Abstract: A fuel reformer burner for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system includes a first tube through which a fuel for a fuel reformer is supplied and a second tube through which anode-off gas (AOG) is supplied from a fuel cell stack. The second tube is not connected to the first tube, and an inlet line through which an air is supplied is connected to the first tube.

Abstract: Disclosed is a connection structure for a circuit board using a solder bump to arrange circuit boards. The circuit board connection structure includes a solder bump prepared on one of two circuit boards and a perforated part formed at the other of the circuit boards to receive the solder bump. Facing both circuit boards towards each other and inserting the solder bump into the perforated part, the circuit boards are desirably arranged.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a printed circuit board and a connecting method thereof. The connecting method of the circuit board assembly may include molding the printed circuit board assembly by applying a resin to the printed circuit board assembly, exposing ends of the electrode terminals of a connector mounted on a printed circuit board by partially removing the molded printed circuit board assembly, and connecting a connection member to the exposed ends of the electrode terminals of the connector. Therefore, even if the whole of the printed circuit board assembly is molded, the connection member may be freely connected to the connector of the printed circuit board assembly.

Abstract: A shift reactor for fuel cells, a fuel cell system employing the same, and an operating method of the same are provided. More particularly, a shift reactor for fuel cells is filled with a shift catalyst and includes an inlet through which reactants flow into the shift reactor and an outlet through which products flow out of the shift reactor. An oxygen supply duct and a valve capable of regulating the oxygen supply are positioned at the outlet side of the shift reactor. The oxygen supply allows for the temperature of the shift catalyst to be increased rapidly at startup, thereby significantly shortening the startup time of the shift reactor and thereby contributing to an improved practical operation of the fuel cell system.

Abstract: An IC package including a plurality of BGA IC packages stacked on a printed circuit board and a method of manufacturing the same. The IC package includes a printed circuit board, a first BGA IC package, having a plurality of first solder balls, stacked on the printed circuit board, a second BGA IC package, having a plurality of second solder balls, stacked on the first BGA IC package, and an interposer having a plurality of through-holes, which are filled by the second solder balls in a molten state such that the length of the second solder balls increases while the second solder balls harden, the interposer being joined to the top of the first BGA IC package.

Abstract: A hydrogen generator having double burners and a method of operating the samewhere the hydrogen generator includes a housing, a barrier wall to divide a space in the housing into a first chamber and a second chamber, a fuel reformer installed in the first chamber, a first burner installed in the first chamber to heat a fuel reformer, a shift reactor installed in the second chamber, a second burner mounted in the barrier wall to heat the shift reactor, and a first igniter and a second igniter respectively ignite the first burner and the second burner.

Abstract: A battery and a battery pack including the battery. The battery includes: a frame; an electrode assembly disposed around the frame; a main body to house the electrode assembly; and electrode terminals extending from the electrode assembly in a first direction, through the main body. A cooling hole extends through opposing sides of the main body, in a second direction that is generally perpendicular to the first direction.

Abstract: A rotatable battery pack having a first electrode plate and a second electrode plate disposed in parallel to each other and allowing a plurality of battery cells to be disposed between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate; a casing enclosing the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate and having both ends opened so as to allow cooling air to flow in order to cool the plurality of battery cells; a first terminal protruding from a center of the first electrode plate to an outside of the casing; a second terminal protruding from a center of the second electrode plate to the outside of the casing in a direction opposite that of the first electrode; and a driving motor driving the first electrode plate to rotate the plurality of battery cells, wherein the first terminal and the second terminal are formed on a rotation axis of the first electrode plate.

Abstract: A battery pack including battery cells, a housing to house the battery cells, and a cooling device that cools air flowing through the housing. The cooling device may be installed on an intermediate portion of the housing. The cooling device may include a cooling pipe, in which water flows.

Abstract: Provided are phase change random access memory (PRAM) devices and methods of operating the same. The PRAM device may include a switching device, a lower electrode, a lower electrode contact layer, a phase change layer and/or an upper electrode. The lower electrode may be connected to a switching device. The lower electrode contact layer may be formed on the lower electrode. The phase change layer, which may include a bottom surface that contacts an upper surface of the lower electrode contact layer, may be formed on the lower electrode contact layer. The upper electrode may be formed on the phase change layer. The lower electrode contact layer may be formed of a material layer having an absolute value of a Seebeck coefficient higher than TiAlN. The Seebeck coefficient of the lower electrode contact layer may be negative. The material layer may have lower heat conductivity and/or approximately equivalent electrical resistance as TiAlN.

