Abstract: A control apparatus for an engine introduces purge gas containing fuel gas evaporated from a fuel tank into an intake system includes an air-fuel ratio calculation unit that calculates an air-fuel ratio (AF) of the engine, and a purge rate calculation unit that calculates a purge rate (RPRG) corresponding to an introduction rate of the purge gas. The control apparatus further includes a concentration calculation unit that calculates a concentration (KAF—PRG) of the purge gas based on the air-fuel ratio (AF) calculated by the air-fuel ratio calculation unit and the purge rate (RPRG) calculated by the purge rate calculation unit. A decision unit permits or inhibits the concentration calculation unit to calculate the concentration (KAF—PRG) based on the purge rate (RPRG) calculated by the purge rate calculation unit. The estimation accuracy of the concentration (KAF—PRG) of purge gas is improved.

Abstract: An engine controlling apparatus includes an engine speed detection unit that detects an engine speed, and an acceleration operation amount detection unit that detects an acceleration operation amount inputted to an acceleration pedal. The apparatus includes a first calculation unit that calculates an acceleration demand torque based on the engine speed and the acceleration operation amount, a second calculation unit that calculates an external demand torque demanded from an external controlling system, and a third calculation unit that calculates a first target torque and a second target torque based on the acceleration demand torque and the external demand torque. The apparatus includes a fourth calculation unit that calculates a maximum torque which can be generated by the engine at an actual charging efficiency, and a control unit that controls an ignition timing of the engine based on the actual torque and the first target torque.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a heating member heating a recording medium to fix a developer image thereto; an endless heating belt rotatably wrapped around the heating member and heating the medium; a rotating member around which the belt is wrapped and having a fixed first axial end; a position detecting unit detecting a position of the belt when moved in first and second opposite directions parallel to an axial direction of the rotating member; and a controller controlling a rotational movement angle by which a second axial end of the rotating member is rotationally moved about the first end in an axis-intersecting direction based on information from the position detecting unit when the belt is moved in the first and second directions so that first and second speeds for respectively moving the belt in the first and second directions are made equal to or close to each other.

Abstract: A fixing device includes: a fixing unit that transports a recording medium as nipped between a pressure rotary member and a heating rotary member, to thereby fix a developer image on the recording medium; temperature detectors that detect temperatures of regions of the pressure rotary member located along an axial direction of the pressure rotary member; cooling units that cool the detected regions; and a controller that controls the cooling units to, if a temperature difference between the regions is more than a set temperature difference, execute first cooling for reducing the temperature difference to the set temperature difference or less, and to, if a width of the recording medium perpendicular to a transport direction thereof used in an immediately preceding image formation is equal to or less than a preset width, execute, subsequently to the first cooling, second cooling for cooling the pressure rotary member for a preset time.

Abstract: A fixing unit includes: a support member; an endless-belt-like fixing member which is wound on the support member; a pressure member which rotates in a fixed rotation direction while being pressed onto the fixing member; a fixing portion in which the fixing member and the pressure member abut against each other to perform fixation on a recording medium; a separation unit which is provided in a space between the support member and the fixing member on a downstream side of the fixing member in a rotation direction of the fixing member and for separating the recording medium from the fixing member; a separation portion which is provided in the separation unit to press the fixing member onto the pressure member and guide the fixing member to leave the pressure member; and an adjustment unit as defined herein.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a heater that transports a recording medium while rotating in a first direction and fixes an image formed on the recording medium to the recording medium by heating the image, a reducing member that rotates in a second direction different from the first direction, the reducing member and the heater contacting each other and rotating at different speeds, and the reducing member scratching an outer peripheral surface of the heater, and a moving device that moves the heater with respect to the reducing member in a direction of a rotational axis of the reducing member.

