Abstract: A semiconductor device includes, an AlGaN electron supply layer having a [000-1] crystalline orientation in a thickness direction to a substrate plane, a GaN electron traveling layer formed on the AlGaN electron supply layer, a gate electrode formed above the GaN electron traveling layer, and a source electrode and a drain electrode between which the gate electrode is located, the source and drain electrode being formed on the GaN electron traveling layer.

Abstract: A scanning charged particle microscope which facilitates adjustment, has a deep focal depth, and is provided with an aberration correction means. The state of aberration correction is judged from a SEM image by using a stop having plural openings and the judgment result is fed back to the adjustment of the aberration correction means. A stop of a nearly orbicular zone shape is used in combination with the aberration correction means.

Abstract: The present invention provides an aberration corrector giving excellent assembly accuracy but having fewer parts and fewer adjustment locations in number. In order to achieve it, a multistage multipole is formed by arranging plural combinations of electrodes around an optical axis using alignment blocks, each combination of electrodes being made by brazing-integrating plural electrodes with a ceramic material interposed therebetween.

Abstract: In a charged-particle beam apparatus having a high-accuracy and high-resolution focusing optical system for charged-particle beam, a group of coils are arranged along a beam emission axis to extend through the contour of radial planes each radiating from the beam emission axis representing a rotary axis and each having a circular arc which subtends a divisional angle resulting from division of a circumferential plane by a natural number larger than 2 so that a superposed magnetic field may be generated on the incident axis of the charged-particle beam and the trajectory of the charged-particle beam may be controlled by the superposed magnetic field.

Abstract: An electron beam apparatus with an aberration corrector using multipole lenses is provided. The electron beam apparatus has a scan mode for enabling the operation of the aberration corrector and a scan mode for disabling the operation of the aberration corrector and the operation of each of the aberration corrector, a condenser lens, and the like is controlled such that the object point of an objective lens does not change in either of the scan modes. If a comparison is made between the secondary electron images of a specimen in the two modes, the image scaling factor and the focus remain unchanged and evaluation and adjustment can be performed by distinctly recognizing only the effect of the aberration corrector. This reduces the time required to adjust an optical axis which has been long due to an axial alignment defect inherent in the aberration corrector and an axial alignment defect in a part other than the aberration corrector which are indistinguishably intermingled with each other.

Abstract: A charged particle beam apparatus includes: a correction image acquisition part 52 for making a detector 20 acquire items of two-dimensional image data at different focal positions; a directional differentiation operation part 53 for obtaining directional derivative values in a plurality of directions for each of the items of two-dimensional image data at different focal positions; an aberration parameter calculation part 54 for obtaining aberration parameters according to previously determined methods by using the directional derivative values in a plurality of directions for each of the items of two-dimensional image data; an aberration correction value calculation part 55 for obtaining correction values for aberrations by using the aberration parameters; and a control part 56 for setting the correction values in a correction optical system control means to make an aberration corrector 16 correct the aberrations.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a multi-cylinder engine comprising a throttle body (5) in which a throttle intake-air passage (6) is provided. A throttle valve (7) is arranged in this throttle intake-air passage (6). Attached to the throttle body (5) is an injector (8), a leading end portion (9) of which is arranged opposite to an interior area of the throttle intake-air passage (6) downstream of the throttle valve (7) and is opened to provided a liquid-fuel injection hole (10). An intake-air pressure sensor (15) is attached to the throttle body (5) together with the injector (8) and an intake-air pressure introduction passage (18) has an inlet (18a) provided by opening an inner peripheral surface of the throttle intake-air passage (6) upstream of the injector (8).

Abstract: A packet processing unit and a session managing unit, which are conventionally arranged in a server, are arranged in a network connecting device, and the network connecting device performs a packet relay process based on session management. As a result, the load on a server is reduced, and a process by the server is performed faster.