Abstract: A varifocal optical device is provided. The varifocal optical device includes an optical lens, an actuator unit connected with the optical lens and having two areas that are bending-deformed in opposite directions to each other when a voltage is applied thereto, and a supporting unit to support the actuator unit, so that a focus of the optical lens is varied by the bending deformation when the voltage is applied to the actuator unit. Thereby, a driving displacement of the varifocal optical lens can be maximized.

Abstract: A substrate surface processing apparatus is provided. In the substrate surface processing apparatus, a spin chuck holds a substrate thereon by suction, spins the substrate, and moves up and down the substrate. An upper bowl and a lower bowl surround the spin chuck for receiving a processing solution by which the surface of the substrate is processed. An air outlet is positioned under the lower bowl for exhausting air from the upper and lower bowls. A flow separation protrusion is formed within the upper bowl. It separates an air flow around the substrate into an upward air flow and a downward air flow and exhausts the downward air flow through the air outlet.

Abstract: A varifocal optical device is provided. The varifocal optical device includes an optical lens, an actuator unit connected with the optical lens and having two areas that are bending-deformed in opposite directions to each other when a voltage is applied thereto, and a supporting unit to support the actuator unit, so that a focus of the optical lens is varied by the bending deformation when the voltage is applied to the actuator unit. Thereby, a driving displacement of the varifocal optical lens can be maximized.

Abstract: A storage node, a phase change memory device, and methods of operating and fabricating the same are provided. The storage node may include a lower electrode, a phase change layer on the lower electrode and an upper electrode on the phase change layer, and the lower electrode and the upper electrode may be composed of thermoelectric materials having a melting point higher than that of the phase change layer, and having different conductivity types. An upper surface of the lower electrode may have a recessed shape, and a lower electrode contact layer may be provided between the lower electrode and the phase change layer. A thickness of the phase change layer may be about 100 nm or less, and the lower electrode may be composed of an n-type thermoelectric material, and the upper electrode may be composed of a p-type thermoelectric material, or they may be composed on the contrary to the above.

Abstract: An electronic appliance to achieve an increased rigidity thereof with a simplified manner without any change in design and configuration and a method for manufacturing the same. The electronic appliance includes a case defining the outer appearance of the electronic appliance, and a printed circuit board disposed in the case and having electronic elements mounted thereon. A resin is filled between the case and the printed circuit board.

Abstract: A test unit usable with a board having, an electronic component includes at least one testing point provided in each electronic component to test electric properties and a connection state of the plurality of electronic components connected to the board. The test unit usable with a PCB having the electronic component includes a testing point formed on the electronic component, thereby an enhancing high integration of the board.

Abstract: A fuel reformer burner for a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system includes a first tube through which a fuel for a fuel reformer is supplied and a second tube through which anode-off gas (AOG) is supplied from a fuel cell stack. The second tube is not connected to the first tube, and an inlet line through which an air is supplied is connected to the first tube.

Abstract: Provided is a heat treatment apparatus. The heat treatment apparatus includes a heating plate including a heater; a chamber case including a cooling chamber, and coupled to a lower portion of the heating plate; and at least one atomizing unit installed on the chamber case to generate liquid droplet aerosol by mixing a cooling liquid and a gas, and at the same time, to inject the liquid droplet aerosol into the cooling chamber.

Abstract: A storage node, a phase change memory device, and methods of operating and fabricating the same are provided. The storage node may include a lower electrode, a phase change layer on the lower electrode and an upper electrode on the phase change layer, and the lower electrode and the upper electrode may be composed of thermoelectric materials having a melting point higher than that of the phase change layer, and having different conductivity types. An upper surface of the lower electrode may have a recessed shape, and a lower electrode contact layer may be provided between the lower electrode and the phase change layer. A thickness of the phase change layer may be about 100 nm or less, and the lower electrode may be composed of an n-type thermoelectric material, and the upper electrode may be composed of a p-type thermoelectric material, or they may be composed on the contrary to the above.

Abstract: Provided is a heat treatment apparatus. The heat treatment apparatus includes a heating plate including a heater; a chamber case including a cooling chamber, and coupled to a lower portion of the heating plate; and at least one atomizing unit installed on the chamber case to generate liquid droplet aerosol by mixing a cooling liquid and a gas, and at the same time, to inject the liquid droplet aerosol into the cooling chamber.