Abstract: A controller of an internal combustion engine operable by an alcohol-containing fuel, includes: an alcohol concentration detecting unit, operable to detect an alcohol concentration of the alcohol-containing fuel; a feedback controller, operable to perform feedback control to make an exhaust air-fuel ratio of the internal combustion engine become equal to a target air-fuel ratio in accordance with an operation region; and an operation region setting unit, operable to set a stoichiometric operation region, in which the target air-fuel ratio is stoichiometric, in an enlarged manner when the alcohol concentration, detected by the alcohol concentration detecting unit, is higher than a concentration.

Abstract: An engine control apparatus includes a target air volume calculator which calculates a target air volume required by an engine, and an actual air volume calculator which calculates an actual air volume inhaled into a cylinder of the engine. The apparatus further includes an estimator which calculates the estimated value of subsequent actual air volume on the basis of a time lag from a time when the target air volume is calculated to a time when the actual air volume reaches the target air volume. The apparatus can accurately estimate an intake air volume inhaled into the cylinder to improve the controllability of the engine.

Abstract: A heating device includes: a heating member heating a recording medium; a pressure member forming a heating pressure portion between the pressure member and the heating member by coming into pressure contact with the heating member, the heating pressure portion passing through the recording medium; a tensioning member placed to face the pressure member across the heating member to provide a tension to the heating member; and a cooling unit cooling the pressure member, the cooling unit including: an air blower generating an air flow; a circulator circulating the air flow along the pressure member; and a group of protruding portions provided on the circulator to guide the air flow.

Abstract: A sheet-material transporting device includes: plural first endless-belts; a driving-member around which the first endless-belts are trained to circulate; a first driven-member around which the first endless-belts are trained, being slave-rotated; a supporting-member provided at an inner-peripheral-side of the first endless-belts; a second endless-belt provided between the first endless-belts, trained around the driving-member and circulating; a second driven-member provided between the first driven-member and the driving-member, around which the second endless-belt is trained at an opening portion provided in the supporting-member, being slave-rotated; and a detecting-member detecting a sheet-material, the supporting-member including a downstream-side-supporting-member disposed at a downstream-side having a concave-portion formed in an end portion, and an upstream-side-supporting-member disposed at an upstream-side and that is set against the end portion of the downstream-side-supporting-member such that the

Abstract: A fixing device includes: a belt member provided to be circularly movable having a width; a first fixing member disposed inside the belt member; a second fixing member disposed in press contact with the first fixing member across the belt member, and forms a passing portion with the belt member, through which a recording medium passes; and a pressing member disposed along a width direction of the belt member and downstream of the passing portion in a moving direction of the belt member, in which the pressing member has a surface and brings the surface in contact with an inner peripheral surface of the belt member to press the belt member against the second fixing member. The surface is curved toward the second fixing member along with a move from an end portion to a center portion in a longitudinal direction of the pressing member.

Abstract: A first calculation device is provided that calculates a ratio of a target torque equivalent value of an engine to a maximum torque equivalent value of the engine, as a pressure ratio equivalent value. A second calculation device is also provided that calculates a flow velocity of air to flowing through a throttle valve in the engine, based on the pressure ratio equivalent value calculated by the first calculation device. A third calculation device is further provided that calculates a target throttle valve opening, based on the flow velocity calculated by the second calculation device. With this configuration, the target opening of a throttle valve corresponding to the requested engine torque, without using the pressures before and after the throttle valve section.

Abstract: An engine controlling apparatus includes a setting unit that sets a demand torque to an engine, a detection unit that detects a fluctuation of an external load, and a correction unit that corrects the demand torque. The apparatus includes a target torque calculation unit that calculates a target torque based on the demand torque, a control unit that controls an amount of air to be introduced into the engine so that an output torque may come close to the target torque, and an ignition timing detection unit that detects an ignition timing of the engine. The correction unit adds a torque increment for coping with a fluctuation of the external load to the demand torque to determine an increment correction demand torque and increases or decreases the increment correction demand torque in response to a displacement amount of the ignition timing from a predetermined reference value.

