Abstract: A focal-plane shutter for a camera has a base plate having a shutter opening and which is connectable to a body of the camera having a rear cover which can be opened and closed during a film replacement operation. The focal-plane shutter has an opening sector group having sectors for undergoing opening movement in an operational state to open the shutter opening during a shutter release operation, and a closing sector group having sectors for undergoing closing movement in an operational state to close the shutter opening during the shutter release operation. A control device controls the opening sector group and the closing sector group to open and close the shutter opening, respectively. A holding device holds the closing sector group at a nonoperational position during an opening state of the rear cover of the camera and releases the hold of the closing sector group in the nonoperational position during a closing state of the rear cover of the camera.

Abstract: A camera shutter has a set of opening shutter blades and a set of closing shutter blades. A shutter driver mechanism alternately displaces the opening and closing shutter blades to a first position wherein the blades are fanned-out and cover a shutter opening and a second position wherein the blades are retracted and do not cover the shutter opening. The shutter driver mechanism has an engaging pawl having a lower protrusion that pushes an upper protrusion on the top surface of an arm that supports the shutter blades when they are in the first position to thereby urge the shutter blades into intimate contact with each other. Prior to the start of an exposure, the lower protrusion stops pushing the upper protrusion so that the shutter blades can move freely during an exposure operation.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a cross rolling machine in which the simplification of a drive system and the improved rigidity of a housing are achieved, the accuracy of crossing operation is enhanced, and the economical efficiency is high. To achieve the above object, a pair of top work roll chock 22 and top backup roll chock 44 are fixed by operating hydraulic cylinders 243 and 443 on the delivery side in synchronism to move pressing members 241 and 441 in the direction of delivery side to the position for positioning and by moving pressing members 231 and 431 on the entrance side in the direction of delivery side by hydraulic cylinders 233 and 433 on the entrance side to press the chocks 22 and 42 on the pressing members 241 and 441 on the delivery side. A pair of bottom work roll chock 32 and bottom backup chock 52 are positioned on the entrance side and fixed by operating hydraulic cylinders 333, 533, 343 and 543 in the opposite direction (entrance direction).

Abstract: In the present invention, in cutting the top and bottom surfaces of a hot-rolled sheet by the rotation of milling cutters holding the sheet therebetween in the thickness direction of the sheet in the running process of the hot-rolled sheet, the cutting resistance determined by the cutting conditions including the type of hot-rolled sheet, the temperature in cutting, and the cut depth is controlled by the adjustment of cut depth, and cutting is performed by making the tension produced on the hot-rolled sheet by the cutting resistance lower than the breaking strength of the joint portion to prevent the breakage of hot-rolled sheet.

Abstract: In the present invention, in cutting the top and bottom surfaces of a hot-rolled sheet by the rotation of milling cutters holding the sheet therebetween in the thickness direction of the sheet in the running process of the hot-rolled sheet, the cutting resistance determined by the cutting conditions including the type of hot-rolled sheet, the temperature in cutting, and the cut depth is controlled by the adjustment of cut depth, and cutting is performed by making the tension produced on the hot-rolled sheet by the cutting resistance lower than the breaking strength of the joint portion to prevent the breakage of hot-rolled sheet.

Abstract: A high-speed, high-sensitivity photo-receiving device has a light-absorbing substrate, on which a pair of electrodes are provided. An insulative optical guide is located over an exposed surface portion of the substrate constituting an optical window. The optical guide is permeable to incident light, and the width of the optical guide does not exceed the wavelength of the incident light.

Abstract: When the vehicle stops, a target blowout temperature, a temperature after evaporator, and a predetermined temperature which has been preset are compared with each other. Accordingly, when it is judged that cooling capacity is maintained, a "start engine" demand is not outputted. When it is judged that cooling capacity is not obtained, a "start engine" demand is outputted. After a "start engine" demand has been outputted, even when cooling capacity is maintained, an engine is not stopped. As a result, fuel wastage and annoyance causing to passengers by the engine that keeps on starting up when the vehicle stops can be prevented.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a photo-device includes the steps of forming an optically nontransparent, electrically conductive layer on the surface of a photoelectric conversion substrate, and transferring a portion of the optically nontransparent, electrically conductive layer using a scanning probe process apparatus to form, over an optical window, a light-permeable protective insulation structure of a region of the optical window on the substrate surface beneath the light-permeable protective insulation structure.

Abstract: An apparatus of measuring an electric signal comprises a laser device, optical elements, an electrooptic crystal, a photoelectric converter, and an electric circuit. The electrooptic crystal is selected from the materials in the type of having properties of changing its refractive index in the direction of its optic major axes and the direction of these axes by a function of an applied electric field. In the apparatus, the electrooptic crystal is placed in the electric field applied by an electric circuit under measurement. A laser beam emitted from the laser device is incident on the electrooptic crystal. A reflected light passed through the crystal is resolved into rays in two polarized direction. Each ray is subjected to a photoelectric conversion by passing through the photoelectric converter and exerted as an electric output. A differential signal of the electric output is defined as a measurement signal.

Abstract: A high-speed, high-sensitivity photo-receiving device has a light-absorbing substrate, on which a pair of electrodes are provided. An insulative optical guide is located over an exposed surface portion of the substrate constituting an optical window. The optical guide is permeable to incident light, and the width of the optical guide does not exceed the wavelength of the incident light.

