Abstract: A semiconductor film having a crystalline structure is formed by using a metal element that assists the crystallization of the semiconductor film, and the metal element remaining in the film is effectively removed to decrease the dispersion among the elements. The semiconductor film or, typically, an amorphous silicon film having an amorphous structure is obtained based on the plasma CVD method as a step of forming a gettering site, by using a monosilane, a rare gas element and hydrogen as starting gases, the film containing the rare gas element at a high concentration or, concretely, at a concentration of 1×1020/cm3 to 1×1021/cm3 and containing fluorine at a concentration of 1×1015/cm3 to 1×1017/cm3.

Abstract: A receiver apparatus receives substantially concurrently a plurality of signals k (k=1, 2, . . . , M) that have been transmitted while being allocated in a broad, first frequency band. The receiver apparatus includes a frequency conversion section for reallocating the signals k in a second frequency band within which the signals k can be sampled by a single AD converter; an AD conversion section for sampling the signals k having being reallocated into the second frequency band at a sampling frequency fs such that digital data of the sampled signals k are obtained in a third frequency band extending from zero Hz to a frequency represented by fs/2; and a signal extraction section for extracting a target base band signal k from the digital data obtained through the sampling by the AD conversion section.

Abstract: A technique of reducing fluctuation between elements is provided in which a semiconductor film having a crystal structure is obtained by using a metal element that accelerates crystallization of a semiconductor film and then the metal element remaining in the film is removed effectively. A barrier layer is formed on a semiconductor film having a crystal structure by plasma CVD from monosilane and nitrous oxide as material gas. In a step of forming a gettering site, a semiconductor film having an amorphous structure and containing a high concentration of noble gas element, specifically, 1×1020 to 1×1021 /cm3, is formed by plasma CVD. The film is typically an amorphous silicon film. Then gettering is conducted.

Abstract: A multicarrier demodulation method for a multicarrier transmission scheme adapted to receive and demodulate a signal consisting of N subcarriers which contain at least N-M (M<N) nullcarriers as subcarriers is characterized in that digital signals corresponding to N sampling points which enable demodulation of all the N subcarriers are obtained; digital signals corresponding to M preset sampling points are extracted from the digital signals corresponding to the N sampling points; a matrix is provided for demodulating, from the digital signals corresponding to the M sampling points, to desired L subcarriers (L<M) among M subcarriers other than the N-M nullcarriers, on the basis of the numbers of the M subcarriers other than the N-M nullcarriers and the numbers of the extracted sampling points; and the desired L subcarriers among M subcarriers other than the N-M nullcarriers are demodulated by use of a product of the provided matrix and a vector which includes as components the digital signals correspondin

Abstract: A semiconductor film having a crystalline structure is formed by using a metal element that assists the crystallization of the semiconductor film, and the metal element remaining in the film is effectively removed to decrease the dispersion among the elements. The semiconductor film or, typically, an amorphous silicon film having an amorphous structure is obtained based on the plasma CVD method as a step of forming a gettering site, by using a monosilane, a rare gas element and hydrogen as starting gases, the film containing the rare gas element at a high concentration or, concretely, at a concentration of 1×1020/cm3 to 1×1021/cm3 and containing fluorine at a concentration of 1×1015/cm3 to 1×1017/cm3.

Abstract: An adaptive communication apparatus for use in a multicarrier transmission system in which data sequence to be transmitted is divided into a plurality of data sequences, and these data sequences are converted into a high-frequency signal including a plurality of carriers allocated different frequencies and radio-transmitted in parallel. In the adaptive communication apparatus, a received high-frequency signal is separated into a plurality of carriers by a wave separator. The frequency characteristic of the received high-frequency signal is corrected by a frequency characteristic compensation unit. The frequency characteristic compensation unit is controlled by a controller through use of the high-frequency signal subjected to signal processing by the frequency characteristic compensation unit and the wave separator.

Abstract: A photosensitive material processing apparatus includes plural processing tanks each to process a photosensitive material; plural cartridges each to fill solid processing agents for replenishment used in each of the plural processing tanks.

Abstract: A photosensitive material processing apparatus for processing a photosensitive material such as a photographic film and a photographic print in use with a solid processing agent. The apparatus includes: a processing tank for processing the photosensitive material; a processing agent accommodating chamber for accommodating the solid processing agent; a pump for circulating a processing solution between the processing tank and the processing agent accommodating chamber; and a processing agent supply for supplying the solid processing agent to the processing agent accommodating chamber. The processing agent accommodating chamber includes a processing agent dissolving member which further includes a processing agent support member for supporting the solid processing agent. A sectional area of the processing agent support member is increased as it comes to a lower portion of the processing agent supporting member.

Abstract: A processing machine to process information recorded on a photographic film to be processed in the form of plural information. When information contents relating to the same processing item are recorded both in the form of information that is possible to rewrite and in the form of information that is impossible to rewrite, the photographic film is processed based on the form of information that is possible to rewrite.

Abstract: In this resilient multi layered member, there are provided as laminated together: a surface skin layer, formed of PVC resin powder made into a gel, on the outside side of the resilient multi layered member; a foam material layer, formed from foamed PVC resin powder, the outer side of which is adhered to the inner side of the surface skin layer; a cushion material layer, the outer side of which is adhered to the inner side of the foam material layer; and a substantially stiff core material layer, the outer side of which is adhered to the inner side of the cushion material layer, on the inside side of the resilient multi layered member. There may be further included an adhesive layer by means of which the outer side of the cushion material layer is adhered to the inner side of the foam material layer. The cushion material layer may be formed from urethane foam, or from non woven fabric, which may be a felt material, and may have a density greater than about 200 grams per square meter.