Abstract: A cell culture medium for culturing organoid containing at least two types of components selected from the group consisting of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGH1), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and epiregulin (EREG), and at least one type of component among the following components i (to III); i) Wnt agonist, ii) bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) inhibitor, and iii) transforming growth factor-? (TGIF-?) inhibitor.

Abstract: A cell culture medium for culturing organoid containing at lest two types of components selected from the group consisting of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGH1), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and epiregulin (EREG), and at least one type of component among the following components i (to III); i) Wnt agonist, ii) bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) inhibitor, and iii) transforming growth factor-? (TGIF-?) inhibitor.

Abstract: A 2D organoid for infection and growth culture of human diarrhea virus, obtained by: (1) obtaining a 3D organoid by three-dimensionally culturing a human intestinal epithelial stem cell, a human intestinal epithelial cell, or a tissue containing at least any of those cells on an extracellular matrix; and (2) dispersing the 3D organoid to prepare a single cell, and monolayer-culturing the single cell on an extracellular matrix to obtain the 2D organoid having a monolayer structure in which epithelial cells contain differentiated trophoblastic cells and goblet cells and configured as human intestinal lumen having a monolayer structure.

Abstract: A cell culture medium for culturing organoid containing at least two types of components selected from the group consisting of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and epiregulin (EREG), and at least one type of component among the following components i) to iii): i) Wnt agonist, ii) bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) inhibitor, and iii) transforming growth factor-? (TGF-?) inhibitor.

Abstract: To identify a microorganism causing the development of primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with ulcerative colitis. A Klebsiella pneumoniae strain inducing inflammation in the liver.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for culturing epithelial stem cells, isolated tissue fragments comprising the epithelial stem cells, or adenoma cells, and culturing the cells or fragments in the presence of a Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) inhibitor, a mitogenic growth factor, and a Wnt agonist when culturing epithelial stem cells and isolated tissue fragments. The invention further relates to a cell culture medium comprising a BMP inhibitor, a mitogenic growth factor, and a Wnt agonist, to the use of the culture medium, and to crypt-villus organoids, gastric organoids and pancreatic organoids that are formed in the culture medium.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cell culture medium with which serum-free long-term culture of an epithelial stem cell, an epithelial cancer cell, or a tissue containing at least one thereof can be achieved. The cell culture medium of the present invention includes: a Wnt agonist composed of a complex of Wnt protein and afamin, which is a substance capable of stabilizing the Wnt protein, and R-spondin; and at least one selected from the group consisting of a mitogenic growth factor, a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) inhibitor, a transforming growth factor-? (TGF-?) inhibitor, and a p38 inhibitor.

Abstract: A composition that is useful in a skin function improving agent includes at least a sapogenol, and a collagen hydrolysate. This composition can be used in a skin function improving agent and is particularly useful in a skin function improving agent for inhibiting transdermal moisture loss and/or for retaining the moisture in the stratum corneum.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for culturing epithelial stem cells, isolated tissue fragments comprising the epithelial stem cells, or adenoma cells, and culturing the cells or fragments in the presence of a Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) inhibitor, a mitogenic growth factor, and a Wnt agonist when culturing epithelial stem cells and isolated tissue fragments. The invention further relates to a cell culture medium comprising a BMP inhibitor, a mitogenic growth factor, and a Wnt agonist, to the use of the culture medium, and to crypt-villus organoids, gastric organoids, pancreatic organoids, liver organoids, colon organoids, Barrett's Esophagus organoids, adenocarcinoma organoids and colon carcinoma organoids that are formed in the culture medium.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for culturing epithelial stem cells, isolated tissue fragments comprising the epithelial stem cells, or adenoma cells, and culturing the cells or fragments in the presence of a Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) inhibitor, a mitogenic growth factor, and a Wnt agonist when culturing epithelial stem cells and isolated tissue fragments. The invention further relates to a cell culture medium comprising a BMP inhibitor, a mitogenic growth factor, and a Wnt agonist, to the use of the culture medium, and to crypt-villus organoids, gastric organoids, pancreatic organoids, liver organoids, colon organoids, Barrett's Esophagus organoids, adenocarcinoma organoids and colon carcinoma organoids that are formed in the culture medium.

Abstract: A method of regulating livestock excreta includes providing a feed composition to a livestock animal for consumption, where the feed composition comprises rapeseed meal, and the rapeseed meal comprises 42.5 to 55% by weight of the rapeseed meal of protein, and 6% or less by weight of the rapeseed meal of crude fiber.

Abstract: A composition that is useful in a skin function improving agent includes at least a sapogenol, and a collagen hydrolysate. This composition can be used in a skin function improving agent and is particularly useful in a skin function improving agent for inhibiting transdermal moisture loss and/or for retaining the moisture in the stratum corneum.

Abstract: A method for enhancing skin collagen in an individual includes administering a composition to the individual, the composition comprising a skin collagen enhancing agent comprising menaquinone-7 as an active ingredient. In addition, a composition is provided in the form of at least one of an emulsion and a cream, the composition including a skin collagen enhancing agent comprising menaquinone-7 as an active ingredient.

Abstract: A composition that is useful in a skin function improving agent includes at least two of the following: vitamin K, a sapogenol, and a collagen hydrolysate. This composition can be used in a skin function improving agent and is particularly useful in a skin function improving agent for inhibiting transdermal moisture loss and/or for retaining the moisture in the stratum corneum.

Abstract: A soy saponin composition is provided high bodily absorption characteristics. In an embodiment, a soyasapogenol composition comprises soyasapogenol B and 3-O-D-glucuronopyranosyl soyasapogenol B. The weight ratio (B/A) of the 3-O-D-glucuronopyranosyl soyasapogenol B to the soyasapogenol B is in the range of 0.001-10. The composition can be produced by partial decomposition of a sugar chain residue of a soy saponin B group glycoside utilizing an acid.

Abstract: A method for enhancing skin collagen in an individual includes administering a composition to the individual, the composition comprising a skin collagen enhancing agent comprising menaquinone-7 as an active ingredient. In addition, a composition is provided in the form of at least one of an emulsion and a cream, the composition including a skin collagen enhancing agent comprising menaquinone-7 as an active ingredient.

Abstract: A hyaluronic acid production promoter and a melanin synthesis inhibitor include soybean saponin as an active ingredient. The soybean saponin can be a soybean saponin aglycone, such as soyasapogenol A and/or soyasapogenol B. The hyaluronic acid production promoter and melanin synthesis inhibitor can be administered transdermally or orally.

Abstract: A composition that is useful in a skin function improving agent includes at least two of the following: vitamin K, a sapogenol, and a collagen hydrolysate. This composition can be used in a skin function improving agent and is particularly useful in a skin function improving agent for inhibiting transdermal moisture loss and/or for retaining the moisture in the stratum corneum.

Abstract: A hyaluronic acid production promoter and a melanin synthesis inhibitor include soybean saponin as an active ingredient. The soybean saponin can be a soybean saponin aglycone, such as soyasapogenol A and/or soyasapogenol B. The hyaluronic acid production promoter and melanin synthesis inhibitor can be administered transdermally or orally.

Abstract: Provided is a hyaluronic acid production promoter and a melanin synthesis inhibitor. The hyaluronic acid production promoter and the melanin synthesis inhibitor of the present invention each contain soybean saponin as an active ingredient. The soybean saponin is preferably soybean saponin aglycone. The soybean saponin aglycone preferably includes soyasapogenol A and/or soyasapogenol B. The hyaluronic acid production promoter and the melanin synthesis inhibitor of the present invention are each administered transdermally or orally.