Abstract: A camera having a lens shutter and a focal-plane shutter, includes a selector circuit for selecting either a lens shutter mode or a focal-plane shutter mode; a first driving device for controlling either the programmed exposure value of the lens shutter or the size of the aperture, the first driving device including a motor and an actuating member driven by the motor, the actuating member including a peripheral surface with a first cam for controlling the programmed exposure value of the lens shutter in response to forward rotation of the motor, and a second cam for controlling the size of the aperture in response to reverse rotation of the motor, the first cam having an inclination in a first direction and the second cam having a less steep inclination in an opposite direction; a pivotally mounted opening lever connecting the lens shutter to the actuating member, the lever defining a first arm and a second arm, the first arm in engagement with the actuating member and the second arm connected with the lens s

Abstract: A program shutter has a plurality of shutter sectors driven in opening and closing directions by a reversible stepping motor to define a lens aperture during an exposure operation. An arithmetic circuit calculates an exposure amount corresponding to the brightness of the object being photographed, and a counting circuit outputs a pulse count corresponding to the number of steps through which the stepping motor should be rotated based on the calculated exposure amount. A pulse circuit produces driving pulses equal in number to the number of steps determined by the counting circuit, and a time circuit determines the ON/OFF periods of the driving pulses based on the calculated exposure amount. The driving pulses are applied to the stepping motor through a driving circuit to accordingly drive the shutter sectors in the opening and closing directions during the exposure operation.

Abstract: A method for controlling the thickness of a thin crystal film which is grown in a vacuum atmosphere, comprising the steps of: generating an electron beam in the vacuum atmosphere; directing the electron beam thus generated to a crystal being grown to obtain a diffraction pattern of the crystal; detecting the variations in time of the intensity of the diffraction pattern thus obtained; obtaining the number of oscillations from the variations thus detected; and interrupting the growth of the crystal in synchronism with the oscillations of the intensity when the number reaches a predetermined number. The composition ratio of a mixed crystal can be also determined by the ratio among the frequency of oscillations of each crystal which constitutes the mixed crystal. The oscillations of the intensity of the RHEED pattern can be observed more than 400 times so that the thickness of the grown thin crystal film can be measured with the accuracy higher than 1000 .ANG. in terms of the mono-layer.

Abstract: A focal-plane shutter base for use in a camera includes a base plate having a shutter opening. Two sets of blades, each of which consists of a plurality of sheets for blocking light, are mounted on the base plate at one side of the shutter opening. The blades are covered by a cover plate connected to the base plate. Driving members for driving the blades are supported on shafts connected to the base plate. The base plate has a shield portion extending along the outer periphery thereof for preventing unwanted light from entering from the sides of the base plate, and a frame portion surrounding the shutter opening for blocking unwanted light from reaching the shutter opening and for structurally reinforcing the base plate. The base plate, shafts, shield portion and frame portion are all integrally molded from plastic.

Abstract: The present invention provides expellants of phytopothogenic microbes comprising rifamycins, which have excellent in prevention of disease in plants with little adverse influence to human body and environments.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises a superlattice semiconductor portion having a plurality of pairs of superlattice semiconductor thin films for forming step differences of band edge energy. The pairs of the thin films are laminated such that parameters which determine the structure of the thin films are monotonically changed in the direction of the lamination of the thin films. Electrodes are disposed to apply an electric field across both ends of the superlattice semiconductor portion. The semiconductor device has a good negative resistance characteristic and a large design freedom of semiconductor device.

Abstract: A camera equipped with an electronic shutter having an automatic focus detecting device capable of automatic focusing of the photographing lens through detection of the distance between the object being photographed and the camera comprises an electronic module for the automatic focus detection system, an electronic module for the automatic exposure control system, an electromagnet connected to both of the electronic modules, and an obstructing means capable of constraining the electromagnet at a first position during the course of displacement of the electromagnet from a first position to a second position.

Abstract: A focal point adjusting and change-over mechanism for an automatic focusing camera, including a mechanism for restricting a position of the camera photographic lens in response to a distance sensing signal, and a change-over mechanism manually operable to at least two positions including an automatic position and a manual position. The restricting mechanism is operative to provide automatic focusing of the lens when the change-over mechanism is set at a position for automatic operation, and the change-over mechanism renders the distance sensing signal or the restricting mechanism inoperative when set at the position for manual operation, and thereby manual focusing is carried out in accordance with the manually set position of the change-over mechanism in the manual position.

Abstract: A self-timer for the automatic focusing camera capable of automatically determining the focus position of the taking lens provides with a range limiting means prior to automatic range detection in at least a part of the photographing range.The range limiting means is operated interlocking with the setting of said self-timer to limit the adjustment of the taking lens within a limited range.

Abstract: An automatic focusing camera automatically determines the focus position of the taking lens by detecting the distance between the camera and an object and equipped with a self-timer setting system and a focusing system selector system which selects between automatic focusing and manual focusing.A shutter locking member which normally locks the shutter interlocking with a setting operation of said self-timer setting system is released as said focusing system reflector system is set to manual focusing.

