Abstract: A stroke sensor has two magnets, which are magnetized in a cross-section direction and are displaced in a longitudinal direction, and two magnetism sensitive sections arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction. The magnets have circular-arc-shaped swelling end edges respectively and are magnetized such that the swelling end edges have opposite polarities. Thus, a distribution of a magnetic flux density on an arrangement axis substantially coincides with a sine curve. The magnetic flux having such the distribution is displaced in the longitudinal direction together with the magnets. The magnetism sensitive sections are arranged on the arrangement axis to be distant from each other by a distance of one fourth of a cycle of the sine curve. Thus, the stroke sensor that is not affected by temperature and that has high sensing accuracy can be provided.

Abstract: A combined chlorine agent having a low concentration of free chlorine and a high concentration of combined chlorine whereby combined chlorine concentration of water can be heightened when added to water systems at a low concentration of free chlorine, methods of efficient production and chlorine treatment at low free chlorine concentration are provided. The combined chlorine agent consists of an aqueous agent which comprises alkali consisting of alkali metal hydroxide, sulfamic acid, and oxidizing agent based on chlorine, wherein the composition ratio of the oxidizing agent based on chlorine to the sulfamic acid is in the range from 0.45 to 0.6 by Cl/N (mole ratio), the composition ratio of the oxidizing agent based on chlorine to alkali is in the range from 0.3 to 0.4 by Cl/alkali metal (mole ratio), and free chlorine concentration in the aqueous agent is 2% by weight or lower of total chlorine concentration.

Abstract: Provided is a method capable of effectively improving the rejection of a membrane without considerably lowering the permeation flux, even when the membrane has significantly degraded. The method of improving the rejection of a permeable membrane includes a step (amino treatment step) of passing an aqueous solution (amino treatment water) having a pH of 7 or less and containing an amino group-containing compound having a molecular weight of 1000 or less through the permeable membrane. After this amino treatment step, water having a higher pH than the amino treatment water is allowed to pass through the permeable membrane. Thus, by allowing the low-molecular-weight amino compound to pass through the membrane, a degraded portion of the membrane can be restored without considerably lowering the permeation flux of this permeable membrane, and the rejection can be effectively improved.

Abstract: A signal reproduction device and signal reproduction method capable of automatically discriminating the format of input data and reproducing the data is provided.

Abstract: A stroke sensor has two magnets, which are magnetized in a cross-section direction and are displaced in a longitudinal direction, and two magnetism sensitive sections arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction. The magnets have circular-arc-shaped swelling end edges respectively and are magnetized such that the swelling end edges have opposite polarities. Thus, a distribution of a magnetic flux density on an arrangement axis substantially coincides with a sine curve. The magnetic flux having such the distribution is displaced in the longitudinal direction together with the magnets. The magnetism sensitive sections are arranged on the arrangement axis to be distant from each other by a distance of one fourth of a cycle of the sine curve. Thus, the stroke sensor that is not affected by temperature and that has high sensing accuracy can be provided.

Abstract: A magnetizing coil generates a magnetic field to magnetize a magnet in a magnetizing area, in which a direction of the magnetic field is generally parallel to a magnetization direction of the magnet. A magnetizing yoke holds the magnet and is made of a magnetic material, which exhibits a magnetic potential that is generally equal to a magnetic potential of the magnet in the magnetic field at time of magnetizing the magnet. The magnetizing yoke and the magnet substantially fill a projected area of the magnet in the magnetizing area on each of first and second sides of the magnet that are opposite from each other in the magnetization direction of the magnet in the magnetizing area.

Abstract: In a magnetic rotor, a rotatable shaft is received through a holder. A positioner is made of a magnetic material and is fitted into at least one of an outer peripheral wall of the rotatable shaft and an inner peripheral wall of the holder to position the holder relative to the rotatable shaft in a circumferential direction. An annular magnet is fixed to the holder and surrounds the rotatable shaft. The annular magnet has two magnetic poles of different polarities, which are magnetized in a magnetization direction that coincides with a radial direction of the annular magnet. The positioner is displaced around a rotational axis of the rotatable shaft from the magnetization direction of the annular magnet by about 90 degrees in the circumferential direction.

