Abstract: Linear 1-olefins are continuously prepared from internal olevins by (i) continuously feeding internal olefin, isomerization catalyst and tri-lower alkyl aluminum to a reaction zone so as to cause the internal olefin to isomerize to 1-olefins which displace the lower alkyl groups to form a trialkyl aluminum compound in which at least one of the alkyl groups is a linear alkyl derived from the 1-olefin, (ii) continuously removing trialkylaluminum compound from the reaction zone and, thereafter, (iii) reacting the trialkyl aluminum compound with a 1-olefin so as to displace the linear alkyl from the trialkyl aluminum compound, thereby forming a linear 1-olefin product which is substantially free of internal olefins.

Abstract: Linear 1-olefins are prepared from internal olefins by (i) reacting them in the presence of an isomerization catalyst and a tri-lower alkyl aluminum so as to cause internal olefin to isomerize to 1-olefins which displace the lower alkyl groups to form a trialkyl aluminum compound in which at least one of the alkyl groups is a linear alkyl derived from the 1-olefin, and, thereafter, (ii) reacting the trialkyl aluminum compound with a 1-olefin so as to displace the linear alkyl from the trialkyl aluminum compound, thereby forming a linear 1-olefin product which is substantially free of internal olefins.

Abstract: Linear 1-olefins are prepared from internal olefins by (i) reacting them in the presence of an isomerization catalyst and a tri-lower alkyl aluminum so as to cause the internal olefin to isomerize to 1-olefins which displace the lower alkyl groups to form a trialkyl aluminum compound in which at least one of the alkyl groups is a linear alkyl derived from the 1-olefin, and, thereafter, (ii) reacting the trialkyl aluminum compound with a 1-olefin so as to displace the linear alkyl from the trialkyl aluminum compound, thereby forming a linear 1-olefin product which is substantially free of internal olefins.

Abstract: Boron particles in bead-like form suitable for use in the preparation of doped, single crystal silicon can be prepared using a fluidized bed technique for chemical vapor deposition of a boron hydride, such as diborane or decaborane.

Abstract: Particles of silicon and a p or n carrier substance which are in spherical or spheroidal form, and suitable for use in the preparation of doped semiconductor devices, can be prepared by a fluidized bed technique for chemical vapor deposition of a carrier substance (B, P, As or Sb). The prepared products have a kernel of high purity polysilicon and a layer of silicon/dopant alloy upon the kernel. Optionally, the particles have a thin outer layer of silicon.

Abstract: Method for determining levels of sulfhydryl amino acids, particularly total homocysteine levels in samples of body tissue from warm-blooded animals, methods of detecting cobalamin and folic acid deficiency using an assay for total homocysteine levels, and methods for distinguishing cobalamin from folic acid deficiency using an assay for total homocysteine levels in conjunction with an assay for methylmalonic acid.

Abstract: Silicon of high purity is made by decomposing silane in a fluidized bed reactor. To obtain good process economics, two modes of operation are used. In a first mode, the reactor is operated under high productivity conditions which also result in co-production of silicon dust or fines. The dust on the particles can cause problems in handling. For example, in bagging the particles, or removing the particles from a bag, the dust can become airborne from the larger particle surfaces and form an objectionable cloud of silicon dust. The invention provides a method for uniting dust to the larger silicon particles. In a second process mode, a thin (0.1-5.0 micron) layer of high purity silicon is deposited on the dust laden particles. This second mode is most preferably carried out by (a) treating the dust-laden particles with a deposition gas comprising 1 to 5 mole % silicon admixed with an inert carrier gas such as hydrogen, (b) in a fluidized bed reactor, and (c) at a process temperature of 620.degree.-650.degree.

Abstract: Hydrogen-containing effluent gas can be treated with activated carbon to remove boron or phosphorus impurity prior to recycle to a fluidized bed reactor. The process is conducted at cryogenic temperatures.

Abstract: Undesirable conversion of a silicon source, such as silane, in the freeboard above a fluidized bed of silicon particles in a fluidized bed reactor, can be reduced by cooling the gas within the freeboard. Preferably, the reduction in temperature is achieved by introducing into the freeboard, a stream of relatively cool quench gas such as hydrogen, which also reduces the concentration of silane in the freeboard. As a result of these two factors, the invention improves the service factor of the fluidized bed apparatus, and reduces the amount of silane conversion to undesired by-products.

Abstract: Particles of silicon and a p or n carrier substance which are in spherical or spheroidal form, and suitable for use in the preparation of doped semiconductor devices, can be prepared by a fluidized bed technique for chemical vapor deposition of a carrier substance (B, P, As or Sb). The prepared products have a kernel of high purity polysilicon and a layer of silicon/dopant alloy upon the kernel. Optionally, the particles have a thin outer layer of silicon.

Abstract: Silicon of high purity is made by decomposing silane in a fluidized bed reactor. To obtain good process economics, two modes of operation are used. In a first mode, the reactor is operated under high productivity conditions which also result in co-production of silicon dust or fines. The dust on the particles can cause problems in handling. For example, in bagging the particles, or removing the particles from a bag, the dust can become airborne from the larger particle surfaces and form an objectionable cloud of silicon dust. The invention provides a method for uniting dust to the larger silicon particles. In a second process mode, a thin (0.1-5.0 micron) layer of high purity silicon is deposited on the dust laden particles. This second mode is most preferably carried out by (a) treating the dust-laden particles with a deposition gas comprising 1 to 5 mole % silicon admixed with an inert carrier gas such as hydrogen, (b) in a fluidized bed reactor, and (c) at a process temperature of 620.degree.650.degree. C.