Abstract: The invention provides a transportation device having a shock absorbing device with a reduced non-collapse region. Shock absorbers 14 and 17 constituting a shock absorbing device 10A provided on a transportation device is connected respectively to shock absorbers 17 and 20 disposed rearward therefrom via connecting members 23 and 26 having ashtray-like cross-sectional shapes. The shock absorber 20 disposed at the rearmost position is connected via welding to a base 29. Collapse regions 15, 18 and 21 of the shock absorbers 14, 17 and 20 are collapsed by the load applied to the shock absorbers 14, 17 and 20, and their lengths are shortened. Non-collapse regions 16 and 19 of the shock absorbers 14 and 17 overlap respectively with the non-collapse regions 19 and 22 of the shock absorbers 17 and 20 disposed rearward therefrom.

Abstract: The invention provides a shock absorbing structure capable of turning the function of the shock absorber on and off according to the level of shock during collision, thereby reducing the frequency of replacing shock absorbers. On a rear surface of a load operating unit 11 constituting a shock absorbing device 10A are attached a load transmitting shaft 12 and a shock absorber 13. The load transmitting shaft 12 is passed through the center of the shock absorber and is connected to a supporting unit 14 via a pin 15 that extends toward the radial direction. The rear end of the shock absorber 13 faces the supporting unit 14 with a clearance therebetween. The pin 15 has notched grooves 21 formed thereto. When small load is applied, the load is transmitted from the load operating unit 11 through the load transmitting shaft 12, the pin 15 and the supporting unit 14 to the main body, so that the load is not applied on the shock absorber 13.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a multi-cylinder engine comprising a throttle body (5) in which a throttle intake-air passage (6) is provided. A throttle valve (7) is arranged in this throttle intake-air passage (6). Attached to the throttle body (5) is an injector (8), a leading end portion (9) of which is arranged opposite to an interior area of the throttle intake-air passage (6) downstream of the throttle valve (7) and is opened to provided a liquid-fuel injection hole (10). An intake-air pressure sensor (15) is attached to the throttle body (5) together with the injector (8) and an intake-air pressure introduction passage (18) has an inlet (18a) provided by opening an inner peripheral surface of the throttle intake-air passage (6) upstream of the injector (8).

Abstract: A car structure is provided which has the required strength against vertical load and vibration while avoiding increase in weight of the structure. At an entrance 6 of the railroad car structure 20 in which a side structure 2 is formed by a hollow member, the side structure 2 and a frame 7 are coupled via an L-shaped fitting 10. The L-shaped fitting 10 consists of a first joint part 10a which is in the form of a plate and couples a vehicle outer face plate 8 and a vehicle inner face plate 9 and a second joint part 10b which is in the form of a plate and butt welds a part of the first joint part 10a near the vehicle outer face plate 8 and the frame 7. Plate thickness of the second joint plate 10b is larger than plate thickness of the vehicle outer face plate 8. As a result, the required strength against vertical load can be ensured without increasing the plate thickness of the vehicle outer face plate 8, in other words, with little increase in weight of the structure.

Abstract: There is provided a vehicle equipped with a shock absorbing structure that can absorb collision energy stably under all collision conditions to ensure the safety of crew members and passengers. The shock absorbing structure is arranged in an end part of the vehicle. The shock absorbing structure comprises an upper-stage shock absorbing structure 100 that is arranged in an upper part of a crushable zone to absorb collision energy by being crushed by a predetermined load, a lower-stage shock absorbing structure 120 that is arranged in a lower part of the crushable zone to absorb the collision energy by being crushed by the predetermined load, and a middle-stage shock absorbing structure 110 that is held between the upper-stage shock absorbing structure 100 and the lower-stage shock absorbing structure 120 arranged over and under the middle-stage shock absorbing structure 110.

Abstract: An electron beam apparatus with an aberration corrector using multipole lenses is provided. The electron beam apparatus has a scan mode for enabling the operation of the aberration corrector and a scan mode for disabling the operation of the aberration corrector and the operation of each of the aberration corrector, a condenser lens, and the like is controlled such that the object point of an objective lens does not change in either of the scan modes. If a comparison is made between the secondary electron images of a specimen in the two modes, the image scaling factor and the focus remain unchanged and evaluation and adjustment can be performed by distinctly recognizing only the effect of the aberration corrector. This reduces the time required to adjust an optical axis which has been long due to an axial alignment defect inherent in the aberration corrector and an axial alignment defect in a part other than the aberration corrector which are indistinguishably intermingled with each other.

