Abstract: A generalized network controller in a software defined network (SDN), controlling a network with mixed switches based on different and even incompatible OpenFlow (OF) standard versions, comprising a first transceiver connected to a first OF switch comprising a first OF standard version configured to receive messages from the first OF switch and to transmit messages to the first OF switch; a second transceiver connected to a second OF switch comprising a second OF standard version configured to receive messages from the second OF switch and to transmit messages to the second OF switch, wherein the first OF standard version is different from the second OF standard version, and wherein the first OF standard version is incompatible with the second OF standard version; and a processor coupled to the first and second transceivers and configured to control the first and the second OF switches.

Abstract: A method for distributing routing instructions to a plurality of nodes within an OpenFlow Software Defined Network (SDN) using a logically centralized multi-controller that comprises a plurality of controllers, wherein the method comprises receiving a plurality of incoming data packets, storing a plurality of current flow tables, queuing the incoming data packets, wherein the incoming data packets are queued based on the order received, processing the incoming data packets based on the order the incoming data packets were queued, wherein the incoming data packets that are first to be queued are the first to be processed, generating a plurality of flow tables by processing the incoming data packets, and transmitting the flow tables to the plurality of nodes when the flow tables have not been previously generated.

Abstract: An OpenFlow (OF) adaptor comprising at least one OF port configured to communicate with an OF Controller, at least one Non-OF (NOF) port configured to communicate with a NOF switch, and at least one processor coupled to the OF port and the NOF port and configured to receive a first OF message comprising network data from the OF controller via the OF port, translate the first OF message into a first NOF message, wherein the first NOF message comprises network data analogous to the first OF message network data encoded in a format supported by the NOF switch, and transmit the first NOF message toward the NOF switch via the NOF port.

Abstract: A software-defined networking (SDN) OpenFlow apparatus comprises a processor, and a memory system coupled to the processor and comprising a flow pipeline, wherein the flow pipeline comprises a series of flow tables, wherein each of the flow tables comprises at least one match field, wherein the match fields correspond to a plurality of network services, wherein the match fields are ordered based on a prioritization of the network services, which of the match fields are shared among the network services, a shared dependency of the match fields, and processing speed, and wherein the prioritization is based on which network services are most important and which network services are most frequently used.

Abstract: A network apparatus for coupling control plane controllers and data plane switches in a global software service defined network (SSDN), wherein the global SSDN comprises a plurality of local SSDNs, comprising a network software service layer (NSSL) service bus comprising a processor, wherein the NSSL service bus is coupled to a plurality of network controllers and to a plurality of network switches, wherein the NSSL service bus is configured to coordinate the actions of the plurality of network controllers, wherein the NSSL service bus is configured to expose the plurality of controllers as services addressable by service names, wherein the NSSL service bus is configured to extend a local SSDN into a global SSDN network; and wherein the NSSL service bus is configured to provide the network controllers with global network information, such that the network controllers provide end-to-end service routing in the global SSDN network.

Abstract: A generalized network controller in a software defined network (SDN), controlling a network with mixed switches based on different and even incompatible OpenFlow (OF) standard versions, comprising a first transceiver connected to a first OF switch comprising a first OF standard version configured to receive messages from the first OF switch and to transmit messages to the first OF switch; a second transceiver connected to a second OF switch comprising a second OF standard version configured to receive messages from the second OF switch and to transmit messages to the second OF switch, wherein the first OF standard version is different from the second OF standard version, and wherein the first OF standard version is incompatible with the second OF standard version; and a processor coupled to the first and second transceivers and configured to control the first and the second OF switches.

Abstract: A portable electronic device includes a housing, a pressure sensor, a signal processing module, an analog-to-digital converting module, a processor, and a setting keypad. The housing supports an object to be weighed. The pressure sensor is mounted on the housing and outputs an analog voltage signal that varies with a pressure exerted on the pressure sensor. The signal processing module amplifies and filters the analog voltage signal. The analog-to-digital converting module converts the analog voltage signal into a digital signal. The processor calculates a weight exerted on the pressure sensor according to the digital signal and calibrates the weight of the pressure sensor when the setting keypad is activated.

