Abstract: There is provided a novel ingredient that exhibits an exceptional effect for enhancing muscle using a fatty acid. A composition for muscle enhancement, characterized in that the composition contains, as an active component, at least one selected from the group consisting of C13, C14, or C15 fatty acids and fatty acid esters that include these fatty acids. The fatty acid is preferably at least one selected from tridecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, or pentadecanoic acid. The composition for muscle enhancement is suitably used in the form of, inter alia, an oil and fat composition, a food or beverage, a supplement, or an animal feed.

Abstract: Provided is a method of culturing a human hepatic parenchymal cell, including culturing a human hepatic parenchymal cell in a medium containing: a culture supernatant of a human hepatic nonparenchymal cell; a Wnt signaling promoter; and a mitogenic growth factor.

Abstract: A method for producing a two-dimensional small intestinal organoid having a villus structure, the method including a step 1 of culturing a cell derived from a small intestinal epithelium in an extracellular matrix to obtain a three-dimensional small intestinal organoid, a step 2 of dispersing the three-dimensional small intestinal organoid and monolayer culturing on the extracellular matrix to obtain a two-dimensional small intestinal organoid, and a step 3 of further culturing the two-dimensional small intestinal organoid while letting a culture medium of the two-dimensional small intestinal organoid to flow so that the two-dimensional small intestinal organoid forms a villus structure.

Abstract: To identify a microorganism causing the development of primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with ulcerative colitis. A Klebsiella pneumoniae strain inducing inflammation in the liver.

Abstract: To identify a microorganism causing the development of primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with ulcerative colitis. A Klebsiella pneumoniae strain inducing inflammation in the liver.

Abstract: A cell culture medium for culturing organoid containing at least two types of components selected from the group consisting of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGH1), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and epiregulin (EREG), and at least one type of component among the following components i (to III); i) Wnt agonist, ii) bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) inhibitor, and iii) transforming growth factor-? (TGIF-?) inhibitor.

Abstract: A cell culture medium for culturing organoid containing at least two types of components selected from the group consisting of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGH1), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and epiregulin (EREG), and at least one type of component among the following components i (to III); i) Wnt agonist, ii) bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) inhibitor, and iii) transforming growth factor-? (TGIF-?) inhibitor.

Abstract: A human tissue stem cell in which a gene of interest is introduced into a gene locus of a stem cell marker gene.

Abstract: A production method for an organoid, the production method including a step of culturing adult stem cells or a cell tissue piece including adult stem cells in a medium containing a chimeric Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) that includes a partial region of FGF1 and a partial region of FGF2; an organoid produced by the production method; a medium including a chimeric FGF and having a content of chimeric FGF of 50 ng/mL or less; and an evaluation method for a test substance are provided, and according to the chimeric FGF, a content of growth factors included in a medium can be reduced.

Abstract: A production method for a proliferative liver organoid includes culturing liver stem cells or a tissue fragment including liver stem cells in a growth medium to obtain a proliferative liver organoid, in which the growth medium contains an interleukin-6 family cytokine. A production method for a metabolically activated liver organoid includes culturing the proliferative liver organoid produced by the production method for a proliferative liver organoid in a differentiation medium to obtain a metabolically activated liver organoid, in which the differentiation medium does not substantially contain an interleukin-6 family cytokine.

Abstract: To provide a magnetic sensor element and a magnetic sensor device that can be easily manufactured and can reduce a loss of light to the extent possible. The above-described problem is solved by a magnetic sensor element comprising a planar lightwave circuit (11) provided with a light branching part (12), an input optical fiber (19) and an output optical fiber (20) connected to the planar lightwave circuit (11), a metal magnetic body type light transmitting film (30) that is provided on one end surface of the planar lightwave circuit (11) and transmits light entered from the input optical fiber (19), and a reflecting film (40) that is provided on the metal magnetic body type light transmitting film (30) and reflects the transmitted light. The output optical fiber (20) is a polarization-plane maintaining optical fiber, and the input optical fiber (19) and the output optical fiber (20) are aligned and connected to the planar lightwave circuit (11).

Abstract: A cell culture medium for culturing organoid containing at least two types of components selected from the group consisting of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and epiregulin (EREG), and at least one type of component among the following components i) to iii): i) Wnt agonist, ii) bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) inhibitor, and iii) transforming growth factor-? (TGF-?) inhibitor.

Abstract: A culture container for culturing epithelial cells, includes an upper container, a lid member configured to airtightly fit with an opening portion of the upper container, and a lower container configured to accommodate the upper container and a cell culture medium, in which at least a part of an area of the upper container in contact with the cell culture medium is formed of a membrane that is permeable to at least a part of components of the cell culture medium and impermeable to a cell, and a material of the lid member has an oxygen permeability coefficient of 1.0×10?6 cm3 cm/(cm2·sec·atm) or less.

Abstract: There is provided a method for determining the risk of colorectal cancer, including a step of detecting a loss-of-function mutation of a gene involved in interleukin (IL)-17 signaling in a colorectal epithelial tissue sample derived from a subject, in which a presence of the loss-of-function mutation indicates that the subject has a high risk of colorectal cancer.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an anti-human norovirus agent which can inhibit infection with and proliferation of human norovirus. The present inventors have found that the object can be attained through provision of an anti-human norovirus agent comprising, as an active ingredient, a fucose analog having an inhibitory action on glycosylation by fucosyltransferase (FUT). Examples of the active ingredient include a fucose analog represented by formula (III) or (IV) or a salt thereof. [In the formulas, each of formula (III) and formula (IV) represents an ?-anomer or a ?-anomer; each of R4, R3, and R4 is —OH or -OAc; R2 is a halogen atom, —OH, or -OAc; and R5 is —CH3, —C?CH, —C?CCH3, or —CH2C?CH.

Abstract: To identify a microorganism causing the development of primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with ulcerative colitis. A Klebsiella pneumoniae strain inducing inflammation in the liver.

Abstract: To identify a microorganism causing the development of primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with ulcerative colitis. A Klebsiella pneumoniae strain inducing inflammation in the liver.

Abstract: A human tissue stem cell in which a gene of interest is introduced into a gene locus of a stem cell marker gene.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for culturing epithelial stem cells, isolated tissue fragments comprising said epithelial stem cells, or adenoma cells, and culturing the cells or fragments in the presence of a Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) inhibitor, a mitogenic growth factor, and a Wnt agonist when culturing epithelial stem cells and isolated tissue fragments. The invention further relates to a cell culture medium comprising a BMP inhibitor, a mitogenic growth factor, and a Wnt agonist, to the use of said culture medium, and to crypt-villus organoids, gastric organoids and pancreatic organoids that are formed in said culture medium.

Abstract: To provide a magnetic sensor element and a magnetic sensor device that can be easily manufactured and can reduce a loss of light to the extent possible. The above-described problem is solved by a magnetic sensor element comprising a planar lightwave circuit (11) provided with a light branching part (12), an input optical fiber (19) and an output optical fiber (20) connected to the planar lightwave circuit (11), a metal magnetic body type light transmitting film (30) that is provided on one end surface of the planar lightwave circuit (11) and transmits light entered from the input optical fiber (19), and a reflecting film (40) that is provided on the metal magnetic body type light transmitting film (30) and reflects the transmitted light. The output optical fiber (20) is a polarization-plane maintaining optical fiber, and the input optical fiber (19) and the output optical fiber (20) are aligned and connected to the planar lightwave circuit (11).