Abstract: An impedance measuring device outputs an alternating current of a prescribed frequency to each of a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal of a laminated type battery and detects an alternating-current potential difference between the positive electrode terminal and an intermediate-point terminal and an alternating-current potential difference between the negative electrode terminal and the intermediate-point terminal. The impedance measuring device adjusts an amplitude of the alternating current such that the alternating-current potential difference between the positive electrode terminal and the intermediate-point terminal and the alternating-current potential difference between the negative electrode terminal and the intermediate-point terminal coincide, and computes an impedance on the basis of the adjusted alternating current and alternating-current potential differences.

Abstract: A wet state control device for fuel cell includes a priority control unit for preferentially controlling either one of a pressure and a flow rate of cathode gas when a wet state of a fuel cell is adjusted, a water temperature control unit for controlling a temperature of cooling water when the wet state of the fuel cell is not completely adjustable by a control of the priority control unit, and a complementary control unit for controlling the other of the pressure and the flow rate of the cathode gas to complement a response delay of the water temperature control unit.

Abstract: A combined chlorine agent having a low concentration of free chlorine and a high concentration of combined chlorine whereby the combined chlorine concentration of water can be increased when added to water systems at a low concentration of free chlorine. The combined chlorine agent is an aqueous agent which contains an alkali metal hydroxide, sulfamic acid, and an oxidizing agent based on chlorine, wherein the compositional ratio of the oxidizing agent based on chlorine to the sulfamic acid is in the range from 0.45 to 0.6 by Cl/N (mole ratio), the compositional ratio of the oxidizing agent based on chlorine to alkali is in the range from 0.3 to 0.4 by Cl/alkali metal (mole ratio), and the free chlorine concentration in the aqueous agent is 2% by weight or lower of the total chlorine concentration.

Abstract: A wet state control device for fuel cell includes a priority control unit for preferentially controlling either one of a pressure and a flow rate of cathode gas when a wet state of a fuel cell is adjusted, a water temperature control unit for controlling a temperature of cooling water when the wet state of the fuel cell is not completely adjustable by a control of the priority control unit, and a complementary control unit for controlling the other of the pressure and the flow rate of the cathode gas to complement a response delay of the water temperature control unit.

Abstract: A system for adjusting temperature of cooling-liquid comprises: a radiator; a cooling-liquid circulation flow-channel; a radiator bypass flow-channel; a thermostat valve; and a valve bypass flow-channel through which the cooling-liquid of the radiator bypass flow-channel is allowed to flow in a predetermined amount even if the thermostat valve is completely closed.

Abstract: A separator of a fuel cell to be laminated while sandwiching a membrane electrode assembly forming a power generation region includes a source connection point tab for inputting and outputting an alternating current for internal resistance measurement, a sense connection point tab for detecting a potential of the alternating current input and output to and from the source connection point tab and separation portion configured to separate the sense connection point tab from a current path of the alternating current for internal resistance measurement from the source connection point tab to the power generation region.

Abstract: A wet state control device for fuel cell includes a priority control unit for preferentially controlling either one of a pressure and a flow rate of cathode gas when a wet state of a fuel cell is adjusted, a water temperature control unit for controlling a temperature of cooling water when the wet state of the fuel cell is not completely adjustable by a control of the priority control unit, and a complementary control unit for controlling the other of the pressure and the flow rate of the cathode gas to complement a response delay of the water temperature control unit.

Abstract: An impedance measuring device includes power supply means configured to output an alternating current to a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a laminated battery and detection means configured to detect at least one of an alternating-current potential difference between the positive electrode and an intermediate point of the laminated battery and an alternating-current potential difference between the negative electrode and the intermediate point of the laminated battery. The impedance measuring device includes computation means configured to compute an impedance of the laminated battery on the basis of the alternating-current potential difference detected by the detection means and the alternating current output from the power supply means, and an element having an impedance of a prescribed value necessary to calculate a measurement error of the impedance.

Abstract: An impedance measuring device outputs an alternating current of a prescribed frequency to each of a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal of a laminated type battery and detects an alternating-current potential difference between the positive electrode terminal and an intermediate-point terminal and an alternating-current potential difference between the negative electrode terminal and the intermediate-point terminal. The impedance measuring device adjusts an amplitude of the alternating current such that the alternating-current potential difference between the positive electrode terminal and the intermediate-point terminal and the alternating-current potential difference between the negative electrode terminal and the intermediate-point terminal coincide, and computes an impedance on the basis of the adjusted alternating current and alternating-current potential differences.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes: a wetness target value calculating unit configured to calculate a target value of a wet state of the fuel cell; a gas required flow rate calculating unit configured to calculate a cathode gas required flow rate on the basis of a power generation request to the fuel cell; a wetness-control anode gas flow rate calculating unit configured to calculate a wetness-control anode gas circulation flow rate at least on the basis of the wetness target value and the cathode gas required flow rate during a dry control; an anode gas flow rate control unit configured to control an anode gas circulation flow rate on the basis of the wetness-control anode gas circulation flow rate; a wetness-control cathode gas flow rate calculating unit configured to calculate a wetness-control cathode gas flow rate at least on the basis of the wetness target value and a measured value or estimated value of the anode gas circulation flow rate during the dry control; and a cathode gas flow rate control unit config

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell for generating electrical power upon being supplied with anode gas and cathode gas. The fuel cell system includes a wetness control state determination unit that determines whether or not a wetness control of controlling a degree of wetness of an electrolyte membrane of the fuel cell is normally executed, a combined capacitance calculation unit that calculates a combined capacitance of the fuel cell, and an anode gas concentration control unit that determines the occurrence of decrease in an anode gas concentration in the fuel cell or executes a control for increasing the anode gas concentration if the combined capacitance of the fuel cell is smaller than a predetermined value when the wetness control is determined to be normally executed.

