Abstract: Method and system method comprising encoding a source word to be transmitted in a data unit from a source station in a wireless network, generating a first OFDM symbol that carries a data segment corresponding to encoded bits of the source word, duplicating the first OFDM symbol to generate a second OFDM symbol that is a linear phase-rotated copy of the first OFDM symbol; and transmitting the data unit including the first OFDM symbol and the second OFDM symbol.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are devices, systems and methods between a between a plurality of collaborating Access Points (APs) and a receiving station (STA) operating in a wireless local area network (WLAN). The method include the steps of: transmitting, by each AP in the plurality of collaborating APs, a data frame to the receiving STA, each data frame has a preamble portion, the preamble portion including a signal (SIG) field, and the SIG field has a subfield including information representative of a total number of spatial streams transmitted by the plurality of collaborating Aps.

Abstract: There is provided a method and apparatus associated with a sensing measurement report frame format. A method includes receiving, by an access point (AP) or a station (STA), a request for at least one sensing measurement report. The method also includes transmitting, by the AP or the STA, a sensing measurement report frame that includes a category field, a public action field, and at least one measurement set-up identifier field and at least one sensing measurement report element. The sensing management report frame can include a category field, a public action field, a dialog token field, a measurement set-up identifier field, and a sensing measurement report element.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for methods and systems for improved channel information gathering mechanism. An aspect of the disclosure provides a method. The method includes sending, to one or more stations (STAs), a request for channel information. The channel information being related to one or more channels between an access point (AP) and the one or more STAs. The method further includes receiving, from the one or more (STA), one or more physical layer (PHY) protocol data units (PPDUs). The PPDUs includes channel feature information (CFI) associated with the one or more channels. In some embodiments, the request includes a beamforming report poll (BFRP) trigger frame having a user information field. The user information subfield indicating one or more thresholds associated with one or more parameters of the channel feature information.

Abstract: There are provided methods and apparatus related to setting up sensing measurement instances and to allocating resource units (RUs) between sensing responders in a sensing measurement instance. There is provided a channel state information (CSI) feedback (FB) support subfield can be provided in a sensing measurement parameters field, which may be used to allow a device to indicate whether it can compute CSI FB information and feedback. There is further provided, RU allocation re-use across multiple phases of a sensing phase which may enable later trigger frames to omit RU allocation information. There are further provided responder-to-initiator (R2I) null data packets (NDPs) which include information indicative of the device transmitting the packet in a signal (SIG) field of the NDP.

Abstract: The application relates to link adaptation for extremely high throughput (EHT) systems. Various approaches are provided to enable transmission of link adaptation parameters for single-user multiple input multiple output (SU-MIMO), and multi-user multiple input multiple output MU-MIMO. In some embodiments, two control IDs in the A-control subfield are used, one for SU-MIMO and one for MU-MIMO. These can both be reserved control IDs, or a combination of a reserved control ID and control ID 2 normally used for HE link adaptation. In some embodiments, a single control ID in the A-control subfield is used. This can be a reserved control ID or control ID 2 normally used for HE link adaptation.

Abstract: Provided herein are techniques for making low-carbon steels with high surface hardness. A technique includes heating a low-carbon steel precursor material in a furnace to form molten steel material, increasing the free oxygen content of the molten steel material to a predetermined level, and then solidifying the molten steel material having the predetermined oxygen level to produce a steel structure by cooling the molten steel material at a predetermined cooling rate. The predetermined oxygen level and the predetermined cooling rate are effective to produce the low-carbon steel with a high surface hardness. The low-carbon steel may have inclusions smaller than about 1 ?m.

Abstract: A procedure and frame structure for Wi-Fi sensing is described. An aspect of the disclosure provides a method of sensing. Such the method includes sending, by an initiating station (STA) to a plurality of responder STAs, a sensing request comprising a sensing announcement frame indicating identifiers (ID) of the plurality of responder STAs. Such a method further includes receiving, by the initiating STA from the plurality of responder STAs, one or more responses based on the sensing request. In some embodiments, the announcement frame further indicates resource unit assignments for receiving acknowledgements from the plurality of responder STAs. In some embodiments, the method further includes receiving, by the initiating STA from the plurality of responder STAs, the acknowledgements indicating a willingness to participate in the sensing procedure.

Abstract: This application provides an information indication method and an apparatus. In this application, a sending apparatus generates and sends a first frame, the first frame includes at least one piece of sub-time resource indication information, and each piece of sub-time resource indication information is in a one-to-one correspondence with one of at least one response apparatus. In addition, each piece of sub-time resource indication information includes a time resource at which the corresponding response apparatus sends feedback information for the first frame to the sending apparatus and a time resource at which the sending apparatus sends acknowledgment information for the feedback information to the corresponding response apparatus, so that the at least one response apparatus and the sending apparatus that sends the first frame can simultaneously perform beamforming training, thereby improving effectiveness of beamforming training performed on the sending apparatus and the at least one response apparatus.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and system for transmitting control information in a header of a physical protocol data unit (PPDU), such as an IEEE 802.11 compliant PPDU. Embodiments include indicating control features in an EDMG PPDU for Wireless LAN communications. The method and system may include overloading at least one bit of a Scrambler Initialization Field in the PPDU header (e.g. the PHY header) to convey control information, as well as to be used to initialize the scrambler shift register. The same header bits are thus used for both purposes. Examples of control information include a primary channel, channel width or MIMO configuration to be used in further communication.

