Abstract: An optically activated bleaching process effective to permanently modify the color of surface-colored silver halide-containing photochromic glasses produced by thermal reduction treatments is described, wherein the glass is coincidentally exposed, for an effective time interval, to (i) a source of high energy light and (ii) a heat source. The process reduces the relatively strong absorption peaks characteristic of the initially colored glass, resulting in a permanent bleached appearance.

Abstract: A method for modifying surface coloration in silver halide-containing photochromic glasses developed by thermal reduction treatments is described, which method comprises subjecting the glass, prior to the coloring thermal reduction treatment, to a silver ion exchange treatment during which silver ions are introduced into at least a portion of the surface of the glass article. Subsequent thermal reduction of the silver-containing surface portion of the glass provides novel colors and/or color patterns therein.

Abstract: A method for substantially increasing the refractive index change induced in porous glass through metal oxide deposition by photolysis of organometallic compounds present therein, according to which the photolyzed glass is re-impregnated with additional organometallic compounds which undergo decomposition reactions catalyzed by the photolyzed organometallics or oxides resulting from the initial photolysis step. Enhancements of ten times the original refractive index change are attainable.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method for modifying the coloration produced in a silver halide-containing photochromic glass when heat treating the glass at a temperature not exceeding 450.degree. C. under reducing conditions. The method comprises subjecting such a glass having a base composition which contains at least 1% by weight Li.sub.2 O, at least 2% by weight Na.sub.2 O, and at least 6% by weight Li.sub.2 O+Na.sub.2 O+K.sub.2 O to an ion exchange reaction, wherein lithium ions, and potassium ions, when the latter are present in the composition, in the glass surface are exchanged with sodium ions from an external source, prior to the reduction heat treatment.

Abstract: Anamorphic lenses or lens arrays are formed in photosensitively crystallizable glass by selective exposure of the glass surface and thermal treatment to cause the crystallization of the glass surrounding the lenses. The lenses, which have elongated cross-sections in the plane of the exposed glass surface and raised curved surfaces resulting from the densification of the surround material, exhibit different surface curvatures over their major and minor transverse axes and thus anamorphic light-focusing properties.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method for reducing the mass of a tumor in animal tissue utilizing localized, magnetically-coupled, RF-induced hyperthermia. The method involves the implanting of a material in and/or closely adjacent to the tumor which is non-toxic to, and preferably inert to and compatible with, normal tissue and which has encapsulated therewithin ferromagnetic particles of such size, amount, composition, and ferromagnetism to develop a heating value of up to about one watt/gram, through essentially only hysteresis heating, under an applied field of about 20 but less than 200 oersteds at a frequency greater than 10 kilohertz and ranging up to about 600 kilohertz, or under an applied field of at least about 2000 oersteds and a frequency below about 40 hertz. Such heating value is sufficient to kill the tumor cells but muscle and nerve response of the animal body to the induced emf is minimized.

Abstract: An optical apparatus for focusing at least one image and optionally only one image of an object, said apparatus comprising a receiving surface and an optical imaging device between the image and the object to form an image of the object on the receiving surface. The imaging device comprising at least one glass body, at least a portion of which is a photonucleated opacified glass. The body has opposed surfaces, at least one of the surfaces having raised light focusing transparent optical pattern portions integral therewith and transparent channels connecting the raised transparent pattern portions to the surface opposed to the surface containing the pattern.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method for modifying the coloration produced in a silver halide-containing photochromic glass when heat treating the glass at a temperature not exceeding 450.degree. C. under reducing conditions. The method comprises subjecting such a glass having a base composition which contains at least 1% by weight Li.sub.2 O, at least 2% by weight Na.sub.2 O, and at least 6% by weight Li.sub.2 O+Na.sub.2 O+K.sub.2 O to an ion exchange reaction, wherein lithium ions, and potassium ions, when the latter are present in the composition, in the glass surface are exchanged with sodium ions from an external source, prior to the reduction heat treatment.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improved, transparent, mullite glass-ceramic doped with Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 to fluoresce in the 650-900 nm. region of the spectrum and having an absorption peak centered at about 600 nm. The improvement is inclusion in the composition of 2-15% by weight of ZnO and sufficient MgO, if necessary, to provide at least 5% ZnO+MgO. The ZnO or ZnO--MgO components selectively shift the absorption peak centered at 600 nm. toward the lower (blue) end of the spectrum.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improved optical device of the type disclosed in application Ser. No. 520,456 and embodying an array of lenses integral with and raised above a crystalline matrix. The improvement comprises an ion-exchanged surface on the lenses wherein the lithium ion from the lens glass is exchanged with a larger monovalent ion, preferably sodium or potassium from a bath, and the contents of such alkali metal ions in the lens are defined by both radial and axial concentration gradients. The device may be heated above the glass strain point to relieve stress and enhance lens power, either simultaneously with or subsequent to the ion exchange.

