Abstract: A contact member for controlling an electrostatic state of a surface of a chargeable member includes electrically conductive base members, and flame retardant material included in the base members.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes electrostatic latent image carrier having a moving surface to be charged and contact charging device for selectively applying a first charging voltage and a second charging voltage to the surface to be charged, the second charging voltage having the same polarity as the first charging voltage and having an absolute value smaller than that of the first charging voltage, the first charging voltage being applied to an electrostatic latent image forming region of the surface to be charged, the first charging voltage being changed to the second charging voltage when a region confronting the contact charging device moves from the electrostatic latent image forming region to a non-image portion in accordance with movement of the surface to be charged.

Abstract: This invention relate to a production method of a photosensitive member having an organic photosensitive layer and a surface protective layer in this order on an electrically conductive substrate comprising;a first step of forming the organic photosensitive layer on the electrically conductive substrate,a second step of eliminating an outermost surface portion of the organic photosensitive layer, anda third step of forming the surface protective layer under vacuum conditions on the organic photosensitive layer.

Abstract: A photoreceptor for contact charging to be used in an electrophotographic process, which includes an electrically conductive base and a photosensitive layer formed on the base so as to be charged by contact charging, and is characterized in that even when pin holes or photosensitive layer lacking portions in the form of pin holes are present on he photosensitive layer, short-circuiting is safely and positively prevented over a long period. The electrically conductive base further includes a base main body of aluminum alloy having Brinell hardness higher than 40 H.sub.B, and an alumite treatment applied over the surface of the aluminum alloy base main body.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus having a detachable imaging cartridge which includes a photosensitive member charged by a charge brush having brush fibers. At least one of the photosensitive member and the charging brush is detachable from the imaging cartridge, and the detachable one is attached to the imaging cartridge through a guide member so that the brush fibers of the charge brush are indented toward a downstream side relative to a predetermined position of the charge brush with respect to the rotational direction of the photosensitive member.

Abstract: A contact charger for charging an image bearing member includes a support member, a flexible film supported by the support member and having a free end adapted to contact the surface of the image bearing member, and a power device for applying a charging voltage to the flexible film wherein the flexible film has an electrically conductive substrate layer and an electrically insulated overcoat layer superposed onto the substrate layer.

Abstract: A contact charging device for charging a moving surface of an electrostatic latent image support member includes a large number of brush hairs contacting the moving surface of the electrostatic latent image support member; a brush restricting member, which is disposed upstream to the brush hairs in a moving direction of the surface of the electrostatic latent image support member and contacts the brush hairs; and a brush holder member holding the brush hair group, the holder member being electrically coupled to a power supply to apply a voltage to the brush hairs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photosensitive member in which a vacuum thin layer is formed as a surface protective layer on or over the roughened surface of the photosensitive layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photosensitive layer comprising:a substrate;a photosensitive layer formed on the substrate;a surface protective layer formed on the photosensitive layer, the surface protective layer being a deposited layer formed by a vacuum vapor deposition method to have no less than 400/cm.sup.2 solvent-penetrable spots formed in its thickness direction.

Abstract: In a printer, in which a fixed brush charger charges a surface of a photosensitive drum to form a charged area to be converted into an electrostatic latent image by an optical system, fine particles having a volumetric mean particle diameter of 5 to 20 .mu.m are supplied to the brush charger, from upstream side, in a moving direction of surface of the photosensitive member, of the charger, the particles being adhered onto the surface of the photosensitive member with an adhesion density of 5 to 1000 pcs/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: This invention relates to a photosensitive member comprising a conductive substrate; an organic photosensitive layer formed on the conductive substrate, and containing a solvent at a content of 1,500 ppm or less; and a surface protective layer formed on the organic photosensitive layer, which is composed of an amorphous hydrocarbon having an absorptivity coefficient of 400 to 5,000 cm.sup.-1 with respect to light of 450 nm wavelength.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a latent image carrier having a movable surface, and a stationary contact brush charger for electrostatically charging the surface of the latent image carrier in contact therewith during a movement of the carrier surface relative to the brush charger. In this apparatus, the contact time t, during which any arbitrarily chosen point on the carrier surface then moving in one direction is held in contact with the brush charger, and the electric resistance R of each of the brush bristles forming the brush charger are chosen such that the product of the contact time t multiplied by the common logarithm of the electric resistance R, i.e., (t.times.log.sub.10 R), is within the range of 0.9 to 4.6.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photosensitive member comprising a conductive substrate; an organic photosensitive layer formed on the conductive substrate, and containing a solvent at a content of 2,500 ppm or more; and a surface protective layer formed on the organic photosensitive layer, which is composed of an amorphous hydrocarbon having an absorptivity coefficient of 400 to 5,000 cm.sup.-1 with respect to light of 450 nm wavelength.

Abstract: A contact charger for charging an image bearing member comprises a support member, a flexible film supported at a side end by the support member and having a free end adapted to contact the surface of the image bearing member, and power device for applying charging voltage to the flexible film.

Abstract: The image forming apparatus includes a housing, image forming device provided in the housing for forming a toner image onto a sheet, and a fixing device provided in the housing for heating the toner image to be fixed on the sheet. A passageway is provided adjacent to the fixing device for intaking air substantially directly from the exterior of the housing and exhausting out to the exterior so as to form a cooling passageway. An airflow controller is provided for causing said air flow to form the cooling passageway.

Abstract: The present invention relates to method and apparatus for processing a fused toner image onto paper by using toner having a predetermined mean particle size and paper having a specialized surface roughness so as to improve the fused strength of the toner and image quality.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photosensitive member comprising a carrier transporting layer of hydrogen-containing carbon, which is excellent in a charge transporting property, a chargeability, a rigidity and resistances to corona, acid, moisture and heat as well as an adhesive property of a charge transporting layer with a charge generating layer and a substrate.

Abstract: An image forming method comprising the steps of forming an electrostatic latent image on a photosensitive member having a surface layer containing binder resin and photosensitive material dispersed in the binder resin, supplying charged toner particles to the above electrostatic latent image to form a toner image on the above photosensitive member, conveying paper toward the surface of the above photosensitive member to engage the paper with the above toner image, and transferring the toner image formed on the photosensitive member to the above paper, the relationship among the normal velocity (N) [mm/sec] of the paper which is defined by the formula of (v) sin .theta., and the thickness (T) [.mu.m] and the Vickers hardness (V) of the surface layer of the above photosensitive member satisfying the condition of T.multidot.(V/N).sup.0.

Abstract: A photosensitive medium which comprises an electroconductive substrate, an organic photosensitive layer formed on the substrate and a surface protective layer formed on the photosensitive layer and including amorphous hydrocarbon. The surface protective layer has a first region overlaying the photosensitive layer and a second region overlaying the first region. The second region of the surface protective layer includes amorphous hydrocarbon having a light absorption coefficient at a wavelength of 450 nm which is greater than 10,000 cm.sup.-1, and the first region of the surface protective layer includes amorphous hydrocarbon having a light absorption coefficient which is relatively smaller than that of the second region of the surface protective layer.

Abstract: This invention relates to an image forming apparatus, an image forming method and a separating device, using a separating pawl brought into contact with a surface of the photosensitive member, characterized in that maximum surface roughness of portions, where the separating pawl is brought into contact with the photosensitive member, is smaller than a layer-thickness of the surface protective layer.