Abstract: The display device includes a spatial modulator having a plurality of pixels and a periodical structural body having condenser elements corresponding to the pixels of the spatial modulator. Each of the pixels of the spatial modulator includes a plurality of color dots arranged in a first direction. A length of a peripheral region of the respective pixel encircling the plurality of color dots, measured in the first direction, is longer than a length of the condenser element of the periodical structural body, measured in the first direction. In addition, combinations of the pixels in the square, delta or mosaic arrangement with the condenser elements in the square, delta or mosaic arrangement are disclosed.

Abstract: A lens array 22C has convex lenses 221 and 221C arranged in alternate and staggering manner to one another. In combination with a condenser lens 23, the convex lenses 221 form images of respective convex lenses 211 of a lens array 21 on a plane 24 to be illuminated in overlapping so that an illuminance distribution on the plane 24 is almost uniform, while the convex lenses 221C whose focal length is longer than that of the convex lenses 211 make on the plane 24 an illuminance distribution of a mountain-shape. Flat plate portions and concave lenses may be employed instead of the convex lenses 221C. A polarization conversion element comprises two elements and an element disposed therebetween with its longitudinal direction being perpendicular to the two element. The images of a light emitting part are included in band-shaped useful incident areas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a light source device including discharge tubes that emit light by discharging in a thin atmosphere, a method of producing the light source device, and a display apparatus in which the light source device is employed. This light source device includes discharge tubes and a heat conductive member that is brought into contact with the neighboring area of the electrodes of the discharge tubes so as to locally cool down the neighboring area of the electrodes. In the light source device, a low heat conductivity member having lower heat conductivity than the heat conductive member is interposed between the heat conductive member and the discharge tubes. With such a structure, the luminance in the entire light source device can be increased and made uniform, and the reliability of the light source device can be increased accordingly.

Abstract: A projector includes a first housing, a second housing, and a sound insulating member. The first housing is provided with first heat-generating elements used for generating an image, first fans producing cooling airflows towards each one of the first heat-generating elements, and vents via which the cooling airflows heated by the first heat-generating elements are discharged. The second housing encloses the first housing, and has second fans discharging the cooling airflows outside the projector. The sound insulating member is provided on a path between the vents and the second fans so as to insulate sound produced by the first fans. The projector may be provided with a dust-proof member for the projecting lens.

Abstract: A homeotropic alignment type liquid crystal display device is provided with first and second substrates confronting each other, first and second bus lines arranged in mutually perpendicular directions on the second substrate, liquid crystals provided between the first and second substrates, and first, second and third projecting structures restricting alignment of the liquid crystals. The first projecting structures have a sloping surface which is inclined with respect to the first substrate and are provided on the first substrate in parallel with the first bus lines. The second projecting structures have a sloping surface which is inclined with respect to the second substrate and are provided on the second substrate in parallel with the first bus lines.

Abstract: The projection type display apparatus has liquid crystal panels with polarizers, a light source, a power supply, and a ballast. A cooling device is arranged in the apparatus such that a first set of cooling fans blow cooling air to cool the liquid crystal panels and the polarizers, and a second set of cooling fans suck the cooling air passing through the liquid crystal panels and the polarizers and blow the cooling air to independently cool the light source, the power supply, and the ballast. Therefore, a projection type display apparatus with little light leakage and low noise can be realized. The invention also provides a cooling unit, for the light source, which includes a movable lamp house and a duct with a cooling fan.

Abstract: A liquid-crystal display includes a reflective liquid-crystal panel, a light guiding plate disposed on the reflective liquid-crystal panel, a polarizer arranged between a liquid-crystal layer of the reflective liquid-crystal panel and the light guiding plate, and a light source disposed on a side surface of the light guiding plate. Light emitted from the light source propagates through the light guiding plate and has a primary direction. A smaller one of two angles between a projection of the primary direction onto the reflective liquid-crystal panel and an absorption axis of the light guiding plate is at least 50°. This resultantly improves performance of the liquid-crystal display.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, wherein light having an exposure energy is irradiated on the surface of a photo-sensitive resin layer having a predetermined film thickness, and a distribution of thermal deformation characteristics in the thickness direction (or the plane direction) of the photo-sensitive resin layer is formed, then heat treatment is performed to form random undulation (micro-grooves or micro-wrinkles) on the surface of the photo-sensitive resin layer.

Abstract: A display device includes a backlight having a discharge tube and a reflector. A heat conduction member is attached to the reflector in contact with the discharge tube, so that a part of the discharge tube is locally cooled by the heat conduction member. Liquid mercury is collected at a first position in the discharge tube, and the backlight is assembled so that the heat conduction member or other cooling device is located at the first position. Also, the display device includes an optical sheet having a diffusion portion having projections containing scattering material particles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a projection type display using a transmission type liquid crystal light valve, and its object is to supply a projection type display capable of exhibiting a high quality gradation display by preventing a leak current at a switching device. The projection type display comprises three liquid crystal light valves 21R, 21G, and 21B which have polarizing plates 20Rp, 20Gp, and 20Bp, modulate in intensity and emit each light of color components of red, green, and blue, and a dichroic prism to synthesize exiting lights from respective light valves. The projection type display is structured to arrange half-wave plates 20Ri, and 20Gi between the liquid crystal light valves 21R, and 21G for red and green, to set a polarizing direction of an exiting light of a blue component orthogonal to polarizing directions of the other two exiting lights.

