Abstract: The microscope apparatus includes a light source which outputs linear polarization having a first wavelength, a polarization conversion element which includes a liquid crystal layer, and by causing linear polarization to pass the liquid crystal layer, converts linear polarization to radial polarization, an objective lens which focuses the radial polarization onto an object surface, a condenser lens which collimates the light reflected from the object surface, a light receiving element which receives light collimated by the condenser lens and outputs signal in accordance with the intensity of light, and a controller which applies electric voltage in accordance with the first wavelength to the liquid crystal layer of the polarization conversion element. The polarization conversion element is disposed in the pupil plane of the objective lens on the light source side.

Abstract: A light modulator element includes a liquid crystal element which has a liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules aligned along a first direction, and two transparent electrodes disposed in opposition to each other with the liquid crystal layer sandwiched therebetween, and which controls the phase of linear polarization light and passing through said liquid crystal layer by applying an electric voltage between said two transparent electrodes; a polarizer plate which is disposed between a light source and said liquid crystal element and which has the transmission axis along the first direction or along a direction orthogonal to said first direction; and a rotation mechanism which supports the liquid crystal element and the polarizer plate and which rotates the liquid crystal element and the polarizer plate integrally in one unit with the optical axis of the liquid crystal element as the rotation axis.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the provision of a liquid crystal device constructed by sealing a liquid crystal material between substrates, wherein provisions are made to prevent reflections at the sealing, thereby achieving excellent transparency. The liquid crystal device includes a first substrate disposed on a viewing side, a second substrate disposed opposite the first substrate, a sealing member disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a liquid crystal layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate and sealed by the sealing member, and a muslin structure or moth-eye structure placed between the first substrate and the sealing member. The muslin structure or moth-eye structure serves to form a smooth refractive index gradient between the sealing member and the first transparent substrate, thereby enhancing the transparency of the liquid crystal device.

Abstract: An aberration correction device (3) corrects wave front aberration arising in an optical system that includes an object lens (4) disposed in an optical path for light beams output by a coherent light source (1). The aberration correction device (3) has a symmetrical aberration correction element (3a) that corrects symmetrical aberrations, which are the wave front aberrations that are symmetrical with respect to the optical axis among the wave front aberrations generated in the optical path, and an asymmetrical aberration correction element (3b) that corrects asymmetrical aberrations, which are wave front aberrations that are asymmetrical with respect to the optical axis, generated in light beams incident obliquely on the object lens (4).

Abstract: A television receiver (3) is a portable display device having a handle (not illustrated) in which a power receiving coil (8) for contactless power supply is embedded.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the provision of a liquid crystal optical element that can accurately change the numerical aperture of an objective lens regardless of variations in temperature or wavelength. The liquid crystal optical element comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal provided between the first and second substrates, an electrode pattern formed on one of the first and second substrates and having an aperture control region, and an opposite electrode formed on the other one of the first and second substrates, the opposite electrode being opposed to the electrode pattern for applying a voltage therebetween, wherein a plurality of electrodes, for changing refractive index and thereby causing the incident light passing through the aperture control region to diverge, are formed in the aperture control region.