Abstract: An engine controlling apparatus includes an idle speed setting unit that sets a target idle speed upon idling of an engine mounted on a vehicle, and a target torque setting unit that sets a target torque in response to the target idle speed. The apparatus further includes an ignition timing controlling unit that controls an ignition timing and an intake air amount controlling unit that controls an intake air amount, and a steering angle detection unit that detects a steering angle. The apparatus further includes a torque value setting unit that sets a torque value in response to the steering angle. The intake air amount controlling unit controls the intake air amount in response to both the target torque and the torque value. The ignition timing controlling unit controls the ignition timing so that the engine outputs the target torque.

Abstract: An engine controlling apparatus includes an engine speed detection unit that detects an engine speed, and an acceleration operation amount detection unit that detects an acceleration operation amount inputted to an acceleration pedal. The apparatus includes a first calculation unit that calculates an acceleration demand torque based on the engine speed and the acceleration operation amount, a second calculation unit that calculates an external demand torque demanded from an external controlling system, and a third calculation unit that calculates a first target torque and a second target torque based on the acceleration demand torque and the external demand torque. The apparatus includes a fourth calculation unit that calculates a maximum torque which can be generated by the engine at an actual charging efficiency, and a control unit that controls an ignition timing of the engine based on the actual torque and the first target torque.

Abstract: A fixing unit includes: a support member; an endless-belt-like fixing member which is wound on the support member; a pressure member which rotates in a fixed rotation direction while being pressed onto the fixing member; a fixing portion in which the fixing member and the pressure member abut against each other to perform fixation on a recording medium; a separation unit which is provided in a space between the support member and the fixing member on a downstream side of the fixing member in a rotation direction of the fixing member and for separating the recording medium from the fixing member; a separation portion which is provided in the separation unit to press the fixing member onto the pressure member and guide the fixing member to leave the pressure member; and an adjustment unit as defined herein.

Abstract: A fixing unit includes: a fixing member; a pressure member that rotates while being pressed onto the fixing member; a fixing portion that is a contact portion between the fixing member and the pressure member and performs fixation on a recording medium; and a temperature uniformizing member that abuts against the pressure member on a rotational downstream side of the pressure member with respect to the fixing portion and over an area longer than an axial length of the recording medium perpendicular to a conveyance direction of the recording medium.

Abstract: An output control device of a vehicle is provided. A flow speed ratio calculator obtains a flow speed ratio which is a ratio between a flow speed of an intake air of the internal combustion engine realizing a current base request torque which is currently calculated and a flow speed of the intake air of the internal combustion engine realizing a previous request torque which is previously calculated. A base request torque corrector corrects the base request torque based on the flow speed ratio. A controller controls a driving parameter of the internal combustion engine according to the current request torque which is currently calculated based on the current base request torque corrected by the base request torque corrector.

Abstract: A system operable to control an exhaust gas emission of an engine, includes a catalytic converter; a fuel cutter, a change executor, a correlation value provider, an adjuster, and a controller. The change executor is operable to execute changing of an air-fuel ratio of the engine to a rich air-fuel ratio after the fuel supply is once stopped by the fuel cutter and then resumed. The correlation value provider is operable to provide a correlation value correlated to a change amount of the air-fuel ratio caused by the change executor based on a driving condition of the engine. The adjuster is operable to adjust the correlation value based on a parameter indicative of a capability of the catalytic converter. The controller is operable to cause the change executor to execute the changing based on the adjusted correlation value.

Abstract: A controller of an internal combustion engine includes: a purge controller, operable to control a purge amount of the vaporized fuel purged to an air intake system; an exhaust air-fuel ratio detector; an air-fuel ratio feedback controller; a period determiner, operable to determine whether it is an estimation enabling period; and an alcohol concentration estimator, operable to estimate the alcohol concentration. When the purge of the vaporized fuel is cut during the estimation enabling period, the purge controller: performs control so that the purge is cut with a large degree of tailing, in an operation region where a load of the internal combustion engine is high and a rotation speed is high; and performs control so that the purge is cut with a smaller degree of tailing than the large degree of tailing, in an operation region where the load of the internal combustion engine is low and the rotation speed is low.