Abstract: A circuit substrate which has a ceramic substrate and an Al circuit comprising Al or an Al alloy bonded to said ceramic substrate via a layer comprising Al and Cu.

Abstract: The display device includes a spatial modulator having a plurality of pixels and a periodical structural body having condenser elements corresponding to the pixels of the spatial modulator. Each of the pixels of the spatial modulator includes a plurality of color dots arranged in a first direction. A length of a peripheral region of the respective pixel encircling the plurality of color dots, measured in the first direction, is longer than a length of the condenser element of the periodical structural body, measured in the first direction. In addition, combinations of the pixels in the square, delta or mosaic arrangement with the condenser elements in the square, delta or mosaic arrangement are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a backlight unit for liquid crystal displays, etc.; and its object is to provide a backlight unit not involving the problem that the emitted light leaks out of the optical waveguide, even when the space around the cold-cathode tubes in the light source unit for it is filled with a liquid of which the refractive index is nearly the same as that of the glass material that forms the outer wall of the cold-cathode tubes. The backlight unit comprises a housing 6 which houses cold-cathode tubes 2, 4 therein and of which the inner surface is coated with a light reflector 10; a transparent liquid filled in the housing 6; and an optical waveguide 1 made of a transparent substance and having a light-emitting surface S.

Abstract: In order to reduce power consumption in a dynamic random access memory (DRAM), block selection information RBDATA indicating whether or not individual blocks in a memory cell array require a refresh is stored at means for latching 20-1 and 20-2. A circuit for operation prohibition 30 compares a portion RA8 of a refresh address output by a refresh counter 6 with refresh block specification signals RB (0) and RB (1) output by the circuit for latching 20-1 and 20-2, makes a decision as to whether or not the block indicated by the refresh address needs to be refreshed and prohibits an operation of an RAS system circuit 11 if it is decided that the block does not need to be refreshed. Thus, a self refresh is not performed for a block that does not need to be refreshed to achieve a reduction in power consumption.

Abstract: A circuit substrate which has a ceramic substrate and an Al circuit comprising Al or an Al alloy bonded to said ceramic substrate via a layer comprising Al and Cu.

Abstract: In order to reduce power consumption in a dynamic random access memory (DRAM), block selection information RBDATA indicating whether or not individual blocks in a memory cell array require a refresh is stored at means for latching 20-1 and 20-2. A means for operation prohibition 30 compares a portion RA8 of a refresh address output by a refresh counter 6 with refresh block specification signals RB (0) and RB (1) output by the means for latching 20-1 and 20-2, makes a decision as to whether or not the block indicated by the refresh address needs to be refreshed and prohibits an operation of an RAS system circuit 11 if it is decided that the block does not need to be refreshed. Thus, a self refresh is not performed for a block that does not need to be refreshed to achieve a reduction in power consumption.

Abstract: A polarization device includes a reflection-type polarization element disposed at a side to which an optical beam comes in and an absorption-type polarization element disposed behind the reflection-type polarization element, wherein the reflection-type polarization element and the absorption-type polarization element are disposed such that a transmission axis of the reflection-type polarization element coincides with the transmission axis of the absorption-type polarization element. Further, an optical projector using such a polarization device is disclosed.

Abstract: A polarization device includes a reflection-type polarization element disposed at a side to which an optical beam comes in and an absorption-type polarization element disposed behind the reflection-type polarization element, wherein the reflection-type polarization element and the absorption-type polarization element are disposed such that a transmission axis of the reflection-type polarization element coincides with the transmission axis of the absorption-type polarization element. Further, an optical projector using such a polarization device is disclosed.

Abstract: According to a first aspect of the invention, a memory device has a main memory array and a sub memory array. In a single burst, data are read from a series of columns in the main memory array, transferred from one column in the main memory array to one column in the sub memory array, read from a series of columns in the sub memory array, and written into the above-mentioned one column in the main memory array. According to a second aspect of the invention, a memory device has a memory array and separate external data input terminals and output terminals. In a single burst, data are read from a series of columns in the memory array, and written to one of the columns, preferably the last column in the series. Input of the written data is preferably simultaneous with the output of the data read from the column to which the input data are written.

Abstract: A display device including a diffraction grating from which a diffracted light of the zeroth order and a diffracted light of the first order having different color light components emerge to establish color separation. An array of micro-lenses is arranged on a liquid crystal panel. The liquid crystal panel has a plurality of picture elements and each picture element includes a plurality of color display dots. The color display dots in each picture element are arranged in the vertical relationship and in the order of wavelength of the light. A green light component of diffracted light of the first order is made incident normal to the liquid crystal panel, and the diffracted light of the zeroth order passes through the liquid crystal panel at a greater angle relative to the normal to the liquid crystal panel.