Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a printed circuit board including a first insulating layer, a pad embedded in an upper portion of the first insulating and having an upper surface portion, a side surface portion, and a lower surface portion, where a portion of the upper surface portion and a portion of the side surface portion protrude from the upper surface of the first insulating layer, and a metal layer covering the portion of the upper surface portion, the portion of the side surface portion, and a portion of the lower surface portion of the pad.

Abstract: An automated driving system of a vehicle includes a driver monitoring unit configured to perform at least one of monitoring a gaze of a driver and determining a position of a hand of the driver, an automated-driving-level switching unit configured to determine whether a transition of a driving control over the vehicle is required based on whether driving environment of the vehicle has changed during the vehicle being driven under control of the automated driving system, and determine an automated driving level to be switched based on a driver monitoring result obtained by the drive monitoring unit, and an automated driving control unit configured to control the vehicle according to the automated driving level.

Abstract: A printed circuit board includes an insulating layer; a recess portion disposed on one surface of the insulating layer; and a circuit layer disposed on the one surface of the insulating layer and including a signal pattern and a ground pattern. At least a portion of the ground pattern covers at least a portion of the recess portion.

Abstract: Disclosed herein to a strain sensor and a method for fabricating the strain sensor. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a strain sensor. The strain sensor comprising: a stretchable piezoresistor formed by a composite of a conducting nanocarbon filler distributed within a matrix of an insulating elastomer; and a stretchable electrode which is formed by a composite of a metal filler distributed within the matrix of the insulating elastomer and is partially inserted into both ends of the stretchable piezoresistor, wherein resistance increases due to a longitudinal tensile strain of the piezoresistor.

Abstract: A printed circuit board includes: a core portion including a cavity in one surface thereof; first and second penetration holes disposed in a bottom surface of the cavity and penetrating through the core portion; an electronic component disposed in the cavity; and an insulating material filling the cavity and each of the first and second penetration holes, wherein a sidewall of the cavity is higher than the electronic component.

Abstract: A printed circuit board includes an insulating layer; a recess portion disposed on one surface of the insulating layer; and a circuit layer disposed on the one surface of the insulating layer and including a signal pattern and a ground pattern. At least a portion of the ground pattern covers at least a portion of the recess portion.

Abstract: A humidity sensor is provided. The humidity sensor includes a flexible substrate, a moisture absorption prevention layer covering the flexible substrate, a dielectric layer on the moisture absorption prevention layer, hydrophobic patterns on the dielectric layer, a first electrode between the moisture absorption prevention layer and the dielectric layer, and a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode between the moisture absorption prevention layer and the dielectric layer. The first electrode has a thickness greater than that of the moisture absorption prevention layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fluorescence sensor for measuring microalgae and a method of operating the same. The fluorescence sensor for measuring the microalgae includes a fluorescence measurement unit including a light emitter configured to irradiate excitation light onto a measurement region and a detector configured to measure fluorescence emitted from the measurement region, an algae control unit configured to form a node and an antinode of an ultrasonic standing wave in the measurement region to control an algal density, and a signal processing unit configured to calculate the algal density using fluorescence intensity signals according to an operation mode of the algae control unit.

Abstract: A humidity sensor is provided. The humidity sensor includes a flexible substrate, a moisture absorption prevention layer covering the flexible substrate, a dielectric layer on the moisture absorption prevention layer, hydrophobic patterns on the dielectric layer, a first electrode between the moisture absorption prevention layer and the dielectric layer, and a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode between the moisture absorption prevention layer and the dielectric layer. The first electrode has a thickness greater than that of the moisture absorption prevention layer.

Abstract: Provided are a radio frequency identification tag and a method of manufacturing the same. The radio frequency identification tag includes a substrate, an antenna unit provided on the substrate and configured to transmit and receive signals, an integrated circuit unit spaced apart from the antenna unit on the substrate, and an interrupter and a delay circuit unit connected in parallel between the antenna unit and the integrated circuit unit, wherein the interrupter includes a variable portion and a fixed portion opposite the variable portion, wherein the delay circuit unit includes a capacitor and a resistor.

Abstract: Provided are a radio frequency identification tag and a method of manufacturing the same. The radio frequency identification tag includes a substrate, an antenna unit provided on the substrate and configured to transmit and receive signals, an integrated circuit unit spaced apart from the antenna unit on the substrate, and an interrupter and a delay circuit unit connected in parallel between the antenna unit and the integrated circuit unit, wherein the interrupter includes a variable portion and a fixed portion opposite the variable portion, wherein the delay circuit unit includes a capacitor and a resistor.

