Abstract: An apparatus for estimating temperatures of a vehicle includes an acquirer to acquire an engine correlated temperature correlated with the temperature of an engine when the engine is stopping. The apparatus further includes an estimator to estimate a catalyst temperature of a catalyst disposed in an exhaust system of the engine, based on an inlet gas temperature estimated through a first-order lag operation with an exhaust-manifold temperature at a stop of the engine as an initial temperature and the engine correlated temperature as a target temperature.

Abstract: An engine controlling apparatus controls a cylinder injected volume of fuel injected from a cylinder injection valve of an engine into a cylinder, and a port injected volume of fuel injected from a port injection valve into an intake port. The engine controlling apparatus includes an adhesion volume calculator to calculate a cylinder adhesion volume of fuel adhering to the cylinder, the fuel being injected from the cylinder injection valve, and a port adhesion volume of fuel adhering to the intake port, the fuel being injected from the port injection valve. The engine controlling apparatus further includes a controller to control the cylinder injected volume and the port injected volume based on both the cylinder adhesion volume and the port adhesion volume.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a fixing rotary body that heats toner while rotating and fixes the toner on a recording medium, a pressurizing rotary body that sandwiches and pressurizes the toner and the recording medium by the fixing rotary body, and a supporting part that supports the fixing rotary body from the inside so that a peak pressure on an outlet side of the recording medium becomes equal to or lower than a peak pressure on an inlet side, in a contact part where the fixing rotary body and the pressurizing rotary body come into contact with each other.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a heating member that heats a toner image on a recording medium and includes a rotatable belt member, a heat source, a pressing member, a sliding sheet, and a pressure-applying member. The pressing member presses the belt member against the pressure-applying member. A surface of the pressing member that opposes the belt member includes a flat portion or a recessed portion having a radius of curvature of approximately 100 mm or more. The sliding sheet is disposed between the belt member and the pressing member and includes a sliding layer containing cross-linked polytetrafluoroethylene, the content of which in resin contained in the layer is approximately 25 mass % or more and approximately 75 mass % or less. The pressure-applying member presses the recording medium against the belt member and rotates to transport the recording medium while nipping it between itself and the belt member.

Abstract: A fuel injection control apparatus for an engine, which makes an appropriate increasing correction to a fuel amount at fete time of restart after the stop period of the engine, thereby making it possible to cut down on the amounts of NOx emissions, is provided. The fuel injection control apparatus comprises an injection volume control unit for controlling a fuel injection volume a supplied oxygen amount detection unit for detecting a supplied oxygen amount, an activity determination unit for determining whether or not an exhaust purification catalyst is in an active state, and an amount increasing correction unit for making an increasing correction to the fuel injection volume in accordance with the detection results of the supplied oxygen amount detection unit and the determination results of the activity determination unit.

Abstract: A fuel injection control apparatus of an engine, which can inhibit a learning time from lengthening, is provided. With the fuel injection control apparatus, learning control over one of a first fuel injection valve and a second fuel injection valve is exercised in an operating region of the engine where fuel is injected from each of the first fuel injection valve and the second fuel injection valve, and the change rate of a learning value by the learning control is altered in accordance with an injection ratio between the first fuel injection valve and the second fuel injection valve.

Abstract: A control device for a hybrid vehicle, which can inhibit damage to an exhaust purification catalyst and also suppress deterioration of drivability, is provided. The control device exercises catalyst protective control, which inhibits operation of an engine and drives a traction motor, if a state where an exhaust air-fuel ratio detected by an exhaust air-fuel ratio detection unit is lean continues for a first predetermined time or longer.

Abstract: When fuel tank internal pressure is at a first predetermined pressure P1 or above over a first predetermined time length t1, a fuel tank shutoff valve is opened and a vapor solenoid valve is closed to make piping internal pressure equal to the fuel tank internal pressure. Then, a purge control valve is opened to emit fuel evaporative gas from the fuel tank into an intake passage. When the fuel tank internal pressure is continuously at a second predetermined pressure P2 or below over the first predetermined time length t1, the fuel tank shutoff valve is closed, and when accumulated volume in high-pressure purge finishing phase reaches a second predetermined volume iv2 or above, the vapor solenoid valve is opened. When the accumulated volume in high-pressure purge finishing phase reaches a first predetermined volume iv1 or above, the purge control valve is opened and the engine is stopped.

Abstract: A first calculation device is provided that calculates a ratio of a target torque equivalent value of an engine to a maximum torque equivalent value of the engine, as a pressure ratio equivalent value. A second calculation device is also provided that calculates a flow velocity of air to flowing through a throttle valve in the engine, based on the pressure ratio equivalent value calculated by the first calculation device. A third calculation device is further provided that calculates a target throttle valve opening, based on the flow velocity calculated by the second calculation device. With this configuration, the target opening of a throttle valve corresponding to the requested engine torque, without using the pressures before and after the throttle valve section.