Abstract: An LSI which makes scan testing possible without compromising security is provided. Flip-flops that constitute a scan chain are reset when scan testing is initiated or terminated by the edges of a mode signal for switching between normal operations and scan testing. In addition, during scan testing, internal memory means is made inaccessible. Further, a dummy flip-flop that operates only during scan testing is connected to the scan chain, and shifting out by the scan chain during normal operations is made impossible.

Abstract: A relation between a light input power monitor value of an optical transmission signal before passing through a fiber and an input signal amplitude monitor value is recorded in advance in a storage device. Next, actual optical-transmission-waveform is inputted into an optical receiver module, and then comparisons between a light input power monitor value and an input signal amplitude monitor value, and respective monitor values in the case without having the waveform distortion as described above are performed in an operation device to calculate a waveform distortion value. According to the waveform distortion level calculated herein, an optimum threshold value and an optimum phase adjusting value, at which receiver sensitivity is maximized, are calculated in the operation device to control a threshold-value adjusting circuit and a phase-value adjusting circuit, thereby a threshold value and a phase value that are optimum for an input distortion level can be established.

Abstract: A magnetizing coil generates a magnetic field to magnetize a magnet in a magnetizing area, in which a direction of the magnetic field is generally parallel to a magnetization direction of the magnet. A magnetizing yoke holds the magnet and is made of a magnetic material, which exhibits a magnetic potential that is generally equal to a magnetic potential of the magnet in the magnetic field at time of magnetizing the magnet. The magnetizing yoke and the magnet substantially fill a projected area of the magnet in the magnetizing area on each of first and second sides of the magnet that are opposite from each other in the magnetization direction of the magnet in the magnetizing area.

Abstract: In a magnetic rotor, a rotatable shaft is received through a holder. A positioner is made of a magnetic material and is fitted into at least one of an outer peripheral wall of the rotatable shaft and an inner peripheral wall of the holder to position the holder relative to the rotatable shaft in a circumferential direction. An annular magnet is fixed to the holder and surrounds the rotatable shaft. The annular magnet has two magnetic poles of different polarities, which are magnetized in a magnetization direction that coincides with a radial direction of the annular magnet. The positioner is displaced around a rotational axis of the rotatable shaft from the magnetization direction of the annular magnet by about 90 degrees in the circumferential direction.

Abstract: This invention is intended to realize with ease flow control and quantization error reduction in a data transfer operation executed via the IEEE 1394 serial bus. A FIFO once holds data supplied from a decoder and outputs the data in a predetermined send timing relation. At this moment, a counter counts the number of packets to sent from the FIFO to an IEEE 1394 bus. In order to increasing data transfer quantity in accordance with a send command issued by a register, a data packet is sent at transfer of an empty packet. In order to decrease data transfer quantity, an empty packet is sent in a timed relation in which a data packet is sent. A data quantity monitor requests the decoder for supplying data or stopping thereof via a data input controller so as to prevent the FIFO from overflowing or being emptied in accordance with flow control.

Abstract: A relation between a light input power monitor value of an optical transmission signal before passing through a fiber and an input signal amplitude monitor value is recorded in advance in a storage device. Next, actual optical-transmission-waveform is inputted into an optical receiver module, and then comparisons between a light input power monitor value and an input signal amplitude monitor value, and respective monitor values in the case without having the waveform distortion as described above are performed in an operation device to calculate a waveform distortion value. According to the waveform distortion level calculated herein, an optimum threshold value and an optimum phase adjusting value, at which receiver sensitivity is maximized, are calculated in the operation device to control a threshold-value adjusting circuit and a phase-value adjusting circuit, thereby a threshold value and a phase value that are optimum for an input distortion level can be established.

