Abstract: A stereoscopic-vision endoscope optical system includes a pair of objective optical systems, a pair of relay optical systems, and a pair of image forming optical systems. The image forming optical system includes a first lens unit, a first optical-path bending element, and a second optical-path bending element. The objective optical system and the relay optical system are disposed in a first optical path. A second optical path is formed between the first optical-path bending element and the second optical-path bending element. A third optical path is formed between the second optical-path bending element and a final image. The second optical path is positioned farther from the central axis, than the first optical path. The third optical path is positioned closer to the central axis, than the second optical path.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes an optical system which includes a plurality of lenses, and an image sensor which is disposed at an image position of the optical system, wherein the optical system includes in order from an object side, a first lens having a negative refractive power, an aperture stop, a second lens having a positive refractive power, and a third lens having a positive refractive power, and each of the first lens, the second lens, and the third lens is formed of a material having a refractive index not higher than 1.70, and the following conditional expressions (1), (2), (3), and (4) are satisfied: 0<f3/f2?1.7??(1), 0.5<?1L/IH<3.0??(2), 0.05<D1R2L/?d<0.5??(3), and ?0.4<f1/R1L<0.2??(4).

Abstract: A vehicle includes an engine, a motor generator, a battery, and an ECU. The ECU is configured to calculate an evaluation value indicating a degree of progress of deterioration of the battery, the deterioration being caused by an imbalance in a salt concentration in the battery, and is configured to execute high-rate deterioration suppressing control that raises a target SOC of the battery when the battery is evaluated to be deteriorated in accordance with the evaluation value. The ECU is configured to also raise the target SOC when an actual SOC is increased due to the electric power generation by the motor generator during the execution of the high-rate deterioration suppressing control. The raised target SOC is lower than the increased actual SOC.

Abstract: A flue gas detection system includes: a temperature sensor configured to detect a temperature in a duct; a temperature sensor configured to detect a temperature in a duct; and an ECU. The ECU is configured to determine that a high-temperature gas is released from an assembled battery, when a period during which a temperature increase amount in the duct is more than a reference amount and a period during which a temperature increase amount in the duct is more than a reference amount are included in a predetermined period.

Abstract: An ECU switches a control mode to an HV mode when an SOC decreases to a lower limit during an EV mode. The ECU calculates an evaluation value ?D of high-rate deterioration indicating a deterioration component of a secondary battery due to non-uniformity in salt concentration in a battery. The ECU executes high-rate deterioration inhibiting control when the HV mode is currently selected and when the battery is evaluated as deteriorating based on the evaluation value ?D, the high-rate deterioration inhibiting control being control for increasing the SOC by making a control target of the SOC higher than the lower limit of the SOC. On the other hand, the ECU does not execute the high-rate deterioration inhibiting control when the EV mode is currently selected.

Abstract: When the temperature of a battery is below a prescribed temperature during execution of a lithium deposition suppression control, an ECU executes a temperature raising control for raising the temperature of the battery by repeating charging and discharging of the battery. The temperature raising control is a control for: when the magnitude of a target current is below a first threshold value that is greater than 0, prohibiting charging of the battery by restricting an allowable charging power to 0, while discharging the battery; and when the magnitude of an allowable current exceeds a second threshold value, resuming charging of the battery by canceling restriction on the allowable charging power.

Abstract: An ECU performs a process including the steps of: acquiring a lowest temperature TBmin and a temperature TC of cooling air; acquiring a fan airflow volume; setting a cooling coefficient; calculating a resistance value Rtmin; calculating a root-mean-square value of a current; setting TBoffset1; calculating a resistance value Rtmax; calculating a temperature index Ftmax; calculating a temperature index Ftmin; calculating an evaluation function ?F; calculating a maximum current correction gain G; and calculating a maximum current value Imax.

Abstract: A stereoscopic-vision endoscope includes an objective optical system, a relay optical system, a first lens unit, a light-beam splitting element, a second lens unit, and an image sensor. An intermediate image, a first image, and a second image are formed in a common optical path, a first optical path, and a second optical path respectively. The light-beam splitting element has a surface of incidence and a surface of emergence. A first light ray which passes through the intermediate image and reaches first image and a second light ray which passes through the intermediate image and reaches the second image are refracted to be away from an optical axis of the common optical path on the surface of incidence, as well as are refracted to be closer to the optical axis of the common optical path on the surface of emergence.

Abstract: A battery pack includes a plurality of modules connected in series to one another. Each of the plurality of modules includes a plurality of cells connected in parallel to one another. If a first condition and a second condition are satisfied, an ECU diagnoses an abnormality in which a current path of a cell included in any module breaks. The first condition is a condition that the voltage difference between the maximum voltage and the minimum voltage among a plurality of voltage values is less than a reference value before execution of plug-in charging control, each of the plurality of voltage values being detected by a corresponding one of a plurality of voltage sensors. The second condition is a condition that the voltage difference between the maximum voltage and a voltage is more than or equal to the reference value after execution of the plug-in charging control.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes an image pickup element and an optical system. The image pickup element includes a plurality of pixels, and the plurality of pixels is arranged in rows two-dimensionally. The optical system includes in order from an object side, a first lens unit which includes a plurality of lenses, a stop, and a second lens unit which includes a plurality of lenses. The first lens unit includes a first object-side lens which is disposed nearest to an object, and the second lens unit includes a second image-side lens which is disposed nearest to an image. The following conditional expressions (1), (2), (3), (4), and (5) are satisfied: 3250<2Y/p??(1), ?1.0<???(2), CRAobj<10 deg??(3), 2.0<LL/?(Y×Yobj)<15.0??(4), and 0.5<LTL/Doi<0.95??(5).