Abstract: An exemplary testing circuit board is used for testing an antenna performance and includes a signal circuit layer, a base layer electrically connected to the signal circuit layer, and a test unit. The signal circuit layer can transmit test signals from the antenna. The base layer is fixed with the signal circuit layer and used as a ground section to shield the test signals. The test unit is electrically connected to the signal circuit layer and the base layer and includes a signal inception port. The signal inception port is positioned on the signal circuit layer and protrudes from the base layer, and the signal inception port is capable of receiving the test signals and transmitting the test signals to the signal circuit layer.

Abstract: An exemplary testing circuit board is used for testing an antenna performance and includes a signal circuit layer, a base layer electrically connected to the signal circuit layer, and a test unit. The signal circuit layer can transmit test signals from the antenna. The base layer is fixed with the signal circuit layer and used as a ground section to shield the test signals. The test unit is electrically connected to the signal circuit layer and the base layer and includes a signal inception port. The signal inception port is positioned on the signal circuit layer and protrudes from the base layer, and the signal inception port is capable of receiving the test signals and transmitting the test signals to the signal circuit layer.

Abstract: A mounting apparatus to mount a CPU (53) to a socket (52) includes a base (20), a fixing member (50), a pair of clipping members (30), a pair of operation members (40) and a pair of resilient members (80). The base defines a concave (26) adapted to accommodate the CPU therein. The fixing member is arranged on a top of the base. Each clipping member includes a rotatable portion (313) respectively pivotably mounted to two opposite sides of a lower portion of the fixing member. Each clipping member includes a fixing portion (31) and a clipping portion (32) located at opposite sides of the rotatable portion respectively. A hook (322) extends downwardly from the clipping portion for hooking the CPU. The operation members are mounted to the fixing portions of the fixing member. Each of the resilient members is located between the fixing member and a corresponding operation member.

Abstract: A mounting apparatus for mounting a CPU (53) in a socket (52), includes a base (20), a plurality of resilient members (300) respectively disposed at opposite sides of the base and a movement unit (40) having a pressing portion (402) received in the base which moves vertically with respect to the base. The base includes a concave (201) defined in a bottom thereof for receiving the CPU therein. The resilient members cooperate with each other to locate the CPU within the base. The pressing portion is provided to push the CPU off the base so as to vertically mount the CPU into the socket. The base includes projection portions (221, 233) to be received in slots (521, 523) in the socket.

Abstract: A mounting apparatus to mount a CPU (53) to a socket (52) includes a base (20), a fixing member (50), a pair of clipping members (30), a pair of operation members (40) and a pair of resilient members (80). The base defines a concave (26) adapted to accommodate the CPU therein. The fixing member is arranged on a top of the base. Each clipping member includes a rotatable portion (313) respectively pivotably mounted to two opposite sides of a lower portion of the fixing member. Each clipping member includes a fixing portion (31) and a clipping portion (32) located at opposite sides of the rotatable portion respectively. A hook (322) extends downwardly from the clipping portion for hooking the CPU. The operation members are mounted to the fixing portions of the fixing member. Each of the resilient members is located between the fixing member and a corresponding operation member.

Abstract: A mounting apparatus for mounting a CPU (53) in a socket (52), includes a base (20), a plurality of resilient members (300) respectively disposed at opposite sides of the base and a movement unit (40) having a pressing portion (402) received in the base which moves vertically with respect to the base. The base includes a concave (201) defined in a bottom thereof for receiving the CPU therein. The resilient members cooperate with each other to locate the CPU within the base. The pressing portion is provided to push the CPU off the base so as to vertically mount the CPU into the socket.

