Abstract: A roller member includes a rotating shaft and a roller portion. The roller portion includes a first layer provided on at least a portion of an outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft, and a second elastic layer provided on at least a portion of an outer peripheral surface of the first layer. The first layer is made of a material having a coefficient of linear expansion lower than a coefficient of linear expansion of a material of the second elastic layer.

Abstract: A control device for a vehicle includes a driver request torque detection unit that detects a driver request torque, a restriction torque calculation unit that calculates a restriction torque being smaller than the driver request torque based on an external request, a corrected torque calculation unit that calculates a corrected torque being greater than the restriction torque, and an engine control unit that controls positions of a throttle valve and an exhaust bypass valve. The engine control unit controls the positions of the throttle valve and the exhaust bypass valve based on the driver request torque during an ordinary drive, and if a prescribed drive condition is satisfied, the engine control unit controls the position of the throttle valve based on the restriction torque and controls the position of the exhaust bypass valve based on the corrected torque.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating temperatures of a vehicle includes an acquirer to acquire an engine correlated temperature correlated with the temperature of an engine when the engine is stopping. The apparatus further includes an estimator to estimate a catalyst temperature of a catalyst disposed in an exhaust system of the engine, based on an inlet gas temperature estimated through a first-order lag operation with an exhaust-manifold temperature at a stop of the engine as an initial temperature and the engine correlated temperature as a target temperature.

Abstract: Provided is a fixing device including a belt that generates heat by an action of a magnetic field to fix an image to a medium by the heat, a magnetic field generating unit that generates a magnetic field which heats the belt, a heat generation control member that includes a first magnetic body which is changed from ferromagnetism to paramagnetism at a Curie temperature, and suppresses heat generation of the belt, a sensor that is disposed in a first space, measures a temperature of an object present on the belt side, and is heated by an action of a magnetic field, and a second magnetic body that is disposed in a second space.

Abstract: Provided is a fixing device including a belt that generates heat by an action of a magnetic field to fix an image to a medium by the heat, a magnetic field generating unit that generates a magnetic field which heats the belt, a heat generation control member that includes a first magnetic body which is changed from ferromagnetism to paramagnetism at a Curie temperature, and suppresses heat generation of the belt, a sensor that is disposed in a first space, measures a temperature of an object present on the belt side, and is heated by an action of a magnetic field, and a second magnetic body that is disposed in a second space.

Abstract: There is provided a fastening target member attached to an attachment member by a fastening member that includes a head and a shaft. The fastening target member has a surface, at least one insertion hole that allows the shaft of the fastening member to be inserted therethrough, and a fastening member removal structure that is formed in the surface of the fastening target member where the head of the fastening member is disposed and that has a pair of grooves. The pair of grooves face each other with the at least one insertion hole interposed therebetween. The pair of grooves are each formed from an inner circumferential side relative to the outer diameter of the head of the fastening member to an outer circumferential side relative to the outer diameter of the head of the fastening member.

Abstract: A control device for an internal combustion engine, which can accurately estimate an intake air amount introduced from an intake system into an internal combustion engine, is provided. The control device calculates the change amount of an air amount in an upstream section upstream of a throttle valve of the intake system based on the pressure and temperature of air in the upstream section; calculates a throttle passage air amount flowing out to an intake manifold, which is a section downstream of the throttle valve, based on the change amount and an introduced air amount flowing into a supercharger; and calculates the intake air amount based on the throttle passage air amount.

Abstract: When high-pressure purge (the first purge control) (d-f) in which fuel evaporative gas in the fuel tank is emitted until internal pressure in the fuel tank decreases to a second predetermined pressure by closing a vapor solenoid valve, opening a fuel tank shutoff valve and a purge control valve when an engine is running finishes, connecting passage purge (the second purge control) (f-g) in which the fuel evaporative gas in vapor piping and purge piping is emitted up to a second predetermined volume (a second predetermined value) or above is performed, and then the fuel evaporative gas in a canister is emitted by opening the vapor solenoid valve (the third purge control) (g-h).

Abstract: A fuel injection control apparatus of an engine, which can inhibit a learning time from lengthening, is provided. With the fuel injection control apparatus, learning control over one of a first fuel injection valve and a second fuel injection valve is exercised in an operating region of the engine where fuel is injected from each of the first fuel injection valve and the second fuel injection valve, and the change rate of a learning value by the learning control is altered in accordance with an injection ratio between the first fuel injection valve and the second fuel injection valve.

Abstract: A control apparatus for an engine introduces purge gas containing fuel gas evaporated from a fuel tank into an intake system includes an air-fuel ratio calculation unit that calculates an air-fuel ratio (AF) of the engine, and a purge rate calculation unit that calculates a purge rate (RPRG) corresponding to an introduction rate of the purge gas. The control apparatus further includes a concentration calculation unit that calculates a concentration (KAF_PRG) of the purge gas based on the air-fuel ratio (AF) calculated by the air-fuel ratio calculation unit and the purge rate (RPRG) calculated by the purge rate calculation unit. A decision unit permits or inhibits the concentration calculation unit to calculate the concentration (KAF_PRG) based on the purge rate (RPRG) calculated by the purge rate calculation unit. The estimation accuracy of the concentration (KAF_PRG) of purge gas is improved.

