Abstract: Provided is a substrate that can be made to have a suitable strength with low-cost and that can be bonded firmly to a piezoelectric substrate. The substrate, which is for SAW devices, consists of spinel, and the PV value of the difference in level of one of the main faces of the substrate is 2 nm to 8 nm inclusive. The average roughness (Ra) value of the one of the main faces of the substrate is preferably 0.01 nm to 3.0 nm inclusive, more preferably 0.01 nm to 0.5 nm inclusive. Also the Young's modulus of the spinel substrate, which is for the SAW device or other devices, is preferably 150 GPa to 350 GPa inclusive.

Abstract: The present invention provides a watermark information embedding device, a watermark information processing system, a watermark information embedding method and program that can provide a two-dimensional code enabling detection of copying. The watermark information embedding device comprises a first wavelet transform unit (12), a watermark information embedding unit (14) and an inverse wavelet transform unit (150). The first wavelet transform unit (12) performs a discrete wavelet transform on an original image of a two-dimensional code and decomposes this into various frequency components, namely an LL component, an LH component, an HL component and an HH component. The watermark information embedding unit (14) embeds the watermark information in the HH component as a high-frequency component in an oblique direction.

Abstract: A substrate having appropriate strength and allowing firm bonding to a piezoelectric substrate and the like can be obtained at a lower cost. The substrate for an SAW device is formed of spinel, and PV value representing difference in level of one main surface of the substrate is at least 2 nm and at most 8 nm. Preferably, average roughness Ra of one main surface of the substrate is at least 0.01 nm and at most 0.5 nm. With such characteristics, the main surface of the substrate to be bonded to a piezoelectric substrate of the SAW device can be bonded satisfactorily to the piezoelectric material forming the piezoelectric substrate utilizing van der Waals interaction.

Abstract: A low-cost spinel sintered body having small polarization and high heat-conductivity is provided. Also, a useful light-transmitting window and light-transmitting lens for light-emitting device is provided. For such purpose, the spinel sintered body of the present invention has a contrast ratio of 300 or more in the case of white light, where the contrast ratio is defined as the quotient obtained by dividing an amount of transmitting light in the case of being arranged between two polarizing plates, the polarizing directions of the two polarizing plates being parallel to each other, by an amount of transmitting light in the case of being arranged between two polarizing plates, the polarizing directions of the two polarizing plates being orthogonal to each other.

Abstract: There is provided a method of producing a polycrystalline transparent ceramic substrate used in a transparent substrate or the like for a liquid crystal projector. The method of producing a polycrystalline transparent ceramic substrate is characterized in comprising a step for sintering a ceramic body molded into a predetermined shape and producing a polycrystalline transparent ceramic sintered body, a step for cutting the polycrystalline transparent ceramic sintered body and producing a plurality of polycrystalline transparent ceramic cut bodies, a step for polishing the cut surfaces of the polycrystalline transparent ceramic cut bodies and producing polycrystalline transparent ceramic polished bodies, and a step for applying an antireflection coating to the polycrystalline transparent ceramic polished bodies and producing coated polycrystalline transparent ceramic bodies.

Abstract: There is provided a transparent polycrystalline spinel substrate characterized in having a transmittance of 0.005% or less in a crossed Nicol system at a thickness of 1 mm and a wavelength of 450 nm, which does not generate image blurring or light-dark change when used in optical products. There is also provided a method for producing the transparent polycrystalline spinel substrate comprising a step for preparing a spinel powder, a step for molding the spinel powder and producing a spinel formed body, a step for sintering the spinel formed body and producing a spinel sintered body, and a step for subjecting the spinel sintered body to hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and producing a spinel polycrystalline body. There is further provided a liquid crystal projector and a receiver for rear-projection television having the aforementioned transparent polycrystalline spinel substrate.

Abstract: A low-cost spinel sintered body having small polarization and high heat-conductivity is provided. Also, a useful light-transmitting window and light-transmitting lens for light-emitting device is provided. For such purpose, the spinel sintered body of the present invention has a contrast ratio of 300 or more in the case of white light, where the contrast ratio is defined as the quotient obtained by dividing an amount of transmitting light in the case of being arranged between two polarizing plates, the polarizing directions of the two polarizing plates being parallel to each other, by an amount of transmitting light in the case of being arranged between two polarizing plates, the polarizing directions of the two polarizing plates being orthogonal to each other.

Abstract: A low-cost spinel sintered body having small polarization and high heat-conductivity is provided. Also, a useful light-transmitting window and light-transmitting lens for light-emitting device is provided. For such purpose, the spinel sintered body of the present invention has a contrast ratio of 300 or more in the case of white light, where the contrast ratio is defined as the quotient obtained by dividing an amount of transmitting light in the case of being arranged between two polarizing plates, the polarizing directions of the two polarizing plates being parallel to each other, by an amount of transmitting light in the case of being arranged between two polarizing plates, the polarizing directions of the two polarizing plates being orthogonal to each other.

Abstract: A spinel sintered body has a composition of MgO·nAl2O3 (1.05?n?1.30) containing 20 ppm or less of Si element. A production method thereof includes the steps of: forming a compacted body from a spinel powder containing 50 ppm or less of Si element and having a purity of not less than 99.5 mass %; a first sintering step of forming a sintered body having a density of not less than 95% by sintering the compacted body at 1500° C. to 1700° C. in a vacuum; and a second sintering step of subjecting the sintered body to pressurized sintering at 1600° C. to 1800° C.