Abstract: A method of reading out signals for a solid-state imaging device is disclosed. In this method, the timing of a final gate transfer clock signal .phi..sub.H1 ' and the timing of a reset pulse signal .phi..sub.R are both synchronized with two clock cycles of a horizontal CCD clock signals .phi..sub.H1 and .phi..sub.H2, to combine signal charges from two horizontally adjacent pixel pairs. Accordingly, the sensitivity under a low light intensity can be enhanced in a simple and inexpensive way without modifying the structure of the solid-state imaging device or adding an external device.

Abstract: A serial printer comprises a printing head, a carrier for carrying the printing head, a platen, and a pair of guide members extending in parallel with the platen for supporting the carrier in a movable manner. An openable member is attached openably to the casing of the printer and supporting one of the guide members. Engaging receivers are formed in the carrier for allowing the one guide member to engage therewith and disengage therefrom in a direction substantially perpendicular to the extending direction of the one guide member. Engaging brackets may be mounted on the printing head for coming into and out of engagement with one of the guide members at a right angle with respect to the extending direction of the one guide member. Moving members may be supported movably in the casing of the printer for supporting the one guide member, when moved, to bring the one guide member into and out of an engagement with the engaging brackets.

Abstract: A motor driven shutter has diaphragm blades and shutter blades controlled by a single motor. The shutter comprises a driving member actuated by the motor, a diaphragm member for setting the diaphragm blades to a predetermined position via the driving member by the forward rotation of the motor, a closing member for operating the diaphragm blades to a closed position, and shutter blades urged in an open direction. The driving member sets the diaphragm blades to a predetermined position and further releases the shutter blades upon motor rotation in the reverse direction in a diaphragm setting process. The driving member closes the diaphragm blades by releasing the engagement of the closing member in the succeeding operation of the motor.

Abstract: An intake system includes an intake port having a generally triangularly configured cross section so as to permit intake air to flow at a flow rate higher in an upper half section than in a lower half section, thereby producing vertical turbulence of intake air in a combustion chamber. The intake system further includes another intake port having a generally triangularly configured cross section so as to permit intake air to flow at a flow rate higher on a side of the periphery of the combustion chamber than on a side of the center of the combustion chamber and also at a flow rate higher on an upper side of the combustion chamber than on a lower side of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: An engine induction system includes intake passages connected to inlet ports of an engine, an injector provided in the intake passage for injecting fuel in an intake plenum between the injector and the inlet port, the injector being disposed in such a position that the volume of the intake plenum is greater than the predetermined stroke volume. This ensures improved vaporization and atomization of fuel and mixing of fuel and air, and improves the combustibility and increases the charging efficiency of use of latent heat of vaporization.

Abstract: An intake system having first, second and third intake ports connected to first, second and third air intake passages, respectively and up stream ends of three air intake passages are connected to a common air intake passage. The first air intake passage is set to supply air through the first intake port along an inner peripheral surface of the combustion chamber. The second and third air intake passages are set so that axial center lines thereof may intersect an axial center line of the first air intake passage and an intersecting point of the axial center lines of the third and first air intake passages are up stream of the intersection of the axial center lines of the second and first air intake passages. Thus, swirl of intake air in the combustion chamber from the third intake port is stronger than that generated by the intake air from the second intake port. Then, swirl around an ignition plug arranged almost in the center of the combustion chamber is strengthened.

Abstract: A focal-plane shutter for a camera includes two shutter blades each of which comprises two opaque plates. At least one of the two plates has a slit and is held at two points by two arms such that the plates move like a pantograph. The arms are pivotally mounted by eccentric pins to provide for adjusting the parallelism of the blades.

Abstract: An automatic focusing camera includes a shutter; a range finding circuit for measuring the distances to a plurality of objects and for providing time base electrical signals corresponding thereto, the circuit including n parallel luminous elements which transmit light to the objects; a range and element position data arithmetic circuit for producing range data to the objects and element position data of active ones of the n elements, in response to the time base electrical signals; an object speed arithmetic circuit for producing time base speed signals corresponding to the object speeds, in response to the range data and the element position data; a shutter control circuit for controlling operation of the shutter in accordance with the object speeds at such time; object speed processors for supplying output signals corresponding to optimum exposure times and stop values of respective objects in response to the time base speed signals and luminances of the objects; and object speed rank order decision circuit

Abstract: A focal-plane shutter for a camera includes two shutter blades each of which comprises two opaque plates. At least one of the two plates has a slit and is held at two points by two arms such that the plates move like a pantograph. The arms are pivotally mounted by eccentric pins to provide for adjusting the parallelism of the blades.

Abstract: In a camera system for use in a camera of the type having a lens, a lens shutter, and automatic focusing utilizing the light transmitted through the lens, a light-blocking device is provided ahead of the image plane to be photographed and moveable between blocking and non-blocking positions, and a control device is operable upon manual actuation of the camera to open the shutter and provide for automatic focus adjustment utilizing the light transmitted through the lens, the control device further being operable to move the light-blocking device to its blocking position when the shutter is opened to provide for automatic focus adjustment and to subsequently move the light-blocking device to its non-blocking position to provide for exposure operation of the shutter to expose the film in the camera.