Abstract: There is provided a method for providing a sensing initiator station with measurement feedback. The method includes broadcasting, by the sensing initiator station, a sensing announcement frame and broadcasting, by the sensing initiator station, a sensing sequence frame, the sensing sequence frame containing a reference sequence. The method further includes transmitting, by the sensing initiator station, a feedback request frame, the feedback request frame including station information indicating resources allocated for each participating station. The method further includes sending, by a responder station, a feedback frame to the sensing initiator, the feedback frame including an indicator corresponding to data contained in the feedback frame. There is also provided a device which includes a processor, and non-transitory computer readable memory having stored thereon machine readable instructions. The instructions, when executed by the processor configure the device to execute a method disclosed herein.

Abstract: A method includes sending, by an access point (AP) to one or more stations (STAs), a request for channel state information (CSI). The request includes a null data packet announcement (NDPA) frame including a common information field. The common information field including an indicator of whether trigger based (TB) sounding or non-trigger based (non-TB) is being used. Then, the method includes receiving, by the AP from the one or more STAs, a CSI feedback response based on the request. The common information field may be a null data packet announcement (NDPA) variant field in an alternative name and the indicator may utilize 1 bit.

Abstract: A method of auto-detection of WLAN packets includes selecting a first Golay sequence from a first pair of Golay complementary sequences associated with first packet type, each Golay sequence of the first pair of Golay complementary sequences being zero correlation zone (ZCZ) sequences with each Golay sequence of a second pair of Golay complementary sequences associated with a second packet type, and transmitting a wireless packet carrying a short training field (STF) that includes one or more instances of the first Golay sequence.

Abstract: Methods, devices and systems for allocating spectrum in a wireless local area network. A bit representation of the availability or unavailability of a plurality of sub-bands of a portion of frequency spectrum is generated and included in a physical layer protocol data unit, which is transmitted to a target station to allocate resource units within the portion of frequency spectrum for use by the target station. The sub-bands may be 20 MHz spectrum sub-bands for large-size resource units, or the portion of frequency spectrum may be a single 20 MHz band sub-divided into multiple sub-bands for allocating small-size resource units. A station that receives the data unit may decode the bit representation and use the allocated resource units to communicate over the wireless local area network.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for methods, systems and apparatus related to Variable High Throughput (HT) Control Field. An aspect of the disclosure provides for a method performed by a station (STA). The method includes sending, to a second STA, a message including a frame, the frame including a variable high throughput (HT) control field. The variable HT further includes a first subfield indicating an N number of control IDs, wherein N is equal to or more than one. The variable HT further includes N additional subfields. Each of the N additional subfield includes: a control identifier (ID) field and a control information field associated with the Control ID field. The method further includes receiving, from the second STA, a response.

Abstract: Method and system method performed at a wireless transmitting station, including generating a first low density parity check (LPDC) codeword for a first source word for a first transmission, and generating a second LDPC codeword for a retransmission for the first LDPC codeword, the second LDPC codeword including a permutated subset of information bits included in the first LDPC codeword and parity check bits corresponding to the permutated subset of information bits.

Abstract: This disclosure provides data sending and receiving methods and apparatuses. In an implementation, a device performs a non-replication operation on a frequency domain sequence on subcarriers of a first bandwidth, to obtain a frequency domain sequence on subcarriers of a second bandwidth in a transmission bandwidth, transforms the frequency domain sequence on the subcarriers of the first bandwidth and the frequency domain sequence on the subcarriers of the second bandwidth into a time domain, and performs radio frequency processing on time domain data and then sends the processed time domain data.

Abstract: This application provides an information indication method and an apparatus. In this application, a sending apparatus generates and sends a first frame, the first frame includes at least one piece of sub-time resource indication information, and each piece of sub-time resource indication information is in a one-to-one correspondence with one of at least one response apparatus. In addition, each piece of sub-time resource indication information includes a time resource at which the corresponding response apparatus sends feedback information for the first frame to the sending apparatus and a time resource at which the sending apparatus sends acknowledgment information for the feedback information to the corresponding response apparatus, so that the at least one response apparatus and the sending apparatus that sends the first frame can simultaneously perform beamforming training, thereby improving effectiveness of beamforming training performed on the sending apparatus and the at least one response apparatus.

Abstract: A method for performing a central coordination function includes that when a first central coordinator node cannot perform a central coordination function, a candidate central coordinator node may send, to another node, a first change request message used to request to change a node parameter, and receive a change request response message of the first change request message sent by the another node.

Abstract: Methods and devices are disclosed for encoding source words and decoding codewords with LDPC matrices, comprising: receiving a 1×K source word row vector ?; and generating a 1×N codeword vector c=?·G, wherein G is a K×N generator matrix derived from a parity check matrix Hl; and wherein Hl is derived from a base parity check matrix H by summing different rows in the base parity check matrix H to obtain an intermediate parity check matrix, and applying a lifting matrix to the intermediate base parity check matrix to obtain Hl.