Abstract: In order to solve the problem that since a loop filter constant suitable for asynchronous state cannot be selected in the conventional phase frequency synchronism circuit, it takes a long time to synchronize the input data and the clock signal from the asynchronous state, the present invention is to propose a phase frequency synchronism circuit including a phase comparator for generating a voltage according to the phase difference of the clock signal to the input signal, a frequency comparator for deciding if the frequency of the clock signal is higher or lower than the transmission rate of the input signal and generating a binary signal, a synchronous identifying unit for deciding if the input signal and the clock signal are synchronized in their phases and frequencies, a first switch that receives the output from the phase comparator and is closed and opened when the synchronous identifying unit decides that they are synchronized and not synchronized, respectively, a second switch that receives the output f

Abstract: This invention relates to a recording apparatus for recording digital data compressively encoded by use of a predetermined scheme having: receiving means for receiving a transport stream from an external unit connected through a digital bus; extracting means for extracting from the received transport stream a transport stream packet having a predetermined packet identification (PID); acquiring means for acquiring the compressively encoded digital data arranged in the transport stream packet extracted by the extracting means; and recording means for recording the acquired digital data onto a predetermined recording medium.

Abstract: A sample & hold type phase detector is used in a CDR IC and, in jitter transfer bandwidth adjustment, VCO output waveforms 90° out of phase with each other can be inputted to the phase detector, whereby a jitter transfer bandwidth can be calculated by only the measurement of frequency and of a DC voltage and it is possible to make a jitter transfer bandwidth adjustment in DC test for IC.

Abstract: A digital signal processor receives 1-bit audio signals acquired by sigma modulation and sent over a predetermined transmission line and makes a changeover between the audio signal and a mute pattern includes an IEEE 1394 interface. The IEEE 1394 interface receives an isochronous packet sent over an IEEE 1394-formatted transmission line, extracts music data from the packet, supplies the music data to a DRAM, monitors the amount of data stored in the DRAM, reads a 1-bit digital signal or generates a mute pattern such as a 9-6 pattern, and makes a changeover between the 1-bit digital signal read from the DRAM and mute pattern while fading them. The digital signal processor further includes a D-A converter to convert the 1-bit digital signal supplied from the IEEE 1394 interface into an analog signal.

Abstract: To provide economical high-speed optical communications through an optical module a silicon substrate with a ball lens and semiconductor luminescence element mounted thereon, and a laser driver IC are provided. A silicon subassembly includes a silicon substrate with a pyramidal cavity etched into the substrate near its edge. A ball lens is precision-mounted in the pyramidal cavity by bonding it at multiple points. This provides a high-strength connection and a small, inexpensive silicon substrate. Also provided on the silicon substrate is a semiconductor luminescence element and a slit on the opposite side of the ball lens. The slit enables collimated light emitted from the ball lens to be optically coupled without being blocked or reflected by the substrate. The semiconductor luminescence element and its laser driver IC are placed in close proximity to each other, and ribbon wires are kept short (approximately 300 &mgr;m) to reduce signal line impedance mismatch for high-speed transmission.

Abstract: An LSI which makes scan testing possible without compromising security is provided. Flip-flops that constitute a scan chain are reset when scan testing is initiated or terminated by the edges of a mode signal for switching between normal operations and scan testing. In addition, during scan testing, internal memory means is made inaccessible. Further, a dummy flip-flop that operates only during scan testing is connected to the scan chain, and shifting out by the scan chain during normal operations is made impossible.

Abstract: A data processing circuit able to absorb jitter due to differences in operating frequencies between applications by a small-sized and inexpensive configuration when connecting a plurality of applications operating at various frequencies, including a DRAM and a memory controller which writes a digital audio signal input from a DSP into the DRAM on the basis of a clock signal from the DSP 5, then reads it out on the basis of a clock signal set for a D/A converter and outputs it to the D/A converter. Jitter absorption is achieved through a buffering scheme.