Abstract: An impedance measuring device outputs an alternating current of a prescribed frequency to a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal of the laminated type battery. The impedance measuring device detects an alternating-current potential difference between the positive electrode terminal and an intermediate-point terminal, and an alternating-current potential difference between the negative electrode terminal and the intermediate-point terminal. The impedance measuring device adjusts an amplitude of the alternating current such that the alternating-current potential difference between the positive electrode terminal and the intermediate-point terminal, and the alternating-current potential difference between the negative electrode terminal and the intermediate-point terminal coincide. The impedance measuring device computes an impedance of the laminated type battery on the basis of the alternating current adjusted and the alternating-current potential difference.

Abstract: A method capable of effectively improving a rejection of a reverse osmosis membrane without remarkably reducing a permeation flux, even if the membrane is seriously degraded. An aqueous solution containing a first organic compound having a molecular weight of less than 200, a second organic compound having a molecular weight of 200 to less than 500, and a third organic compound having a molecular weight of 500 or more is passed through the reverse osmosis membrane. The first organic compound is preferably an amino acid or an amino acid derivative. The total concentration of the first organic compound and the second organic compound and the concentration of the third organic compound are each preferably 1 to 500 mg/L.

Abstract: The invention provides cleaning agents, cleaning liquids and cleaning methods that effectively remove contaminants which are impossible to remove sufficiently with conventional cleaning liquids at the occurrence of a decrease in performances such as permeation flux and salt rejection rate due to contamination of permeable membranes, in particular aromatic polyamide RO membranes used in water treatment. Permeable membranes are cleaned with a cleaning liquid which is an aqueous solution including a chloramine compound and an alkali agent and having a pH of 10 or above. The chloramine compound is preferably one obtained by mixing a compound having a primary amino group with hypochlorous acid and/or a hypochlorite.

Abstract: A fuel cell system including a fuel cell that receives a supply of an anode gas and a cathode gas and generates power is provided. The fuel cell system includes a water content calculation unit configured to calculate a water content of the fuel cell, an internal impedance calculation unit configured to calculate an internal impedance of the fuel cell, and a starting temperature calculation unit configured to calculate a fuel cell temperature at a start of the system, based on the water content of the fuel cell as of a last time the system was stopped, and the internal impedance of the fuel cell at the start of the system.

Abstract: A system for adjusting temperature of cooling-liquid comprises: a radiator; a cooling-liquid circulation flow-channel; a radiator bypass flow-channel; a thermostat valve; and a valve bypass flow-channel through which the cooling-liquid of the radiator bypass flow-channel is allowed to flow in a predetermined amount even if the thermostat valve is completely closed.

Abstract: A wet state control device for fuel cell includes a priority control unit for preferentially controlling either one of a pressure and a flow rate of cathode gas when a wet state of a fuel cell is adjusted, a water temperature control unit for controlling a temperature of cooling water when the wet state of the fuel cell is not completely adjustable by a control of the priority control unit, and a complementary control unit for controlling the other of the pressure and the flow rate of the cathode gas to complement a response delay of the water temperature control unit.

Abstract: A fuel cell system for generating power by supplying a reaction gas to a fuel cell includes a wet state detection unit configured to detect a wet state of an electrolyte membrane of the fuel cell, a steady time target wet state setting unit configured to set a steady time target wet state of the electrolyte membrane during a steady operation of the fuel cell system based on an operating condition of the fuel cell system, and a transient time target wet state setting unit configured to set a transient time target wet state so that the wet state of the electrolyte membrane gradually changes from a wet state detected before a transient operation starts to the steady time target wet state during the transient operation in which the operating condition of the fuel cell system changes.

Abstract: A method capable of effectively improving a rejection of a reverse osmosis membrane without remarkably reducing a permeation flux, even if the membrane is seriously degraded. An aqueous solution containing a first organic compound having a molecular weight of less than 200, a second organic compound having a molecular weight of 200 to less than 500, and a third organic compound having a molecular weight of 500 or more is passed through the reverse osmosis membrane. The first organic compound is preferably an amino acid or an amino acid derivative. The total concentration of the first organic compound and the second organic compound and the concentration of the third organic compound are each preferably 1 to 500 mg/L.

Abstract: Provide is a method capable of effectively improving a rejection of a permeable membrane without remarkably reducing a permeation flux, even if the membrane is seriously degraded. The method for improving a rejection of a permeable membrane supplies an aqueous solution (excluding an aqueous solution having a pH of 7 or less) containing a compound having an amino group and a molecular weight of 1,000 or less through the permeable membrane (amino-treatment step). Since the low molecular weight amino compound is supplied through the permeable membrane, degraded portions of the membrane can be restored without remarkably reducing the permeation flux thereof, and the rejection thereof can be effectively improved.