Abstract: The present invention provides a stable charged particle beam apparatus to enable high-resolution observation by reducing the influence of the noise of a large number of power supplies used in an aberration corrector. The charged particle beam apparatus that has: an SEM column for irradiating an electron beam onto a specimen and making the electron beam scan it; a specimen chamber for housing a specimen stage on which the specimen is placed and held; a detector for detecting secondary electrons generated by the scanning of the electron beam; display means for displaying an output signal of the detector as an SEM image; and a control unit for controlling component parts including the SEM column, the specimen chamber, and the display means.

Abstract: The invention provides a car body of a railway vehicle capable of absorbing the energy caused when collision occurs to the end of the car body. The present invention comprises a strength member 15 disposed along the circumferential direction of the car body on the end of the car body, a strength member 16 disposed along the circumferential direction at a position rearward from the member 15, rib members 17 disposed along the longitudinal direction of the car body and connecting the two strength members, and an outer panel 18 covering the same. The longitudinal direction of the rib member 17 corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the car body. The rib member 17 is composed of two flanges 17c, 17d and a web 17b connecting the two flanges, and the side having the web 17b is welded to the outer panel 18 via fillet welding. A notch 21 opened to the edge of the flange is formed on the flange at the center of the longitudinal direction of the rib member 17.

Abstract: For a transportation machine such as a railway vehicle, a space for a driver is secured while collision energy is absorbed at a time of collision with a large obstacle, and entry of a flying object into a driving cab is prevented by a rigid structure at a time of collision with the flying object. Windows 40, 40 are provided in a flying object barrier plate 50 provided at a tip end portion of a driving cab 25, and energy absorbing members 100, 100 are penetrated through the windows 40, 40 to be disposed in a form extending outward of the flying object barrier plate 50 from an inside of the driving cab 25. The energy absorbing members 100, 100 of a large absorbing capacity can be efficiently disposed by utilizing a space of the driving cab 25 provided in a vehicle body. A beam member of a crushable zone 11a including the flying object barrier plate 50 is firmly placed and can be connected to a survival zone 10.

Abstract: A scanning electron microscope includes an electron gun to generate an electron beam, and an electron optical system directing the electron beam to a specimen. The electron optical system includes an objective lens that converges the electron beam to a surface of the specimen, an aberration corrector disposed between the electron gun and the objective lens so as to at least compensate for aberration caused by the objective lens, and a tilter which tilts electron beam to be incident into the aberration corrector. The aberration corrector further compensates for aberration caused by the tilter.

Abstract: To obtain a wide passenger compartment space, the thickness of a heat insulating acoustical layer is reduced, and for this purpose, a comfortable in-car environment is obtained by using a vacuum insulating panel which combines high heat insulating performance and sound insulating performance. A heat insulating acoustical layer 20 is formed on one surface of a lightweight alloy structure 10 of double skin construction by using a vacuum insulating panel 21 as a middle member and sandwiching two surfaces of the panel with elastic sound absorbing materials 22, 23 made of a nonwoven fabric or a foamed body, and the heat insulating acoustical layer is covered with an interior material 24. Owing to this construction, the transmission loss of a noise which transmits from the double skin structure side is improved by the mutual actions of the elasticity of the sound absorbing material and the rigidity of the vacuum heat insulating panel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a charged particle beam column that does not cause displacement of an image or degradation of a resolution of images when a charged particle beam is tilted at a large angle. In the charged particle beam column including an aberration corrector, a deflector is used to control the direction of incidence of the charged particle beam on a second condenser lens but the object point of a condenser lens is not shifted. Consequently, the converging charged particle beam is tilted at a large angle with respect to the surface of a specimen without the necessity of shifting the object point of an objective lens lying on the optical axis of the charged particle beam column. At this time, the aberration corrector prevents a shift of an image or degradation of a resolution derived from the tilt of the charged particle beam.