Abstract: A low-cost spinel sintered body having small polarization and high heat-conductivity is provided. Also, a useful light-transmitting window and light-transmitting lens for light-emitting device is provided. For such purpose, the spinel sintered body of the present invention has a contrast ratio of 300 or more in the case of white light, where the contrast ratio is defined as the quotient obtained by dividing an amount of transmitting light in the case of being arranged between two polarizing plates, the polarizing directions of the two polarizing plates being parallel to each other, by an amount of transmitting light in the case of being arranged between two polarizing plates, the polarizing directions of the two polarizing plates being orthogonal to each other.

Abstract: A transparent substrate for an optical engine of a rear-projection television receiver or a liquid crystal image projector, in particular, for protecting an original image forming panel of the optical engine, the transparent substrate characterized by being formed from a transparent highly-thermal-conductive cubic polycrystal plate, exhibiting good transmission of light or the like, good thermal conductivity, and good operability, and a rear-projection television receiver including the transparent substrate. It is favorable that the transparent substrate formed from the transparent highly-thermal-conductive cubic polycrystal and provided with a coating layer on a surface is used. Preferably, the coating layer is a multilayer. It is favorable that the material for the coating is at least two types selected from metal fluorides, metal oxides, and zinc compounds. The optical transparency is improved and the environmental stability is also improved by the coating.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a key task processing system which, when a computer terminal is caused to execute a key task processing, is capable of inputting data using input assistant on both a screen in window format and a screen in web format similarly to the conventional technique. The key task processing system includes: a key task processing database which stores data for executing a key task processing of a company; a key task processing means which executes the key task processing using the data in the key task processing database; a means for window format which transmits/receives the data to be used in the key task processing means via the network to/from the user terminal which accepts input of the key task processing in window format; and a means for web format which transmits/receives the data to be used in the key task processing means via the network to/from the user terminal which accepts input of the key task processing in web format.

Abstract: An input/output screen creating system, which creates an input/output screen to be used in a work processing system, has an object storage unit, an input/output screen creating unit, a grid display unit, and an input/output screen storage unit. The object storage unit stores a plurality of objects capable of being arranged on the input/output screen therein. The input/output screen creating unit displays a form for creating and editing the input/output screen, and accepts an input of an arrangement of the objects stored in the object on the form. The grid display unit superposes and arranges grids having the size for a two-byte or one-byte character on a canvas to be a job area on the input/output screen provided to the form. The input/output screen storage unit stores the input/output screen having the objects arranged with them being related with the grids therein.

Abstract: A computer-readable recording medium in which basic-administrative-tasks software programs are recorded, according to this invention provides a module for data-writing processing into a database in a manner so as to maintain compatibility of data between tables, even when customized data is included in a table. The module for writing data is equipped with both a data-writing processing functions group corresponding to the customization, and a writing means for simultaneously updating both a customizing region and a core region in the database memory on a disk.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for measuring the surface profile of a “test surface” of an object such as an optical element, which can be a lens or reflective element (mirror). The “test surface” can have any of various profiles, including (but not limited to) spherical or aspherical. In a method embodiment, respective phase distributions of interference fringes, produced by interference of a reference light and light reflected from the test surface, and interference of the reference light and a respective light reflected from at a reference standard and/or a verification standard. A profile difference is computed from the respective phase distributions of interference fringes produced with respect to the test surface and the reference standard and/or verification standard.

Abstract: Angle (&thgr;) formed by straight lines (A, B) connecting a fixed shaft (23) and two connecting shafts (24, 25) of a triaxial link (16) of a slide drive unit (10) is set acute, so that position of a slide at any crank angle can be made higher than a conventional arrangement throughout the entire slide motion and the slide can be located above a height necessary for conveying a workpiece for a longer time per the same cycle speed, thereby driving a transfer feeder with sufficient time, allowing secure conveyance of the workpiece while improving productivity of a press and avoiding restriction of design.

Abstract: Angle (&thgr;) formed by straight lines (A, B) connecting a fixed shaft (23) and two connecting shafts (24, 25) of a triaxial link (16) of a slide drive unit (10) is set acute, so that position of a slide at any crank angle can be made higher than a conventional arrangement throughout the entire slide motion and the slide can be located above a height necessary for conveying a workpiece for a longer time per the same cycle speed, thereby driving a transfer feeder with sufficient time, allowing secure conveyance of the workpiece while improving productivity of a press and avoiding restriction of design.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a projection optical system (37) for projecting a pattern from a reticle to a photosensitive substrate, comprising a surface-shape-measuring step wherein the shape of an optical test surface (38) of an optical element (36) which is a component in the projection optical system is measured by causing interference between light from the optical surface (38) and light from an aspheric reference surface (70) while the optical test surface (38) and said reference surface (70) are held in integral fashion in close mutual proximity. A wavefront-aberration-measuring step is included, wherein the optical element is assembled in the projection optical system and the wavefront aberration of the projection optical system is measured.

Abstract: A surface shape measuring apparatus that can measure surface shapes of optical elements such as lenses and mirrors with high degree of accuracy, and a method for calibrating a lateral coordinate of the surface shape measuring apparatus, are disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed for measuring the surface topography of a test surface, such as a spherical or aspherical surface of a refractive or reflective optical element. The test surface is measured by detecting the state of interference fringes generated by interference of a reference light beam and a measurement light beam that interacts (e.g., reflects from) the test surface. The reference and measurement beams are produced by a point light source having a reflective surface. The point light source is disposed between a source of input light and the test surface. The measurement beam (after interacting with the test surface) and the reference beam are caused to interfere with each other to produce a first interference-fringe state. The distance between the point light source and the test surface can be changed between production of the first interference-fringe state and production of a second interference-fringe state.