Abstract: A light modulator element includes a liquid crystal element which has a liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules aligned along a first direction, and two transparent electrodes disposed in opposition to each other with the liquid crystal layer sandwiched therebetween, and which controls the phase of linear polarization light and passing through said liquid crystal layer by applying an electric voltage between said two transparent electrodes; a polarizer plate which is disposed between a light source and said liquid crystal element and which has the transmission axis along the first direction or along a direction orthogonal to said first direction; and a rotation mechanism which supports the liquid crystal element and the polarizer plate and which rotates the liquid crystal element and the polarizer plate integrally in one unit with the optical axis of the liquid crystal element as the rotation axis.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel titanium-based composite oxide being usable as an electrode material for a lithium secondary battery and having a high capacity and an excellent cycle stability, a method for producing the same and a lithium secondary battery using the titanium-based composite oxide. Disclosed is a compound obtained by compositing titanium oxide with elements other than titanium, specifically a titanium-based composite oxide wherein the relevant chemical formula is Ti(1-x)MxOy, M is the element Nb or the element P, or a combination of these two elements in an optional ratio therebetween, x is such that 0<x<0.17, y is such that 1.8?y?2.1, x is the sum of Nb and P when M is a combination of the element Nb and the element P, and the present invention provides a lithium secondary battery using as an electrode the titanium-based composite oxide.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the provision of a liquid crystal device constructed by sealing a liquid crystal material between substrates, wherein provisions are made to prevent reflections at the sealing, thereby achieving excellent transparency. The liquid crystal device includes a first substrate disposed on a viewing side, a second substrate disposed opposite the first substrate, a sealing member disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a liquid crystal layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate and sealed by the sealing member, and a muslin structure or moth-eye structure placed between the first substrate and the sealing member. The muslin structure or moth-eye structure serves to form a smooth refractive index gradient between the sealing member and the first transparent substrate, thereby enhancing the transparency of the liquid crystal device.

Abstract: A refractive index measurement apparatus 1 includes a light source 10, a measurement cell (12, 22) including a sample (125, 226) as an object of refractive index measurement and diffracting light incident from the light source, a detector 13 that detects the amount of diffracted light in at least one diffraction order other than zero order of diffracted light exiting from the measurement cell, and a control unit 15 that determines refractive index of the sample corresponding to measured value of the amount of diffracted light detected in at least one diffraction order by the detector.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a cooling device with an increased leeward cooling capacity without increasing the number of heat radiation fins to be installed and the amount of cooling air. The cooling device comprises a heat-receiving block thermally connected to a heat-generating element and heat radiation fin groups having a plurality of fins thermally connected to the heat-receiving block. A flow of cooling air is set in the direction parallel to the heat-receiving block. The plurality of heat radiation fin groups are arranged in tandem along the flow direction of the cooling air. Of the plurality of the heat radiation fin groups, the fin pitch of the heat radiation fin group arranged on the windward side of the cooling air is larger than the fin pitch of the heat radiation fin group arranged on the leeward side of the cooling air.

Abstract: For the purpose of increasing the electric capacity of lithium secondary batteries comprising titanium-based negative electrode materials, the present invention aims to produce a titanium oxide compound whose crystal structure, crystallite size, specific surface area and primary particle size are controlled, and to provide a lithium secondary battery comprising such a compound. The present invention produces a lithium secondary battery by using, as an electrode active material, a titanium oxide compound for use in an electrode, which is represented by TiO2.(H2O)a.(A2O)b (wherein A is Na or K, a is 0<a=1, and b is 0<b=0.1) and has a main peak at 2?=20° to 30° and a minor peak at 2?=45° to 55° in its X-ray diffraction pattern, wherein the crystallite size determined from the main peak ranges from 40 ? more to 500 ? or less.

Abstract: A polarization conversion element includes a phase reversal element and a polarization plane rotation element including a liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal layer has a plurality of regions disposed along circumferential direction with the intersection point of the polarization lane rotation element and the optical axis as the center with alignment directions different from each other. When electric voltage in accordance with the wavelength of linear polarization incident on the polarization plane rotation element is applied, each region rotates the polarization plane of the polarization component transmitted by each region, and thereby converts linear polarization to radial polarization. The phase reversal element reverses, among the first and the second annular portions alternately disposed along the radial direction with the optical axis as the center, the phase of light incident on the first annular portion relative to the phase of light incident on the second annular portion.

