Abstract: A driving system for a vehicle includes drive source, a driven portion, a unidirectional power transmitting unit provided on a power transmission path between the drive source and the driven portion, and having a first member, a second member, and an engaging element interposed between the first member and the second member, and an eccentricity acquiring unit adapted to acquire an eccentricity, the eccentricity being a magnitude of deviation between the rotational axis of the first member and the rotational axis of the second member.

Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to provide a friction stir welding device with which the temperature in the proximity of a weld part on a member to be welded can be intermittently measured by enabling the temperature of a plurality of sites in a rotary tool (4) used for friction stir welding to be ascertained in real-time when welding. This rotary tool (4) for a friction stir welding device comprises: a hollow channel (26a) that extends from the upper end of a shoulder part (4c) to the proximity of the lower end of a probe (4d), and that is on substantially the same axis as the axis of rotation of the shoulder part (4c); and a hollow, outer periphery channel (26b) that is apart from the axis of rotation of the shoulder part (4c) in the radial direction and in proximity of the outer periphery of the shoulder part (4c), and that extends from the upper end of the shoulder part to the proximity of the lower end thereof.

Abstract: A vehicle including a housing supported on a framework member of the vehicle via a supporting member, a liquid medium supply unit fixed to the housing and driven by a motor to supply a liquid medium to a cooled or lubricated portion, and a first atmosphere communicating mechanism that establishes a communication between an inside of a motor portion of the liquid medium supply unit and atmosphere, the first atmosphere communicating mechanism including a volumetric member that is disposed apart from the liquid medium supply unit in a position higher than the liquid medium supply unit, that has a predetermined volumetric space, and that is fixed to the housing.

Abstract: A ceramic substrate is formed of a polycrystalline ceramic and has a supporting main surface. The supporting main surface has a roughness of 0.01 nm or more and 3.0 nm or less in terms of Sa. The number of projections and depressions with a height of 1 nm or more in a square region with 50 ?m sides on the supporting main surface is less than 5 on average, and the number of projections and depressions with a height of 2 nm or more in the square region is less than 1 on average.

Abstract: When a second member of a power plant is in a first position with respect to a first member, a first communication port communicates with a fluid pressure supply source and second and third communication ports communicate with first and second pressure chambers of a fluid pressure motor. The second and third communication ports are shut off from a fourth communication port connected to a reservoir. Different positions of the second member result different communication and shut off relationships among the first to fourth ports. The first to fourth communication ports are provided in a plurality of communication port groups each formed by the first to fourth communication ports.

Abstract: A drive device for a vehicle includes a first drive shaft, a second drive shaft, a differential mechanism, a speed reduction mechanism, and a case. The second speed reduction pinion gear of the speed reduction mechanism, and the first pinion gear and the second pinion gear of the differential mechanism are arranged out of phase in a rotation direction, and are arranged at a position in an axial direction so that at least any one of the first pinion gear and the second pinion gear of the differential mechanism overlaps with the second speed reduction pinion gear of the speed reduction mechanism.

Abstract: When a second member of a power plant is in a first position with respect to a first member, a first communication port communicates with a fluid pressure supply source and second and third communication ports communicate with first and second pressure chambers of a fluid pressure motor. The second and third communication ports are shut off from a fourth communication port connected to a reservoir. Different positions of the second member result different communication and shut off relationships among the first to fourth ports. The first to fourth communication ports are provided in a plurality of communication port groups each formed by the first to fourth communication ports.

Abstract: A driving system includes a drive source for driving a left drive portion and a right drive portion, a power transmission mechanism having a first and second differential mechanisms each including a first rotating element, a second rotating element and a third rotating element and a switching unit. The first rotating elements of the first and second differential mechanisms are connected to each other so as to rotate in the same direction, the second rotating elements of the first and second differential elements are connected to the left drive portion and the right drive portion, respectively, and the third rotating elements of the first and second differential mechanism are connected toe ach other so as to rotate in opposite directions.

Abstract: A vehicle including a housing supported on a framework member of the vehicle via a supporting member, a liquid medium supply unit fixed to the housing and driven by a motor to supply a liquid medium to a cooled or lubricated portion, and a first atmosphere communicating mechanism that establishes a communication between an inside of a motor portion of the liquid medium supply unit and atmosphere, the first atmosphere communicating mechanism including a volumetric member that is disposed apart from the liquid medium supply unit in a position higher than the liquid medium supply unit, that has a predetermined volumetric space, and that is fixed to the housing.

Abstract: A driving system for a vehicle includes drive source, a driven portion, a unidirectional power transmitting unit provided on a power transmission path between the drive source and the driven portion, and having a first member, a second member, and an engaging element interposed between the first member and the second member, and an eccentricity acquiring unit adapted to acquire an eccentricity, the eccentricity being a magnitude of deviation between the rotational axis of the first member and the rotational axis of the second member.

Abstract: A driving system for a vehicle includes a drive source, a driven portion, a wet multiple disc connection/disconnection unit provided on a power transmission path between the drive source and the driven portion, and a connection/disconnection unit controller configured to control a release and an application of the connection/disconnection unit, wherein the driving system further includes a time counter configured to obtain a continuous applied time that is an elapsed time from a start of a latest application of the connection/disconnection unit.