Abstract: A mounting apparatus for mounting a CPU to a socket includes a connecting member (10) with a first air vent (16) defined therein, a pipe member (20) with a second air vent (26) defined therein, and a base (30) with a third air vent (32) defined therein. An end of the connecting member connects with a vacuum pump (13). The other end of the connecting member connects with an end of the pipe member. The other end of the pipe member connects with the base. A through hole (22) is defined in the pipe member. The base defines a concave (35) therein to accommodate the CPU therein. The concave communicates with the third air vent. The first air vent, the second air vent and the third air vent communicate with or are separated from the atmosphere through the through hole.

Abstract: A supporting tray for moving a PCB (10) in a wave solder machine includes a frame (30) and a circular plate (20). The frame includes a circular opening (33) defined thereof and a graduated scale (31) marked thereon around the circular opening. The circular plate includes a recessed portion (23). Two aligned pointers (21) are marked at two opposite outer sides of the recessed portion. In assembly, the PCB is fixedly received in the recessed portion of the circular plate. The combined PCB and circular plate is then rotatably received in the circular opening of the frame. Then the assembled PCB and the supporting tray are transported to a wave solder machine. The angle of the PCB with respect to a direction of flow of solder waves can be adjusted with an indication of the pointers and the scale. Consequently the optimal angle can be efficiently and accurately ascertained.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for localizing faults within an integrated circuit is described. For example, a programmable logic device (PLD) is configured with a test pattern. A test stimulus is applied to the test pattern. State data responsive to the test pattern is obtained. The state data may be obtained from a readback datastream generated by the PLD. The expected state data may be generated by a second PLD that is known to contain no faults. The state data is compared with expected state data to produce difference information. The difference information is used, or more particularly is iteratively generated, to localize a fault or faults within a unit under test.

Abstract: A cleaning machine for cleaning supporting trays includes a cleaning cistern (100), a drying cabinet (200) and a control device (300). A water-supply pipe (112) and a drainpipe (120) are connected to the cleaning cistern. A microwave oven (118) is positioned in the cleaning cistern and a shelf (116) is located above the microwave oven for supporting the supporting trays. A cover (130) is pivotally attached to the cleaning cistern, under which a sensor is installed for sensing a level of water. The drying cabinet includes a shield (210) with a plurality of vents defined therein, and an intake fan (220) is provided in the shield. A plurality of heaters (232) is arranged in the drying cabinet below. One or more shelves (236) are mounted in the drying cabinet. An exhaust device (237) is connected to a back panel of the drying cabinet.

Abstract: A supporting tray for moving a PCB (10) in a wave solder machine includes a frame (30) and a circular plate (20). The frame includes a circular opening (33) defined thereof and a graduated scale (31) marked thereon around the circular opening. The circular plate includes a recessed portion (23). Two aligned pointers (21) are marked at two opposite outer sides of the recessed portion. In assembly, the PCB is fixedly received in the recessed portion of the circular plate. The combined PCB and circular plate is then rotatably received in the circular opening of the frame. Then the assembled PCB and the supporting tray are transported to a wave solder machine. The angle of the PCB with respect to a direction of flow of solder waves can be adjusted with an indication of the pointers and the scale. Consequently the optimal angle can be efficiently and accurately ascertained.

Abstract: New separation methods termed Enhanced Partitioning Fractionation (EPF) and High Osmotic Pressure Chromatography (HOPC) are described. The HOPC method involves passing large amounts of concentrated polymer solutions over porous material in a packed column. The concentration is high enough to allow for polymer chain overlap and to generate high osmotic pressures with respect to the porous material. The resulting high osmotic pressure causes increased separation of the polymer sample based on molecular size. The higher molecular weight components are concentrated in the initial fractions of eluent collected, whereas lower molecular weight components are concentrated in later fractions. The molecular weight of each fraction decreases with each successive fraction of eluent. The method is applicable to a wide variety of polymers and provides significant performance advantages to conventional preparative scale GPC.