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes an optical system which includes a plurality of lenses, and an image sensor which is disposed at an image position of the optical system, wherein the optical system includes in order from an object side, a first lens having a negative refractive power, a second lens having a positive refractive power, an aperture stop, and a third lens, and each of the first lens, the second lens, and the third lens is formed of a material having a refractive index not higher than 1.70, and the following conditional expressions (1) and (2) are satisfied: 2.0<?d/FL<5.5 ??(1), and 0.5<?1L/IH<3.0 ??(2).

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes an optical system which includes a plurality of lenses, and an image sensor which is disposed at an image position of the optical system, wherein the optical system includes in order from an object side, a first lens having a negative refractive power, an aperture stop, a second lens having a positive refractive power, and a third lens, and an object-side surface of the third lens has a shape which his concave toward the object side, and each of the first lens, the second lens, and the third lens is formed of a material having a refractive index not higher than 1.70, and the following conditional expression (1) is satisfied: 0.5<?L/IH<3.0??(1), where, IH denotes a maximum image height, and ?1L denotes an effective aperture at an object-side surface of the first lens.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes an optical system which includes a plurality of lenses and an aperture stop, and an image sensor which is disposed at an image position of the optical system, wherein the optical system includes in order from an object side, a first lens having a negative refractive power, a second lens having a negative refractive power, a third lens having a positive refractive power, and a fourth lens, and the following conditional expressions (1) and (3) are satisfied: ?max??min<4.0×10?5/° C.??(1), and 0.2<D1Ls/DsF<3.0??(3).

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes an optical system which includes a plurality of lenses, and an image sensor which is disposed at an image position of the optical system, wherein the optical system has a lens surface positioned nearest to object and a lens surface positioned nearest to image, and includes in order from the object side, a first lens having a negative refractive power, a second lens having a positive refractive power, a third lens having a positive refractive power, and a fourth lens, and an object-side surface of the second lens has a shape which is convex toward the object side, and the following conditional expressions (1), (2), and (A) are satisfied: ?max??min<4.0×10?5/° C.??(1), 1.8<?d/FL<6.5??(2), and 1<f2/FL<15.2??(A).

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes an optical system which includes a plurality of lenses, and an image sensor which is disposed at an image position of the optical system, wherein the optical system includes in order from an object side, a first lens having a negative refractive power, a second lens having a negative refractive power, a third lens having a positive refractive power, and a fourth lens, and the following conditional expressions (1) and (2) are satisfied: ? max?? min<4.0×10?5/° C.??(1), and 0.1<R1R/FL<2.5??(2).

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes an optical system which includes a plurality of lenses, and an image sensor which is disposed at an image position of the optical system, wherein the optical system includes in order from an object side, a first lens having a negative refractive power, an aperture stop, a second lens having a positive refractive power, and a third lens having a positive refractive power, and each of the first lens, the second lens, and the third lens is formed of a material having a refractive index not higher than 1.70, and the following conditional expressions (1), (2), (3), and (4) are satisfied: 0<f3/f2?1.7??(1), 0.5<?1n/IH<3.0??(2), 0.05<D1R2L/?d<0.5??(3), and ?0.4<f1/R1L<0.2??(4).

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes an optical system which includes a plurality of lenses, and an image sensor which is disposed at an image position of the optical system, wherein the optical system has a lens surface positioned nearest to object and a lens surface positioned nearest to image, and includes in order from the object side, a first lens having a negative refractive power, a second lens having a positive refractive power, a third lens having a positive refractive power, and a fourth lens, and an object-side surface of the second lens has a shape which is convex toward the object side, and the following conditional expressions (1) and (2) are satisfied: ?max??min<4.0×10?5/° C.??(1), and 1.8<?d/FL<6.5??(2).

Abstract: An optical system which forms an optical image on an image pickup element, comprising in order from an object side, a first lens unit having a positive refractive power, which includes a plurality of lenses, a stop, and a second lens unit which includes a plurality of lenses, wherein the first lens unit includes a first object-side lens which is disposed nearest to an object, and the second lens unit includes a second image-side lens which is disposed nearest to an image, and the first lens unit includes a negative lens, and a positive lens which is disposed on the object side of the negative lens, and the following conditional expressions are satisfied: ???1.1??(15) 0.08<NA??(16) 1.0<WD/BF??(19) 0.5<2×(WD×tan(sin?1NA)+Yobj)/?s<4.0.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes an image pickup element and an optical system. The image pickup element includes a plurality of pixels, and the plurality of pixels is arranged in rows two-dimensionally. The optical system includes in order from an object side, a first lens unit which includes a plurality of lenses, a stop, and a second lens unit which includes a plurality of lenses. The first lens unit includes a first object-side lens which is disposed nearest to an object, and the second lens unit includes a second image-side lens which is disposed nearest to an image. The following conditional expressions (1), (2), (3), (4), and (5) are satisfied: 3250<2Y/p??(1), ?1.0<???(2), CRAobj<10 deg??(3), 2.0<LL/?(Y×Yobj)<15.0??(4), and 0.5<LTL/Doi<0.95??(5).

Abstract: An optical system which forms an optical image on an image pickup element, comprising in order from an object side, a first lens unit having a positive refractive power, which includes a plurality of lenses, a stop, and a second lens unit which includes a plurality of lenses, wherein the first lens unit includes a first object-side lens which is disposed nearest to an object, and the second lens unit includes a second image-side lens which is disposed nearest to an image, and the first lens unit includes a negative lens, and a positive lens which is disposed on the object side of the negative lens, and the following conditional expressions are satisfied: ???1.1??(15) 0.08<NA??(16) 1.0<WD/BF??(19) 0.5<2×(WD×tan(sin?1NA)+Yobj)/?s<4.