Abstract: An automatic focusing camera comprises an automatic focus detecting electronic circuit for detecting the distance between the camera and an object, an electromagnet controlled by said circuit, a release member actuated interlocking with shutter release operation and adapted to actuate the shutter at the end of the operation, an armature lever controlled by said electromagnet to operate between a resting position and a taking lens focusing position interlocking with said release operation, a locking means which locks the shutter actuating operation of said release member with said armature lever at said resting position and allows the actuation of the shutter at the taking lens focusing position, and a selecting means for selecting between automatic focusing mode and manual focusing mode adapted to retract said locking means to a position where said locking means will not lock said release member when said manual focusing mode is selected.

Abstract: In a focal plane shutter for a single lens reflex camera having, on the side of the shutter aperture, two blade groups each consisting of a plurality of separate blades adapted to operate sequentially in exposure operation, a shutter blade device includes said two blade groups having at least some of blades formed of thin synthetic resin plates. A shielding member is provided between a reflex mirror and said blade groups and adapted to retract from an aperture shielding position during the exposure operation of said two blade groups and return to an aperture shielding position before and after the exposure operation.

Abstract: An automatic lens focusing mechanism including a displaceable operating member, a focusing mechanism cooperative with the operating member for changing the focus of a lens as the operating member is displaced, and a mechanism comprising a control member displaced by the operating member as the operating member is displaced. An electromagnet is effective to hold an armature when it is energized. When the electromagnet is not energized the armature is mounted for sliding across a face of the electromagnet adjacent and parallel to the electromagnet face. A focus detecting mechanism energizes the electromagnet when the control member is at a position corresponding to a focused condition of the lens for holding the armature and the control member at a position corresponding to the focused condition to thereby hold the lens at the focused condition.

Abstract: A camera shutter mechanism comprises a shutter actuating lever movable between a cocked position and a rest position to actuate a part of the camera shutter mechanism, and a cocking lever having an abutting portion for abutting the actuating lever to move the latter from the rest position thereof into the cocked position thereof. The cocking lever and the actuating lever together include a locking mechanism which releasably locks the actuating lever in the rest position. The locking mechanism and the abutting portion are arranged so that when the actuating lever approaches its rest position, it engages the abutting portion so as to rotate the cocking lever into a position in which the locking mechanism locks the actuating lever.

Abstract: An automatic focusing apparatus for use in a camera has an operating member which moves from a rest position to a depressed position. An actuating member is rotatably mounted on the operating member and a detecting member is mounted for movement from a first position to a second position and is biased normally into the first position. The actuating member enables the detecting member to move from the first to the second position in response to the movement of the operating member from the rest position to the depressed position and disengages from the detecting member when the operating member is in the depressed position to enable the detecting member to move from the second position to the first position under the action of its bias. A device produces an electric signal corresponding to the position of the detecting member and a focus scanning member is movable over its entire focus scanning range in response to the movement of the detecting member between its first and second positions.

Abstract: In a shutter control device provided with shutter blades pivoted on a 1st base-plate with film exposure opening, a control mechanism provided on the side of the opening of said 1st base-plate, a 2nd base-plate having a supporting flat surface disposed with said control mechanism thereon, and an auxiliary base-plate covering said control mechanism disposed on said 2nd base-plate. At least one of the 1st and 2nd base plates is comprised of synthetic resin.

Abstract: A camera shutter has a control member movable when the shutter is released for successively actuating an opening member and a closing member to effect the taking of an exposure. A delay mechanism coacts with the control member to effect the selective setting of a range of exposure times including a minimum exposure time by which the control member actuates the opening and closing members without interaction of the delay mechanism, a next to the minimum exposure time by which the control member engages with the delay mechanism prior to actuating the opening and closing members, and one or more longer exposure times by which the control member actuates the opening member and then engages with the delay mechanism prior to actuating the closing member.

Abstract: A camera shutter has a set of opening blades and a set of closing blades sequentially driven from cocked positions to released positions to effect an exposure. During cocking of the shutter, the opening and closing blades are driven to their cocked positions by opening and closing mechanisms which include springs for permitting continued movement of the opening and closing mechanisms in the cocking direction after the opening and closing blades are driven to their cocked positions. Upon completion of the movement of the opening and closing blades to their cocked positions, the springs undergo further compression thereby permitting continued cocking movement of the opening and closing mechanisms independent of the opening and closing blades.

Abstract: A control device for the shutter of a camera comprises an opening member for opening a shutter aperture to initiate taking of an exposure, a closing member for closing the aperture to complete the exposure, and opening and closing pawls for respectively retaining the opening and closing members at their charged position. A control member actuated during the shutter release motion releases the engagement of the opening pawl from the opening member, and a governor is provided for delaying the operation of the control member. An interlock lever is actuated by the opening member to release the engagement of the closing pawl from the closing member, and an exposure time setting cam is provided for adjustably setting the motion of the governor so as to shift the interlock lever between its working position and rest position.

Abstract: An exposure time setting device is provided for effecting the exposure time for the shutter in response to the dial position of an exposure time setting dial disposed on an upper surface of a camera and movable in an operating plane. The device is provided with a control mechanism movable in a given plane perpendicular to the operating plane for opening and closing the shutter, a governor mechanism movable in the given plane for delaying operation of the control mechanism and an exposure time setting cam movable, in response to movement of the dial, within a plane parallel to the operating plane and perpendicular to the given plane.