Abstract: An integral optical device is disclosed that is composed of a photosensitive glass having an optical pattern developed therein by a refractive index change due to formation of colloidal metal particles and/or crystalline microphases nucleated by such particles. In a specific embodiment the pattern is composed of at least one transparent lens system having a radial gradient refractive index distribution of prescribed nature.

Abstract: An integral optical imaging device is disclosed in which two or more porous glass bodies, embodying arrays of cylindrical gradient index lens systems, are rigidly maintained in a stacked relationship such that the lens systems are in register. This enhances the accumulative lens power and effective thickness of the device.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improved integral optical device of the type produced by creating optical patterns in porous glass bodies, especially patterns involving gradient refractive index distributions. The optical strength of an element, such as a lens, in such an optical pattern is increased by treatment with a polymerizable, organo functional silicone fluid while the matrix glass is sealed.

Abstract: There is disclosed a composite photochromic glass article composed of a glass core and a thin surface layer substantially encasing that core, the core preferably containing a copper-cadmium halide photochromic crystal system and the substantially encasing glass layer preferably containing a copper-cadmium-silver halide photochromic crystal system. The article may be made by fusion laminating two separately formed glasses, or by introducing silver into a surface layer on a glass article by ion exchange.

Abstract: Optical patterns formed by localized optical density or refractive index variations in glass are produced by impregnating a porous glass support with a photolyzable organometallic compound and selectively exposing the glass to a photolyzing light source to cause the photolytic decomposition of the organometallic compound in exposed portions of the glass. The patterns are fixed, if desired, by removing unreacted organometallic compound from the pores.

Abstract: Magnetic materials exhibiting ferrimagnetic and/or superparamagnetic behavior, produced by impregnating porous glasses with iron and, optionally, manganese, cobalt and nickel compounds, reacting the compounds with the porous glass to form bound complexes, heating the glass to expel unreacted organometallics, and further heating to convert the bound complexes to ferrimagnetic and/or superparamagnetic oxide crystallites, are described. Ferrimagnetic iron oxide crystallites exhibiting coercivities above 10,000 Oe can be made.

Abstract: An optical information storage medium comprising a thin, optically darkenable film containing silver, lead, chlorine and oxygen, produced by vapor-depositing AgCl and PbO in specified proportions on a substrate for the film, is described.

Abstract: A photosensitive medium suitable for storing positive images and a method of using it are provided, the medium being a multilayer film comprising SnO.sub.2 and doped silver chloride and the method comprising an exposure step for negative imaging and a heating step for image reversal.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a noninvasive tumor treatment modality which results in a reduction of tumor mass and may lead to complete eradication of a tumor. The inventive method comprises localized magnetically-coupled, RF-induced hyperthermia mediated by a material which is non-toxic to and, preferably, compatible with animal tissue and has incorporated therewithin iron-containing crystals of such size, amount, composition, and magnetic properties to impart a coercive force of at least 200 oersteds to the material, and wherein the RF magnetic field has a frequency not in excess of about 10 kilohertz.

Abstract: Methods for making photosensitive thin film structures comprising one or more metal-dielectric layers, produced by the sequential deposition of discontinuous metal island films and transparent covering films containing selected dielectric acceptor materials, and the use of the photosensitive thin film structures to record full-color and/or dichroic images, are described.