Abstract: A control device for a hybrid vehicle, which can inhibit damage to an exhaust purification catalyst and also suppress deterioration of drivability, is provided. The control device exercises catalyst protective control, which inhibits operation of an engine and drives a traction motor, if a state where an exhaust air-fuel ratio detected by an exhaust air-fuel ratio detection unit is lean continues for a first predetermined time or longer.

Abstract: A controlling apparatus for an engine includes a purge path connected to a sealing-type fuel tank and an intake system of an engine and is configured to allow purge gas containing evaporated fuel from the fuel tank to flow therethrough. A purge valve placed in the purge path is configured to adjust a flow rate of the purge gas. A calculation unit calculates a degree of opening of the purge valve based on a target introduction ratio of the purge gas, and a controlling unit controls the purge valve so as to establish the degree of opening calculated by the calculation unit. The calculation unit corrects, in high-pressure purge performed when a pressure in the fuel tank increases exceeding a predetermined pressure, the degree of opening using a tank pressure flow velocity correction coefficient K2 corresponding to an upstream pressure of the purge valve.

Abstract: A fuel injection control apparatus for an engine, which makes an appropriate increasing correction to a fuel amount at the time of restart after the stop period of the engine, thereby making it possible to cut down on the amounts of NOx emissions, is provided. The fuel injection control apparatus comprises an injection volume control unit for controlling a fuel injection volume, a supplied oxygen amount detection unit for detecting a supplied oxygen amount, an activity determination unit for determining whether or not an exhaust purification catalyst is in an active state, and an amount increasing correction unit for making an increasing correction to the fuel injection volume in accordance with the detection results of the supplied oxygen amount detection unit and the determination results of the activity determination unit.

Abstract: In a hybrid vehicle that selects a series mode in which an engine drives a motor generator to generate electric power and a driving motor drives drive wheels, fuel supply to the engine is stopped and motoring in which the motor generator forcedly drives the engine can be performed, failure determination of a front O2 sensor and a rear O2 sensor provided in an exhaust passage of the engine can be performed based on a change in a detection value of the sensors when the fuel supply is stopped, and a throttle valve of the engine is forcedly opened in the motoring.

Abstract: A control device for an internal combustion engine, which can accurately estimate an intake air amount introduced from an intake system into an internal combustion engine, is provided. The control device calculates the change amount of an air amount in an upstream section upstream of a throttle valve of the intake system based on the pressure and temperature of air in the upstream section; calculates a throttle passage air amount flowing out to an intake manifold, which is a section downstream of the throttle valve, based on the change amount and an introduced air amount flowing into a supercharger; and calculates the intake air amount based on the throttle passage air amount.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a heating member heating a recording medium to fix a developer image thereto; an endless heating belt rotatably wrapped around the heating member and heating the medium; a rotating member around which the belt is wrapped and having a fixed first axial end; a position detecting unit detecting a position of the belt when moved in first and second opposite directions parallel to an axial direction of the rotating member; and a controller controlling a rotational movement angle by which a second axial end of the rotating member is rotationally moved about the first end in an axis-intersecting direction based on information from the position detecting unit when the belt is moved in the first and second directions so that first and second speeds for respectively moving the belt in the first and second directions are made equal to or close to each other.

Abstract: A fuel injection control apparatus of an internal combustion engine, which can appropriately control the amount of fuel injection from an in-cylinder injection valve so as to achieve a desired air-fuel ratio, regardless of the operating state of the internal combustion engine, is provided. The fuel injection control apparatus comprises: an additional injection means which, when determining that the operating state of the internal combustion engine is a transient state, allows the in-cylinder injection valve to inject a fuel amount conformed to a changing intake air amount; and a subtraction means for subtracting a minimum fuel amount, injectable from the in-cylinder injection valve, from a fuel amount to be injected, before injection by the additional injection means is performed.

Abstract: A fuel injection control apparatus of an internal combustion engine, capable of controlling the amount of fuel, which is injected from a cylinder injection valve (second fuel injection valve), with high accuracy even when its amount is small, regardless of the operating state of the internal combustion engine, is provided. The fuel injection control device has a fuel pressure adjustment means which, when the injection form of the internal combustion engine is changed, adjusts the working state of a high pressure supply pump such that the amount of fuel injection from the second fuel injection valve stabilizes, before changing the working state of the high pressure supply pump in accordance with the injection form.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a transport unit that transports plural recording media having developer images transferred thereon, at an interval; a fixing unit that fixes the developer images to the recording media transported by the transport unit, by applying heat; a temperature measuring unit that measures an ambient temperature; a speed changing unit that decreases a fixing speed of the developer images in the fixing unit if the ambient temperature measured by the temperature measuring unit is a preset temperature or lower, as compared with the fixing speed if the ambient temperature is higher than the preset temperature; and an interval changing unit that decreases the interval if the ambient temperature is the preset temperature or lower, as compared with the interval if the ambient temperature is higher than the preset temperature.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a transport unit that transports plural recording media having developer images transferred thereon, at an interval; a fixing unit that fixes the developer images to the recording media transported by the transport unit, by applying heat; a temperature measuring unit that measures an ambient temperature; a speed changing unit that decreases a fixing speed of the developer images in the fixing unit if the ambient temperature measured by the temperature measuring unit is a preset temperature or lower, as compared with the fixing speed if the ambient temperature is higher than the preset temperature; and an interval changing unit that decreases the interval if the ambient temperature is the preset temperature or lower, as compared with the interval if the ambient temperature is higher than the preset temperature.