Abstract: Provided is a humidity sensor including a support body, an RFID chip, an antenna, and a capacitor on the support body, a top cover sheet on the RFID chip and the antenna, and a hydrophobic material pattern on the capacitor, wherein the capacitor is exposed by the top cover sheet, the hydrophobic material pattern has a network shape including a plurality of holes, and an electrostatic capacitance of the capacitor changes according to humidity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a transformed human cell and a use thereof and, more particularly, to a cell transformed with a gene for coding an MHC I cell membrane receptor and an MHC II cell membrane receptor by using a gene expression suppressing system using a guide RNA, and a use thereof. Such a transformed cell can effectively exhibit the therapeutic effect of cells even in vivo, and cannot be removed by an in vivo immune response. Therefore, it is expected that a composition comprising the immunocyte as an active ingredient can be usefully used for the treatment of cancer, infectious diseases, degenerative diseases or immunological diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fluorescence sensor for measuring microalgae and a method of operating the same. The fluorescence sensor for measuring the microalgae includes a fluorescence measurement unit including a light emitter configured to irradiate excitation light onto a measurement region and a detector configured to measure fluorescence emitted from the measurement region, an algae control unit configured to form a node and an antinode of an ultrasonic standing wave in the measurement region to control an algal density, and a signal processing unit configured to calculate the algal density using fluorescence intensity signals according to an operation mode of the algae control unit.

Abstract: A resonator-based sensor and a sensing method thereof for sensing a change in a material that is subject to be sensed which include: generating an oscillation voltage signal by amplifying a current signal output from a resonator in accordance with a physical-chemical change of the material; and generating a gain control signal corresponding to a motional resistance and a clock signal corresponding to a resonant frequency of the resonator are provided.

Abstract: A resonator-based sensor and a sensing method thereof for sensing a change in a material that is subject to be sensed which include: generating an oscillation voltage signal by amplifying a current signal output from a resonator in accordance with a physical-chemical change of the material; and generating a gain control signal corresponding to a motional resistance and a clock signal corresponding to a resonant frequency of the resonator are provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a microphone driving device and a digital microphone including the same. A microphone driving device according to an embodiment of the inventive concept includes a voltage-to-current converter, a current-to-voltage converter, an analog-to-digital converter, a digital amplification unit, and a gain controller. The voltage-to-current converter converts an acoustic signal to an output current signal based on a gain control signal. The current-to-voltage converter converts the output current signal to an amplified voltage signal. The analog-to-digital converter converts the amplified voltage signal to a digital signal. The digital amplification unit amplifies the digital signal to an amplified digital signal based on the gain control signal. The gain controller generates a gain control signal. The microphone driving device and the digital microphone including the same according to the inventive concept may have a wide dynamic range and reduce the influence of noise.

Abstract: Provided is a pressure sensor including a substrate having a cavity therein, a partition wall disposed in the substrate to surround the cavity, a substrate insulation layer disposed on the top surface of the substrate to cover the cavity, a sensing unit disposed on the substrate insulation layer, and an encapsulation layer disposed on the substrate insulation layer to cover the sensing unit. The cavity may extend from a top surface toward a bottom surface of the substrate, the partition wall may have an inner sidewall exposed by the cavity, and at least a portion of the sensing unit may overlap the cavity when viewed in a plan view.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a microphone driving device and a digital microphone including the same. A microphone driving device according to an embodiment of the inventive concept includes a voltage-to-current converter, a current-to-voltage converter, an analog-to-digital converter, a digital amplification unit, and a gain controller. The voltage-to-current converter converts an acoustic signal to an output current signal based on a gain control signal. The current-to-voltage converter converts the output current signal to an amplified voltage signal. The analog-to-digital converter converts the amplified voltage signal to a digital signal. The digital amplification unit amplifies the digital signal to an amplified digital signal based on the gain control signal. The gain controller generates a gain control signal. The microphone driving device and the digital microphone including the same according to the inventive concept may have a wide dynamic range and reduce the influence of noise.

Abstract: Provided is a pressure sensor including a substrate having a cavity therein, a partition wall disposed in the substrate to surround the cavity, a substrate insulation layer disposed on the top surface of the substrate to cover the cavity, a sensing unit disposed on the substrate insulation layer, and an encapsulation layer disposed on the substrate insulation layer to cover the sensing unit. The cavity may extend from a top surface toward a bottom surface of the substrate, the partition wall may have an inner sidewall exposed by the cavity, and at least a portion of the sensing unit may overlap the cavity when viewed in a plan view.