Abstract: An engine control apparatus includes a target air volume calculator which calculates a target air volume required by an engine, and an actual air volume calculator which calculates an actual air volume inhaled into a cylinder of the engine. The apparatus further includes an estimator which calculates the estimated value of subsequent actual air volume on the basis of a time lag from a time when the target air volume is calculated to a time when the actual air volume reaches the target air volume. The apparatus can accurately estimate an intake air volume inhaled into the cylinder to improve the controllability of the engine.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a heating member that heats a toner image on a recording medium and includes a rotatable belt member, a heat source, a pressing member, a sliding sheet, and a pressure-applying member. The pressing member presses the belt member against the pressure-applying member. A surface of the pressing member that opposes the belt member includes a flat portion or a recessed portion having a radius of curvature of approximately 100 mm or more. The sliding sheet is disposed between the belt member and the pressing member and includes a sliding layer containing cross-linked polytetrafluoroethylene, the content of which in resin contained in the layer is approximately 25 mass % or more and approximately 75 mass % or less. The pressure-applying member presses the recording medium against the belt member and rotates to transport the recording medium while nipping it between itself and the belt member.

Abstract: In a hybrid vehicle that selects a series mode in which an engine drives a motor generator to generate electric power and a driving motor drives drive wheels, fuel supply to the engine is stopped and motoring in which the motor generator forcedly drives the engine can be performed, failure determination of a front O2 sensor and a rear O2 sensor provided in an exhaust passage of the engine can be performed based on a change in a detection value of the sensors when the fuel supply is stopped, and a throttle valve of the engine is forcedly opened in the motoring.

Abstract: A fixing device includes: a fixing unit that transports a recording medium as nipped between a pressure rotary member and a heating rotary member, to thereby fix a developer image on the recording medium; temperature detectors that detect temperatures of regions of the pressure rotary member; cooling units that cool the detected regions; and a controller that controls the cooling units to, if a temperature difference between the regions is more than a set temperature difference, execute first cooling for reducing the temperature difference to the set temperature difference or less, and to, if a width of the recording medium perpendicular to a transport direction thereof used in an immediately preceding image formation is equal to or less than a preset width, execute, subsequently to the first cooling, second cooling for cooling the pressure rotary member for a preset time.

Abstract: An engine controlling apparatus includes an idle speed setting unit that sets a target idle speed upon idling of an engine mounted on a vehicle, and a target torque setting unit that sets a target torque in response to the target idle speed. The apparatus further includes an ignition timing controlling unit that controls an ignition timing and an intake air amount controlling unit that controls an intake air amount, and a steering angle detection unit that detects a steering angle. The apparatus further includes a torque value setting unit that sets a torque value in response to the steering angle. The intake air amount controlling unit controls the intake air amount in response to both the target torque and the torque value. The ignition timing controlling unit controls the ignition timing so that the engine outputs the target torque.

Abstract: An engine controlling apparatus includes a setting unit that sets a demand torque to an engine, a detection unit that detects a fluctuation of an external load, and a correction unit that corrects the demand torque. The apparatus includes a target torque calculation unit that calculates a target torque based on the demand torque, a control unit that controls an amount of air to be introduced into the engine so that an output torque may come close to the target torque, and an ignition timing detection unit that detects an ignition timing of the engine. The correction unit adds a torque increment for coping with a fluctuation of the external load to the demand torque to determine an increment correction demand torque and increases or decreases the increment correction demand torque in response to a displacement amount of the ignition timing from a predetermined reference value.

Abstract: A fixing device includes an endless belt, a heating unit that heats the belt, a rotating body that rotates while applying pressure to a recording medium interposed between the rotating body and the belt, a pressing member that forms a first area in which the recording medium is to be nipped between the belt and the rotating body by pressing the belt against the rotating body from an inside of the belt, and a driving member that drives the rotating body so that the rotating body rotates at a speed determined such that a time obtained by dividing a length of the first area in a direction in which the rotating body is rotating by the speed is approximately 20 milliseconds or less.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a heater that transports a recording medium while rotating in a first direction and fixes an image formed on the recording medium to the recording medium by heating the image, a reducing member that rotates in a second direction different from the first direction, the reducing member and the heater contacting each other and rotating at different speeds, and the reducing member scratching an outer peripheral surface of the heater, and a moving device that moves the heater with respect to the reducing member in a direction of a rotational axis of the reducing member.

Abstract: An output control device of a vehicle is provided. A flow speed ratio calculator obtains a flow speed ratio which is a ratio between a flow speed of an intake air of the internal combustion engine realizing a current base request torque which is currently calculated and a flow speed of the intake air of the internal combustion engine realizing a previous request torque which is previously calculated. A base request torque corrector corrects the base request torque based on the flow speed ratio. A controller controls a driving parameter of the internal combustion engine according to the current request torque which is currently calculated based on the current base request torque corrected by the base request torque corrector.

Abstract: A controlling apparatus for an engine includes a purge path connected to a sealing-type fuel tank and an intake system of an engine and is configured to allow purge gas containing evaporated fuel from the fuel tank to flow therethrough. A purge valve placed in the purge path is configured to adjust a flow rate of the purge gas. A calculation unit calculates a degree of opening of the purge valve based on a target introduction ratio of the purge gas, and a controlling unit controls the purge valve so as to establish the degree of opening calculated by the calculation unit. The calculation unit corrects, in high-pressure purge performed when a pressure in the fuel tank increases exceeding a predetermined pressure, the degree of opening using a tank pressure flow velocity correction coefficient K2 corresponding to an upstream pressure of the purge valve.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a fixing rotary body that heats toner while rotating and fixes the toner on a recording medium, a pressurizing rotary body that sandwiches and pressurizes the toner and the recording medium by the fixing rotary body, and a supporting part that supports the fixing rotary body from the inside so that a peak pressure on an outlet side of the recording medium becomes equal to or lower than a peak pressure on an inlet side, in a contact part where the fixing rotary body and the pressurizing rotary body come into contact with each other.