Abstract: Particles of silicon and a p or n carrier substance which are in spherical or spheroidal form, and suitable for use in the preparation of doped semiconductor devices, can be prepared by a fluidized bed technique for chemical vapor deposition of a carrier substance (B, P, As or Sb). The prepared products have a kernel of high purity polysilicon and a layer of silicon/dopant alloy upon the kernel. Optionally, the particles have a thin outer layer of silicon.

Abstract: Silicon of high purity is used in making semiconductor devices. Silicon for this purpose is made by decomposing silane in a fluidized bed reactor. This process entails thermal decomposition of silane to deposit additional metallic silicon on particles of high purity silicon. To obtain good process economics, two modes of operation are used. In a first mode, the reactor is operated under high productivity conditions which also result in co-production of silicon dust or fines. Some of the dust is deposited on the product silicon particles and some of it is elutriated by gas flow in the reactor and removed through an exit point near the top of the reactor apparatus. The dust on the particles can cause problems in handling. For example, in bagging the particles, or removing the particles from a bag, the dust can become airborne from the larger particle surfaces and form an objectionable cloud of silicon dust.

Abstract: Undesirable conversion of a silicon source, such as silane, in the freeboard above a fluidized bed of silicon particles in a fluidized bed reactor, can be reduced by cooling the gas within the freeboard. Preferably, the reduction in temperature is achieved by introducing into the freeboard, a stream of relatively cool quench gas such as hydrogen, which also reduces the concentration of silane in the freeboard. As a result of these two factors, the invention improves the service factor of the fluidized bed apparatus, and reduces the amount of silane conversion to undesired by-products.

Abstract: Vitamin B.sub.12 (cobalamin) and/or folate (folic acid) assay techniques can be simplified, by eliminating the step of heating or boiling the to-be-tested sample prior to its assay. This is accomplished by utilizing compositions and procedures:(1) which substantially completely liberate all vitamin B.sub.12 and/or folate from endogenous binding protein without heating or boiling;(2) which substantially completely destroy all endogenous binding protein which is present in the to-be-assayed sample, and which may bind natural and radioactive vitamin B.sub.12 or folate both due to its liberation from vitamin B.sub.12 or folate in the original sample or due to its unbound presence in the original sample;(3) which substantially completely inhibit or block any undestroyed endogenous binding protein; and(4) which substantially completely inhibit or destroy any intrinsic factor-blocking antibodies which may be present in the to-be-assayed sample.

Abstract: The reticulocyte content present in a specimen of red blood cells is quantitatively measured based upon the selective immunoreactivity of the reticulocyte portion of the specimen with a reticulocyte-specific antibody which is immunoreactive with proteinaceous material associated with reticulocytes but not associated with mature red blood cells. Such immunoreactive proteinaceous material may be transferrin, transferrin receptor, transcobalamin II, or transcobalamin II receptor. Various procedures are described for quantitating such selective immunoreactivity, including fluorescent and radioactive detection techniques employing direct or indirect fluorescent or radioactive labeling of the reticulocyte-specific antibody.

Abstract: Vitamin-containing multicomponent compositions are assayed to determine the extent of conversion of the vitamin to one or more analogues thereof due to interaction between the vitamin and the other components of the composition, employing a radioactive labeled form of the vitamin. The assay is useful for quality control in the manufacture of multivitamin and multivitamin-mineral formulations and vitamin-supplemented foods intended for human or animal ingestion.

Abstract: The vitamin B.sub.12 (cobalamin) level of human blood and mammalian tissue is routinely assayed utilizing radioisotope dilution assay (RIDA) techniques. The presence of vitamin "B.sub.12 analogues" in most such samples, which analogues are erroneously assayed as true vitamin B.sub.12 utilizing prior art RIDA techniques, has been determined. Such errors are due to the fact that binding proteins commonly used in prior art RIDA techniques usually include proteins which bind both true vitamin B.sub.12 and the previously unrecognized vitamin B.sub.12 analogues which are present in such samples. The errors previously caused by the measurement of vitamin B.sub.12 analogues are avoided by using an assay composition for binding vitamin B.sub.12 which is substantially free of substances which bind vitamin B.sub.12 analogues in said samples. Methods of making and using such assay compositions are taught.

Abstract: The reticulocyte content present in a specimen of red blood cells is quantitatively measured based upon the selective immunoreactivity of the reticulocyte portion of the specimen with a reticulocyte-specific antibody which is immunoreactive with proteinaceous material associated with reticulocytes but not associated with mature red blood cells. Such immunoreactive proteinaceous material may be transferrin, transferrin receptor, transcobalamin II, or transcobalamin II receptor. Various procedures are described for quantitating such selective immunoreactivity, including fluorescent and radioactive detection techniques employing direct or indirect fluorescent or radioactive labeling of the reticulocyte-specific antibody.

Abstract: It has been determined that ingested vitamin B.sub.12 is bound by R protein in gastric juice, but that it is not capable of absorption in this form. In a system with a normally functioning exocrine pancreas, R protein is degraded by pancreatic proteases in the small intestine, which then allows the B.sub.12 to be transferred and bound to intrinsic factor protein (IF) from which it can be absorbed. This phenomenon serves as the basis for a test for pancreatic exocrine function in which the following compositions are ingested: (1) a complex of IF and B.sub.12 in which the B.sub.12 is labelled; (2) a combination of another binding material, such as R protein, and B.sub.12, in which the B.sub.12 is labelled (in preferred embodiments the B.sub.12 is labelled differently than the B.sub.12 in the IF-B.sub.12 complex); and (3) means for preventing R protein in the gastric juices from removing B.sub.12 from the IF-B.sub.12 complex, (in preferred embodiments such means are B.sub.