Abstract: A phase-contrast microscope system includes: an illumination optical system that illuminates a specimen with an illumination light from a light source; an imaging optical system that forms an image of the specimen from a light from the specimen; a first spatial modulation element that is disposed in a position of a pupil of the imaging optical system and changes an amplitude transmittance distribution of the light from the specimen; an image sensor that detects the image of the specimen by the imaging optical system and outputs a picture signal; a calculation section that calculates the amplitude transmittance distribution of the light from the specimen appropriate for observing the specimen on the basis of the output data detected by the image sensor and the amplitude transmittance distribution of the light from the specimen formed by the first spatial modulation element.

Abstract: A drive device for a vehicle includes a first drive shaft, a second drive shaft, a differential mechanism, a speed reduction mechanism, and a case. The second speed reduction pinion gear of the speed reduction mechanism, and the first pinion gear and the second pinion gear of the differential mechanism are arranged out of phase in a rotation direction, and are arranged at a position in an axial direction so that at least any one of the first pinion gear and the second pinion gear of the differential mechanism overlaps with the second speed reduction pinion gear of the speed reduction mechanism.

Abstract: An optical coherence tomography observation apparatus comprising a controller (30) and a detector (40), the controller being configured to illuminate first illumination light to an observation object, cause an image generator to generate a first tomographic image showing tomography of the observation object, illuminate second illumination light to the observation object, and cause the image generator to generate a second tomographic image showing tomography of the observation, and the detector being configured to detect a relative position of the second tomographic image with respect to the first tomographic image, at which a correlation of the second tomographic image with the first tomographic image becomes highest, are provided.

Abstract: To provide a light-transmitting window material made of a spinel sintered body, wherein the largest diameter of pores contained in the light-transmitting window material is not more than 100 ?m, and the number of pores having a largest diameter of not less than 10 ?m is not more than 2.0 per 1 cm3 of the light-transmitting window material, and wherein light scattering factors are further reduced, and a method for producing a spinel light-transmitting window material including the steps of preparing a spinel molded body; a primary sintering step of sintering the spinel molded body at normal pressure or less or in a vacuum at a temperature in the range of 1500 to 1900° C.; and a secondary sintering step of sintering the spinel molded body under pressure at a temperature in the range of 1500 to 2000° C., wherein the relative density of the spinel molded body after the primary sintering step is 95 to 96% and the relative density of the spinel molded body after the secondary sintering step is 99.8% or more.

Abstract: An optical coherence tomography observation apparatus comprising a controller (30) and a detector (40), the controller being configured to illuminate first illumination light to an observation object, cause an image generator to generate a first tomographic image showing tomography of the observation object, illuminate second illumination light to the observation object, and cause the image generator to generate a second tomographic image showing tomography of the observation, and the detector being configured to detect a relative position of the second tomographic image with respect to the first tomographic image, at which a correlation of the second tomographic image with the first tomographic image becomes highest, are provided.

Abstract: A substrate having appropriate strength and allowing firm bonding to a piezoelectric substrate and the like can be obtained at a lower cost. The substrate for an SAW device is formed of spinel, and PV value representing difference in level of one main surface of the substrate is at least 2 nm and at most 8 nm. Preferably, average roughness Ra of one main surface of the substrate is at least 0.01 nm and at most 0.5 nm. With such characteristics, the main surface of the substrate to be bonded to a piezoelectric substrate of the SAW device can be bonded satisfactorily to the piezoelectric material forming the piezoelectric substrate utilizing van der Waals interaction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a watermark information embedding device, a watermark information processing system, a watermark information embedding method and program that can provide a two-dimensional code enabling detection of copying. The watermark information embedding device comprises a first wavelet transform unit (12), a watermark information embedding unit (14) and an inverse wavelet transform unit (150). The first wavelet transform unit (12) performs a discrete wavelet transform on an original image of a two-dimensional code and decomposes this into various frequency components, namely an LL component, an LH component, an HL component and an HH component. The watermark information embedding unit (14) embeds the watermark information in the HH component as a high-frequency component in an oblique direction.

Abstract: A fluid flow path control unit includes a fluid supply unit supplying fluid to a hydraulic connection/disconnection unit and a fluid supplied portion, and a flow path selector valve disposed on a fluid flow path between the fluid supply unit and the fluid supplied portion or stradding between a hydraulic path communicating between the fluid supply unit and the hydraulic connection/disconnection unit and the fluid flow path. The selector valve includes a valve element switchable between a first operating position and a second operating position, a restoration member biasing the valve element from the second position toward the first position and a fluid chamber accomodating fluid biasing the valve element from the first position toward the second position. The fluid flow path has a flow path resistance differing between when the valve element is in the first position and when the valve element is in the second position.

Abstract: A phase-contrast microscope system includes: an illumination optical system that illuminates a specimen with an illumination light from a light source; an imaging optical system that forms an image of the specimen from a light from the specimen; a first spatial modulation element that is disposed in a position of a pupil of the imaging optical system and changes an amplitude transmittance distribution of the light from the specimen; an image sensor that detects the image of the specimen by the imaging optical system and outputs a picture signal; a calculation section that calculates the amplitude transmittance distribution of the light from the specimen appropriate for observing the specimen on the basis of the output data detected by the image sensor and the amplitude transmittance distribution of the light from the specimen formed by the first spatial modulation element.