Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to systems and methods for allocating spectrum of a flexible-grid optical network to a plurality of virtual links. Given a set of optical channels of different line rates and channel widths, a user can reserve one of the optical channels as a long-term reservation. The user can later elect to downgrade its optical channel to a smaller optical channel with lower line rate and less spectrum, for example, when the user's traffic demands decrease. The user may return (e.g., sell or de-allocate) an amount of unused spectrum to the carrier, and the carrier creates and manages a resource pool to gather unused spectrum from users. When the user's traffic increases, the user may obtain (e.g., purchase) additional spectrum from the carrier's resource pool and/or upgrade the user's optical channel to an optical channel having a higher line rate.

Abstract: A method for determining a treatment response of cells is provided with steps of providing a un-treated first sample and a treated second sample; applying an electric signal to the first sample and the second sample; obtaining a first motion parameter of the first sample and a second motion parameter of the second sample in the electric signal, respectively; and comparing the first motion parameter and the second motion parameter to determine whether there is a difference. The difference represents that the treatment response exists.

Abstract: A method for filter covering-based notification routing implemented in an event broker, comprising receiving a first subscription and a second subscription, creating the first filter and the second filter in the event broker, wherein the first filter and the second filter implement a filter service provider interface (SPI), forwarding the first subscription and the second subscription to an event source, receiving notifications according to the first subscription and the second subscription, determining a first set of the notifications that satisfies the first filter and the second filter and a second set of the notifications that satisfies the second filter, calculating a first number of the notifications in the first set of the notifications and a second number of the notifications in the second set of the notifications, and determining the first filter covers the second filter when the first number is equal to the second number.

Abstract: A method implemented in a network element (NE) configured to operate as a REST server, the method comprising receiving, through a receiver, a constraint from a REST client, wherein the constraint relates an independent control variable to a derived control variable, wherein the derived control variable is mapped to a first cloud computing resource employed by a cloud computing implementation; receiving, through the receiver, an independent value for the independent control variable from the REST client; computing, via a processor coupled to the receiver, a derived value for the derived control variable based on the constraint and the value for the independent control variable; determining, via a processor, a first instruction regarding the first cloud computing resource based on the derived value; and altering, via a resource controller coupled to the processor, one of a plurality of first behaviors of the first cloud computing resource based on the first instruction.

Abstract: Method to transport HTTP over XMPP, including: forming a first two-level URI template to identify web resources accessible by use of HTTP in an XMPP network, wherein a first level is XMPP-formatted and a second level is HTTP-formatted; binding HTTP to XMPP <message> and <iq> stanzas; transmitting the HTTP messages in those stanzas; receiving HTTP messages in those stanzas; and a XMPP mechanism to discover if an XMPP entity supports transporting HTTP over XMPP.

Abstract: A method for composing and executing a plurality of hyperlink pipelines within a web browser, wherein the method comprises moving a first source hyperlink that corresponds to a first resource to a destination hyperlink that corresponds to a second resource, merging the first source hyperlink with the destination hyperlink to create a first hyperlink pipeline, moving a second source hyperlink that corresponds to a third resource to the first hyperlink pipeline, merging the second source hyperlink with the first hyperlink pipeline to create a second hyperlink pipeline, and executing the second hyperlink pipeline such that the second resource is invoked before the first resource and the third resource, and the first resource is invoked before the third resource.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer program product are provided for accessing resources based on a resource-oriented network. In use, a request is received for a first resource. In response to receipt of the request for the first resource, a resource-oriented network mapping is identified. A second resource is identified based on the resource-oriented network mapping. Such second resource is accessed for generating a response.

Abstract: A multi-service hyperlink pipeline model and system is proposed herein that allows a website to associate and present a plurality of service templates and custom JavaScript functions with a single resource in HTML documents and users to combine a service template with hyperlinks to form hyperlink pipelines and execute a hyperlink pipeline to automatically invoke the custom JavaScript functions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems, methods, and non-transitory computer-readable storage media for managing and using sessions as RESTful web services. A session is exposed as a resource having an associated Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), and the session is composed with other services. For example, a client sends an HTTP POST request to a web server to create a session, an HTTP GET request to retrieve a representation of the session, an HTTP PUT request to update the representation of the session, and an HTTP DELETE request to delete the session so that resources within the session are reclaimed. Since the sessions are resources, the resources can be shared among clients, and the web servers knows the client states while still being stateless, making them robust and scalable. Composing web services with the common RESTful session service reduces complexity and enhances interoperability.

Abstract: A controller having an application optimally routing traffic to balance fluctuating traffic loads in a SDN network. A processor is configured to control the data plane to establish routing through the plurality of routers, wherein the processor is configured to establish hybrid routing comprising both explicit routing and destination-based routing. The processor utilizes a set of traffic matrices representing the fluctuating traffic load over time. A destination-based multi-path routing algorithm is configured to improve load balancing of the traffic load based on the set of representative traffic matrices. The destination based routing is calculated based on linear programming. The processor comprises a traffic categorization algorithm configured to identify a set of key flows, wherein the processor is configured to explicitly route the set of key flows.

Abstract: Method to transport HTPP over XMPP, including: forming a first two-level URI template to identify web resources accessible by use of HTTP in an XMPP network, wherein a first level is XMPP-formatted and a second level is HTTP-formatted; binding HTTP to XMPP <message> and <iq> stanzas; transmitting the HTTP messages in those stanzas; receiving a HTTP messages in those stanzas; and a XMPP mechanism to discover if an XMPP entity supports transporting HTTP over XMPP.