Abstract: The microscope apparatus includes a light source which outputs linear polarization having a first wavelength, a polarization conversion element which includes a liquid crystal layer, and by causing linear polarization to pass the liquid crystal layer, converts linear polarization to radial polarization, an objective lens which focuses the radial polarization onto an object surface, a condenser lens which collimates the light reflected from the object surface, a light receiving element which receives light collimated by the condenser lens and outputs signal in accordance with the intensity of light, and a controller which applies electric voltage in accordance with the first wavelength to the liquid crystal layer of the polarization conversion element. The polarization conversion element is disposed in the pupil plane of the objective lens on the light source side.

Abstract: A heat sink with a centrifugal fan comprising: a cover of a prescribed shape including an air intake port and an air discharge port; a heat receiving block thermally connected to a heat generating part to be cooled; a bottom portion which is excellent in heat transferability, thermally connected to one face of said heat receiving block, and engaged to said cover to form a space portion; a heat dissipating fin portion comprising a plurality of fins, received within the space portion, thermally connected to said bottom portion, and having a prescribed shape including at least an air inflow portion; and a centrifugal fan, a rotating shaft of which is arranged in a vicinity of the air inflow portion of said heat dissipating fin portion, which intakes air from the air intake port, generates an air flow through spaces formed between adjacent fins of said heat dissipating fin portion, and generates another air flow along an inner wall of said cover toward said air discharge port.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel titanium-based composite oxide being usable as an electrode material for a lithium secondary battery and having a high capacity and an excellent cycle stability, a method for producing the same and a lithium secondary battery using the titanium-based composite oxide. Disclosed is a compound obtained by compositing titanium oxide with elements other than titanium, specifically a titanium-based composite oxide wherein the relevant chemical formula is Ti(1-x)MxOy, M is the element Nb or the element P, or a combination of these two elements in an optional ratio therebetween, x is such that 0<x<0.17, y is such that 1.8?y?2.1, x is the sum of Nb and P when M is a combination of the element Nb and the element P, and the present invention provides a lithium secondary battery using as an electrode the titanium-based composite oxide.

Abstract: A base plate for power module, comprising an aluminum-silicon carbide composite and aluminum layers made of a metal containing aluminum as the main component formed on respective principal planes of the aluminum-silicon carbide composite, wherein the aluminum-silicon carbide composite is produced by forming or fabricating a flat plate-shaped silicon carbide porous body to have a thickness difference of at most 100 ?m in the entire porous body and piling such porous bodies as they are each sandwiched between mold-releasing plates so that the fastening torque in the plane direction becomes from 1 to 20 Nm, and infiltrating a metal containing aluminum as the main component into the silicon carbide porous bodies, wherein the aluminum layers each has an average thickness of from 10 to 150 ?m, the difference between the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness of the aluminum layer in each principal plane is at most 80 ?m, and the difference between average thicknesses of the aluminum layers on the respective pr

Abstract: There are provided an electron beam application method and an electron beam application device capable of uniformly applying electron beams to an object even if the electron beams have a low energy. For this, electron beams (EB) are applied to a beverage container (30) (object) within a magnetic barrier (MF) formed by combining a plurality of magnetic fields generated in an electron beam application region.

Abstract: For the purpose of increasing the electric capacity of lithium secondary batteries comprising titanium-based negative electrode materials, the present invention aims to produce a titanium oxide compound whose crystal structure, crystallite size, specific surface area and primary particle size are controlled, and to provide a lithium secondary battery comprising such a compound. The present invention produces a lithium secondary battery by using, as an electrode active material, a titanium oxide compound for use in an electrode, which is represented by TiO2.(H2O)a.(A2O)b (wherein A is Na or K, a is 0<a=1, and b is 0<b=0.1) and has a main peak at 2?=20° to 30° and a minor peak at 2?=45° to 55° in its X-ray diffraction pattern, wherein the crystallite size determined from the main peak ranges from 40 ? more to 500 ? or less.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a heat sink withheat pipe, which is limited in height, not so noisy, compact and highly efficient in radiation, and can lower the temperature inside a casing as a whole more effectively even when it is used in an electronic appliance limited in height such as a personal computer, a game machine or the like.