte and an electroactive substance or polarizable material; as well as a process for manufacturing the same. In addition, the present invention is directed to primary and secondary batteries having the solid polymer electrolyte, as well as a process for manufacturing the same. The battery according to the present invention has a high capacity, high current density, and further in the case of a secondary battery, good cyclability. Finally, the present invention is directed to a solid-state electric double layer capacitor comprising the solid polymer electrolyte, as well as a process for manufacturing the same. The electric double layer capacitor has a high output voltage and a large take-out current.

Abstract: A secondary battery comprised of a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode comprises a sodium-cobalt oxide as the main component, the negative electrode is composed of a composite body comprising a sodium alloy such as a sodium/lead or sodium/tin alloy, a carbon material and a binder, and the non-aqueous electrolyte is composed of a sodium salt and an ether compound. The positive electrode and negative electrode is prepared by a process wherein a binder is swollen with or dissolved in an organic solvent, the swollen or dissolved binder is mixed with a carbon material, and the mixture is then mixed with a sodium alloy or a sodium-cobalt oxide directly or after removal of the organic solvent.

Abstract: A nonaqueous secondary battery is disclosed. The positive electrode is composed of a polymer obtained by oxidative polymerization of an aniline compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are C1-5 alkyl or C1-5 alkoxy, and X and Y are 0, 1 or 2,or a reduction product of the polymer the negative electrode is composed of (i) an alkali metal, (ii) an alkali metal alloy, (iii) an electroconductive polymer or (iv) composite of an electroconductive polymer with an alkali metal or an alkali metal alloy. The electrolytic solution is composed of a supporting electrolyte selected from LiAsF.sub.6, LiBF.sub.4 and LiPF.sub.6 and a solvent, wherein when the supporting electrolyte is LiAsF.sub.6 or LiPF.sub.6, the solvent is a mixed solvent comprising at least one member selected from propylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate and at least one member selected from tetrahydrofuran and 1,2-dimethoxyethane, and when the supporting electrolyte is LiBF.sub.

Abstract: A polymer solution comprising a polymer comprising at least 50 mole % of recurring units represented by the following formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 through R.sub.4, which may be the same or different, represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, with the proviso that the case where all of R.sub.1 through R.sub.4 represent a hydrogen atom is excluded, a dopant and an organic solvent has a high electric conductivity and is valuable as an electrolyte of a battery, an electrolyte of a capacitor, and the like. A shaped article obtained by shaping this solution and removing the organic solvent from the shaped article has a high electric conductivity and is valuable as various electronic parts.

Abstract: Disclosed is a non-aqueous secondary battery having a positive electrode composed of a polymer of aniline or an aniline derivative and a negative electrode composed of (i) and alkali metal, (ii) an alkali metal alloy, (iii) an electroconductive polymer or (iv) an alkali metal or alkali metal alloy/electroconductive polymer composite, wherein the polymer of aniline or an aniline derivative is formed by converting a doped polymer obtained by oxidative polymerization to an undoped state.