Abstract: A method for communicating between a plurality of Software-Service-Defined-Networks (SSDNs) comprising transmitting a data packet from a Network Element (NE) in a first SSDN domain to a component in a second SSDN domain by using an Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP), wherein the data packet comprises a destination address indicating an address of a XMPP server in the second domain. Also disclosed is a method of federating a plurality of SSDN domains implemented in a first XMPP server comprising receiving a login message from a first component positioned in a first SSDN domain, and in response to receiving the login message, advertising the first SSDN component to a second XMPP server positioned in a second SSDN domain via a first XMPP message.

Abstract: Method to transport HTTP over XMPP, including: forming a first two-level URI template to identify web resources accessible by use of HTTP in an XMPP network, wherein a first level is XMPP-formatted and a second level is HTTP-formatted; binding HTTP to XMPP <message> and <iq> stanzas; transmitting the HTTP messages in those stanzas; receiving HTTP messages in those stanzas; and a XMPP mechanism to discover if an XMPP entity supports transporting HTTP over XMPP.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a processor configured to compose a plurality of protocol stacks, and dereference a layered URI using at least one of the plurality of protocol stacks. Also, a computer program product comprising computer executable instructions stored on a non-transitory medium that when executed by a processor cause the processor to perform the following receive a layered URI, and call a URI dereference extension, wherein the dereference extension is configured to construct a protocol stack, wherein the protocol stack comprises a first connector, a second connector, and a binder, and wherein the first and second connectors are selected from a plurality of connectors based on the URI.

Abstract: A segment based switching architecture with hybrid control providing flow control in software defined networking (SDN). An SDN controller controls top tier macro-flows and virtual segment backbone connections in a network, and an SDN network edge device controls and manages micro-flows that are attached to the SDN network edge device. The SDN network edge device controls and manages the micro-flows locally without using a southbound API. The SDN network edge device learns flow information such as source information and incoming port information for all unknown micro-flows belonging to defined segments, and builds a virtual segment topology database for each segment. The SDN network edge device employs flow computation algorithms and micro-flow management in a distributed fashion. The virtual segment backbone connections are naturally exposed to the SDN controller through provisioning.

Abstract: System and method of automating client development for an application programming interface (API). An embodiment includes an apparatus capable of receiving information regarding a target application resource accessible by an API, and of generating a selected sequence of API calls based on weighted transitions in an API model representing resources needed for a client to perform interactions with the API. The apparatus is able to automatically generate a client program for interacting with the API according to a sequence of API calls. Additionally, methods are described for converting a model of an API into a directed, weighted graph, allowing determination of a selected sequence of API calls to access a target application resource. The API may be a Representational State Transfer API (REST API) implemented for a software defined network (SDN).

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to systems and methods for allocating spectrum of a flexible-grid optical network to a plurality of virtual links. Given a set of optical channels of different line rates and channel widths, a user can reserve one of the optical channels as a long-term reservation. The user can later elect to downgrade its optical channel to a smaller optical channel with lower line rate and less spectrum, for example, when the user's traffic demands decrease. The user may return (e.g., sell or de-allocate) an amount of unused spectrum to the carrier, and the carrier creates and manages a resource pool to gather unused spectrum from users. When the user's traffic increases, the user may obtain (e.g., purchase) additional spectrum from the carrier's resource pool and/or upgrade the user's optical channel to an optical channel having a higher line rate.

Abstract: A method comprising dereferencing, in a web browser, a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) comprising a web resource and a reflex tag, creating a request message comprising a request for the web resource and a reflex request corresponding to the reflex tag, wherein the reflex request is a request for address and port information from a web server comprising the web resource, encapsulating the request message in a transport message comprising an Internet Protocol (IP) address and a port of the web browser, transmitting the transport message to the web server, receiving a response message from the web server, wherein the response message comprises a second IP address and a second port number of the browser as seen by the web server, and determining a characteristic of at least one Network Address Translation (NAT) device coupled between the web browser and the web server based on the second IP address and second port number.

Abstract: Systems and methods of processing a real-time communication in web-browsers (RTCWEB) authentication by a first server are disclosed. These include receiving a message from a first user equipment including a first identity of a first user, a first fingerprint of the first user equipment and a first signature generated from a first Identity provider (IdP), sending a call offer message including the first identity, the first fingerprint and the first signature to a second server associated with a second user equipment, receiving from the second server a first challenge message that request an authentication for the first identity, and redirecting the first user equipment to access the second server.

Abstract: The claimed subject matter is directed to novel methods and systems for a network topology wherein an Internet Protocol (IP) network is partially integrated and enhanced with a relatively small number of Software Defined Network (SDN)-Openflow (SDN-OF) enabled network devices to provide a resilient network that is able to quickly recover from a network failure and achieves post-recovery load balancing while minimizing cost and complexity. The SDN-OF Controller, or a management node, determines such a minimum set of SDN-OF enabled devices and establishes IP tunnels to route traffic from nodes affected by failure to designated SDN-OF switches and finally to the final destination without looping back to the failed link or node. By combining SDN-OF enabled switches with IP nodes such as routers, a novel network architecture and methods are described herein that allows for ultra-fast and load balancing-aware failure recovery of the data network.